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<title>Flex mobile skins – Part 1: Optimized skinning basics | Adobe Developer Connection</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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<meta name="description" content="Learn the basics of mobile skinning by creating a Button skin." /><meta name="creationDate" content="2011-07-12 @ 13:39:59" />
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<meta name="shortTitle" content="Flex mobile skins – Part 1: Optimized skinning basics"/>
<meta name="blurb" content="Learn the basics of mobile skinning by creating a Button skin." />
<meta name="author" content="Jason San Jose" />
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<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/media-optimization.html?promoid=JOLIX" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Mediaoptimization">Media optimization</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/social-marketing.html?promoid=JZPNO" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Socialmarketing">Social marketing</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/testing-targeting.html?promoid=KAXLU" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Testingandtargeting">Testing and targeting</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/products/creativecloud/video.html?promoid=KAUDD" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Videoeditingandserving">Video editing and serving</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://html.adobe.com?promoid=JZEFF" target="_blank" class="SiteHeaderLinkNewWindow" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Webdevelopment">Web <span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">development<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/web-experience-management.html?promoid=JOOYM" id="BusinessSolutions_Bybusinessneed_Webexperiencemanagement">Web experience management</a></li>
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<ul class="SiteHeaderPanelLinkNoBottom">
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions.html?promoid=JOOTI" id="BusinessSolutions_Seeallbusinessneeds">See all business needs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="SiteHeaderColumn-2">
<p class="SiteHeaderPanelHeaderSmall">By industry</p>
<ul>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/broadcasting.html?promoid=JOLIY" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Broadcast">Broadcast</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/education.html?marketSegment=EDU&promoid=JOLIZ" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Education">Education</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/financial-services.html?promoid=KAUDE" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Financialservices">Financial services</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/government.html?promoid=KAUDF" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Government">Government</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/digital-publishing.html?promoid=KAUDG" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Publishing">Publishing</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/retail.html?promoid=KAWSD" id="BusinessSolutions_Byindustry_Retail">Retail</a></li>
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<ul class="SiteHeaderPanelLinkNoBottom">
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions.html?promoid=KAUDH" id="BusinessSolutions_Seeallindustries">See all industries</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SiteHeaderDropdownLink SiteHeaderBarItem" id="shSupportLearning">
<a href="http://helpx.adobe.com/support/?promoid=KAWQK" id="shSupportLearningLink" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Support &amp; Learning</a>
<div class="SiteHeaderDropPanel SiteHeaderDropdown-Single" id="SupportLearningPanel">
<div class="SiteHeaderRow">
<p class="SiteHeaderPanelHeaderSmall">I need help</p>
<ul>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://helpx.adobe.com/support/?promoid=JZEFP" id="SupportLearning_Ineedhelp_Products">Products</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://helpx.adobe.com/creative-cloud/topics/getting-started.html?promoid=JZEFO" id="SupportLearning_Ineedhelp_AdobeCreativeCloud">Adobe Creative Cloud</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://helpx.adobe.com/marketing-cloud.html?promoid=KAWSE" id="SupportLearning_Ineedhelp_AdobeMarketingCloud">Adobe Marketing Cloud</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://forums.adobe.com/index.jspa?promoid=JZEFM" target="_blank" id="SupportLearning_Ineedhelp_Forums"><span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">Forums<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
</ul>
<p class="SiteHeaderPanelHeaderSmall">I want to learn</p>
<ul class="SiteHeaderPanelLinkNoBottom">
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://helpx.adobe.com/learning.html?promoid=KAUDK" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_Trainingandtutorials">Training and tutorials</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://training.adobe.com/certification.html?promoid=KAUDM" target="_blank" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_Certification"><span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">Certification<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/devnet.html?promoid=KAUDN" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_AdobeDeveloperConnection">Adobe Developer Connection</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/designcenter.html?promoid=KAUDO" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_AdobeDesignCenter">Adobe Design Center</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://tv.adobe.com?promoid=KFELF" target="_blank" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_AdobeTV">Adobe <span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">TV<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/solutions/digital-marketing/guides.html?promoid=KAWSF" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_AdobeMarketingCenter">Adobe Marketing Center</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://labs.adobe.com/?promoid=JZEFQ" target="_blank" id="SupportLearning_Iwanttolearn_AdobeLabs">Adobe <span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">Labs<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
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<div class="SiteHeaderDropdownLink SiteHeaderBarItem" id="shDownload">
<a href="/downloads/?promoid=KAWQL" id="shDownloadLink" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Download</a>
<div class="SiteHeaderDropPanel SiteHeaderDropdown-Single" id="DownloadPanel">
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<ul>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/downloads/?promoid=JZEFS" id="Download_Producttrials">Product trials</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/?promoid=JZEFT" id="Download_AdobeFlashPlayer">Adobe Flash Player</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://get.adobe.com/reader/?promoid=JZEFU" id="Download_AdobeReader">Adobe Reader</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://get.adobe.com/air/?promoid=JZEFV" id="Download_AdobeAIR">Adobe AIR</a></li>
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<div class="SiteHeaderDropdownLink SiteHeaderBarItem" id="shCompany">
<a href="/company.html?promoid=KAWQM" id="shCompanyLink" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Company</a>
<div class="SiteHeaderDropPanel SiteHeaderDropdown-Single" id="CompanyPanel">
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<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/aboutadobe/invrelations/?promoid=JZEFZ" id="Company_InvestorRelations">Investor Relations</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/aboutadobe/pressroom/?promoid=JZEGA" id="Company_Newsroom">Newsroom</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/privacy.html?promoid=JZEGB" id="Company_Privacy">Privacy</a></li>
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<div class="SiteHeaderDropdownLink SiteHeaderBarItem" id="shBuy">
<a href="/products/catalog/software._sl_id-contentfilter_sl_catalog_sl_software_sl_mostpopular.html?promoid=KAWQN" id="shBuyLink" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Buy</a>
<div class="SiteHeaderDropPanel SiteHeaderDropdown-Single" id="BuyPanel">
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<ul class="SiteHeaderPanelLinkNoBottom">
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/products/catalog/software.html?marketSegment=COM&promoid=KAWQO" id="Buy_Forpersonalandprofessionaluse">For personal and professional use</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/products/catalog/software._sl_id-contentfilter_sl_catalog_sl_education_sl_alledu.html?marketSegment=EDU&promoid=KAWQP" id="Buy_Forstudentseducatorsandstaff">For students, educators, and staff</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/products/small-business-pricing/software-catalog._sl_id-contentfilter_sl_catalog_sl_software_sl_creativecloudmembership.html?marketSegment=COM&promoid=JOLJE" id="Buy_Forsmallandmediumbusinesses">For small and medium businesses</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/volume-licensing.html?promoid=KAWQQ" id="Buy_VolumeLicensing">Volume Licensing</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="/products/discount-software-coupons.html?promoid=KAWQR" id="Buy_Specialoffers">Special offers</a></li>
<li class="SiteHeaderPanelLink"><a href="http://success.adobe.com/en/na/programs/rfi/dm_sales_inquiries.html?promoid=KAWSG" target="_blank" id="Buy_AdobeMarketingCloudsales">Adobe Marketing Cloud <span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindowNoWrap">sales<span class="SiteHeaderIconNewWindow"> [opens in a new window]</span></span></a></li>
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<a id="shInfo" class="SiteHeaderUserItem SiteHeaderInfo">Info</a>
<a href="/account/sign-in.adobedotcom.html" id="shSignIn" class="SiteHeaderUserItem LinkStrong">Sign in</a>
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<span class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader">Why sign in?</span>
Sign in to manage your account and access trial downloads, product extensions, community areas, and more.
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<a href="/account.html" id="shWelcome" class="SiteHeaderUserItem SiteHeaderArrow LinkStrong" style="display: none;">Welcome, <span id="screenName"></span></a>
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<div class="SiteHeaderPopPanel" id="WelcomePanel" style="display: none;">
<div class="SiteHeaderPanelRow SiteHeaderPanelLink" id="shMyAccount">
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<a class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader" href="/go/gnavtray_myadobe_myorders_en_us">My orders</a>
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<a class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader" href="/go/gnavtray_myadobe_myinformation_en_us">My information</a>
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<div class="SiteHeaderPanelRow SiteHeaderPanelLink" id="shMyPreferences">
<a class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader" href="/go/gnavtray_myadobe_mypreferences_en_us">My preferences</a>
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<div class="SiteHeaderPanelRow SiteHeaderPanelLink" id="shMyProductsServices">
<a class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader" href="/go/gnavtray_myadobe_myproducts_services_en_us">My products and services</a>
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<div class="SiteHeaderPanelRow SiteHeaderPanelLink" id="shSignOut">
<a class="SiteHeaderPanelHeader" id="shSignOutLink" href="/cfusion/membership/logout.cfm">Sign out</a>
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<a href="/go/gnav_mycart_en_us" id="shMyCart" class="SiteHeaderUserItem SiteHeaderCart">My cart<span id="cartQuantity"></span></a>
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<a href="/privacy.html" id="shPrivacy" class="SiteHeaderUserItem">Privacy</a>
<a href="/go/gnav_myadobe_en_us" id="shMyAdobe" class="SiteHeaderUserItem">My Adobe</a>
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<div id="SiteHeaderMobile" class="SiteHeaderMobile LayoutHidden LayoutSlim Text TextSmall">
<a href="/go/gnav_adobe_logo_en_us" id="shHomeMobile" class="SiteHeaderHome SiteHeaderHomeMobile">Adobe</a>
<div class="SiteHeaderBar SiteHeaderBarMobile" id="shBarMobile">
<span class="SiteHeaderBarItemMobile SiteHeaderBarItemMobileNoLeftBorder" id="shProductsMobileSpan"><a href="/go/gnav_products_en_us" id="shProductsMobile" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Products</a></span>
<span class="SiteHeaderBarItemMobile" id="shSectionsMobileSpan"><a href="#" id="shSectionsMobile" class="SiteHeaderArrowMobile SiteHeaderBarLink">Sections</a></span>
<span class="SiteHeaderBarItemMobile" id="shSectionsMobileBuy"><a href="/go/gnav_store_en_us" id="shBuyMobile" class="SiteHeaderBarLink">Buy</a></span>
<span class="SiteHeaderBarItemMobile SiteHeaderBarItemMobileNoRightBorder SiteHeaderBarItemMobileNoPadding">&nbsp;</span>
<span class="SiteHeaderBarItemMobile SiteHeaderBarItemMobileNoRightBorder SiteHeaderBarItemFloatRight" id="shSearchMobileSpan"><a href="/go/gnav_search" id="shSearchMobile" class="SiteHeaderSearchButtonMobile">Search</a></span>
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<div class="SiteHeaderUser">
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<a href="/privacy.html" id="shPrivacyMobile" class="SiteHeaderUserItem SiteHeaderUserItemMobile">Privacy</a>
<a href="/go/gnav_myadobe_en_us" id="shMyAdobeMobile" class="SiteHeaderUserItem SiteHeaderUserItemMobile">My Adobe</a>
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Flex Developer Center</a>
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Flex mobile skins – Part 1: Optimized skinning basics</h1>
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by&nbsp;<a href="/devnet/author_bios/jason_san_jose.html">Jason San Jose</a></h2>
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Comparing the Spark and Mobile themes</a>
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Button skin tutorial overview</a>
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Tutorial step 1: Create the FXG graphic</a>
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Tutorial step 2: Create the skin class</a>
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Tutorial Step 3: Test</a>
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FXG tips and tricks</a>
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Where to go from here</a>
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<h2 class="TextH5 LayoutSmallRow">Created</h2>
<p>3 May 2011</p>
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Prerequisite knowledge</h3>
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<p>Familiarity with ActionScript and Flex 4.0 Spark skinning is recommended, as is some experience with Adobe Illustrator.</p>
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User level</h3>
<p class="LayoutRowBottom">Intermediate</p>
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<p>The mobile-optimized skins provided in Flex 4.5 are designed with touch interaction, performance, and memory usage in mind. Despite the relatively powerful devices available on the market today, typical Spark skins (including the default skins introduced in Flex 4) do not perform well enough for real world use on mobile devices. The Adobe mobile-optimized skins are built to balance two opposing goals: overall performance and ease of skin creation. While MXML skins are usable to a certain extent, Adobe recommends following a few simple guidelines to ensure that Flex 4.5 mobile applications meet your performance expectations as well as your users' performance expectations.</p>
<p>This is the first in a series of articles covering mobile skinning for Flex 4.5.</p>
<p>This article covers the basics of creating mobile-optimized skins including:</p>
<ul>
<li>Differences between the Spark theme and the Mobile theme</li>
<li>Performance optimizations built into the MobileSkin base class</li>
<li>Using FXG instead of MXML graphics</li>
<li>Creating a custom Button skin based on the Mobile theme ButtonSkin class</li>
<li>Follow-up articles in this series will cover more advanced topics including:</li>
<li>Creating new skins based using the MobileSkin base class</li>
<li>Creating density-aware skins that adapt to all screen sizes</li>
<li>Creating custom themes per platform using CSS media queries</li>
</ul>
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<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader"></a>
Comparing the Spark and Mobile themes</h3>
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<p>The Mobile theme is essentially a subset of the functionality introduced with the Spark theme in Flex 4. The Mobile theme makes critical optimizations for performance and memory use.</p>
<h4>MobileSkin base class</h4>
<p>Spark skins typically subclass Skin (which extends Group) or SparkSkin (which extends Skin). Skins in the Mobile theme use a new MobileSkin base class, which extends UIComponent. </p>
<h4>States</h4>
<p>States support in MobileSkin is one major feature that is optimized for mobile development. Normal usage of states (in MXML or procedurally in ActionScript) adds memory and performance overhead costs. MobileSkin optimizes this by manually handling state changes in procedural code instead of using the State class and its associated overrides, such as <code>SetProperty</code> and <code>AddChild</code> . </p>
<h4>Layout</h4>
<p>Since MobileSkin is not a Group, it cannot employ Spark layouts such as HorizontalLayout, VerticalLayout, or even BasicLayout for use with constraint-based layouts.</p>
<p>Instead, contents of a MobileSkin are laid out manually through programmatic code. MobileSkin adds a new lifecycle method, <code>layoutContents(),</code> which is called from <code>updateDisplayList()</code> . This method is used to position child elements of the skin. </p>
<h4>FXG vs. MXML Graphics</h4>
<p>Graphics for skins in the Mobile theme rely on a combination of compiled FXG and programmatic ActionScript drawing. Drawing code is only used for trivial graphics or when required to support styling. All other graphics are done with compiled FXG for optimized performance. MXML graphics are not an option with the MobileSkin base class unless they are nested in a Group.</p>
<h4>Text</h4>
<p>The Mobile theme does not use the Flash Text Engine (FTE) or the Text Layout Framework (TLF) in the default skins. This is primarily for performance reasons and to support native predictive text input and editing.</p>
<p>Instead, Flex 4.5 introduces a new StyleableTextField primitive found in mobilecomponents.swc. This class extends TextField and adds support for styles. It is designed to be used in mobile ActionScript skins and item renderers only and is not intended for use in MXML. </p>
<p>When using StyleableTextField and Label (based on FTE) simultaneously, developers must embed fonts twice. Label uses <code>embedAsCFF=true</code> while TextField and StyleableTextField use <code>embedAsCFF=false</code> .</p>
<p>Adobe also recommends against using the RichEditableText component in mobile projects. Use the TextArea component instead.</p>
<h4>MXML vs. ActionScript</h4>
<p>Because MobileSkin removes many of the main declarative features of MXML skins (states, layout, and MXML Graphics), Adobe recommends that skins are written in ActionScript. Without these three features, there is only a small benefit to using MXML for declarative markup. </p>
<p><b>Note:</b> In Flash Builder, Design View can render MXML skins from source or compiled ActionScript skins from SWCs in the library path or theme. Design View cannot render ActionScript skins from source.</p>
<h4>Unsupported global styles</h4>
<p>The Mobile theme omits some styles based on one or more of the above constraints. Those styles include:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>rollOverColor</code> – Not supported as touch-based interfaces are the main use case.</li>
<li><code>borderAlpha</code> , <code>borderColor</code> , <code>cornerRadius</code> – Not supported as these parameters are properties of compiled FXG and are not changed at runtime.</li>
<li><code>dropShadowVisible</code> – Not supported to minimize use of filters for performance.</li>
<li>Flash Builder correctly shows and hides style properties in MXML and CSS editors based on the current theme selection.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Components to Avoid for Mobile</h4>
<p>Some Spark components do not have a skin in the Mobile theme for various reasons. For example, the component may have limited utility in a mobile UI or it simply was not targeted for the Flex 4.5 release and will be optimized for mobile in a subsequent release of Flex. Such components include:</p>
<ul>
<li>ComboBox and DropDownList</li>
<li>NumericStepper</li>
<li>ToggleButton</li>
<li>VideoDisplay and VideoPlayer</li>
<li>VSlider</li>
<li>Panel</li>
<li>TabBar (the component used in TabbedViewNavigator is actually a ButtonBar)</li>
<li>TitleWindow</li>
</ul>
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Button skin tutorial overview</h3>
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<p>One of the best places to start skinning is to create a custom Button skin based on the default Button skin. To keep things simple, this example does not take screen DPI into account. I'll discuss these considerations later in this article series. </p>
<p>First, using Adobe Illustrator CS5, you'll create an FXG file for the Button graphics. This one file will represent both the <code>up</code> and <code>down</code> skin states of the Button component. Since you are targeting touch input, you won't create an <code>over</code> state.</p>
<p>Second, you'll add <code>chromeColor</code> style support by overriding the <code>drawBackground()</code> method of MobileSkin. Alternatively, you can hard code static background colors into separate up and down graphics and override <code>drawBackground()</code> to do nothing. The <code>disabled</code> state will simply change the <code>alpha</code> property of the <code>up</code> state. This functionality is already built-in to the mobile ButtonSkin.</p>
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<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_1"></a>
Tutorial step 1: Create the FXG graphic</h3>
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<p>Depending on your preference, you can use Adobe Flash Professional, Adobe Illustrator, or Adobe Fireworks to create the FXG. You can also edit the FXG by hand in Flash Builder, and then visually verify the results by referencing the FXG in an MXML file and using Design View to render it.</p>
<h4>Using Illustrator to create the FXG</h4>
<p>This example uses Illustrator to create a pill-shaped Button graphic. </p>
<ol>
<li>In Illustrator, choose File &gt; New.</li>
<li>Type a name for the graphic; for example, <b>RoundedButtonExport</b>.</li>
<li>Set the New Document Profile to Flash Catalyst.</li>
<li>Set the size to typical phone dimensions, 480 px x 800 px (just for context).</li>
<li>Click OK</li>
<li>Use the Rectangle Tool to create a rectangle with a gray stroke and gradient fill.</li>
<li>In the Stroke panel, find Align Stroke and select the middle option for Align Stroke To Inside. By default, strokes align to center. I'll discuss why it's a good idea to avoid this default behavior later in the article.</li>
<li>Change the X and Y positions to 0</li>
<li><i> </i>With the rectangle selected, choose Effect &gt; Stylize &gt; Round Corners.</li>
<li>Specify a corner radius of 22 px.</li>
<li>Save as FXG without private data.</li>
</ol>
<h4>Cleaning up the FXG</h4>
<p>After exporting the FXG file, you may prefer to clean up any unnecessary markup like extra Group tags or private namespace data. This step is not necessary, but it helps to make FXG more human-readable.</p>
<p><b>RoundedButtonExport.fxg</b></p>
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&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;Path winding=&#034;nonZero&#034; ai:seqID=&#034;6&#034; data=&#034;M198 1C209.58 1 219 10.4204 219 22 219 33.5796 209.58 43 198 43L22 43C10.4204 43 1 33.5796 1 22 1 10.4204 10.4204 1 22 1L198 1M198 0 22 0C9.8999 0 0 9.8999 0 22 0 34.1001 9.8999 44 22 44L198 44C210.1 44 220 34.1001 220 22 220 9.8999 210.1 0 198
0L198 0Z&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;SolidColor color=&#034;#DDDDDD&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;/Group&gt;
&lt;/Group&gt;
&lt;/Group&gt;
&lt;/Group&gt;
&lt;Private/&gt;
&lt;/Graphic&gt;
</code>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_3" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p><b>RoundedButtonCleanup.fxg</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_codeblock_0" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase codeblock compbase section"><div class="PanelFillLight PanelBevelTop LayoutCell LayoutRow">
<code class="CodeBlock">&lt;?xml version=&#034;1.0&#034; encoding=&#034;utf-8&#034; ?&gt;
&lt;Graphic version=&#034;2.0&#034; xmlns=&#034;http://ns.adobe.com/fxg/2008&#034;&gt;
&lt;Path x=&#034;0.5&#034; y=&#034;1&#034; winding=&#034;nonZero&#034; data=&#034;M21.5 43C9.64502 43 0 33.355 0 21.5 0 9.64502 9.64502 0 21.5 0L197.5 0C209.355 0 219 9.64502 219 21.5 219 33.355 209.355 43 197.5 43L21.5 43Z&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;LinearGradient x=&#034;109.5&#034; y=&#034;0&#034; scaleX=&#034;43&#034; rotation=&#034;90&#034;&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0&#034; color=&#034;#F0F0F0&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0.478788&#034; color=&#034;#C8C8C8&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0.50303&#034; color=&#034;#BBBBBB&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;1&#034; color=&#034;#F0F0F0&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/LinearGradient&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;Path winding=&#034;nonZero&#034; data=&#034;M198 1C209.58 1 219 10.4204 219 22 219 33.5796 209.58 43 198 43L22 43C10.4204 43 1 33.5796 1 22 1 10.4204 10.4204 1 22 1L198 1M198 0 22 0C9.8999 0 0 9.8999 0 22 0 34.1001 9.8999 44 22 44L198 44C210.1 44 220 34.1001 220 22 220 9.8999 210.1 0 198
0L198 0Z&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;SolidColor color=&#034;#DDDDDD&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;/Graphic&gt;
</code>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_4" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<h4>Testing the FXG</h4>
<p>After exporting and cleaning up the FXG, you can quickly validate how it will be rendered by dropping the component into an MXML file and previewing it in Design View.</p>
<p>To try this, follow these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Create a new project (named whatever you like) in Flash Builder.</li>
<li>Add the FXG file to your project source folder.</li>
<li>Switch to Design View.</li>
</ol>
<p>The components panel will show FXG files as custom components.</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>Drag and drop the component onto the design area. You’ll see the FXG rendered at its natural size.</li>
<li>While in Design view, try resizing the FXG width.</li>
</ol>
<p>You’ll notice that the rounded corners are stretching horizontally (see Figure 1). What you really want is the shape of the corners to stay the same and instead let the middle section of the graphic stretch. To accomplish this, you need to add scale grid information to the FXG.&nbsp;</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_image" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase image section"><div class="LayoutRow LayoutCellSides">
<img title="Missing scale grid data. " alt="Missing scale grid data. " class="cq-dd-image LayoutImage LayoutRow " src="devnet/flex/articles/mobile-skinning-part1/fig01.jpg"/></div>
<div class="TextSmall LayoutCellSides LayoutRowTop LayoutBigRowBottom">
Figure 1. Missing scale grid data. </div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_5" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<h4>Adding scale grids manually</h4>
<p>You’ll need to add left, right, top and bottom scale grid positions in order for scaling to work as expected. Since you used the Round Corners stylize option, you know that the radius in this case is 22px. Given this information, you can make the following changes to the FXG file after opening it in Flash Builder:</p>
<ol>
<li>Add <code>scaleGridLeft=&quot;22&quot;</code>, and &nbsp;&nbsp;<code>scaleGridRight=&quot;198px&quot;</code> (the full graphic width is 220px) to the root <code>&lt;Graphic&gt;</code> tag.</li>
</ol>
<p>You also want to make sure the border stroke doesn’t scale.</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>For this graphic, &nbsp;add <code>scaleGridTop=&quot;1px&quot;</code> and <code>scaleGridBottom=&quot;43px&quot;</code> (the full graphic height is 44px) to the same tag.</li>
</ol>
<p></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> For some graphics, it can be difficult to find the exact cut-off point of an arbitrary path. For those cases, use the selection tool in Illustrator and hover over an anchor point to find its coordinates (see Figure 2).</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_image_0" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase image section"><div class="LayoutRow LayoutCellSides">
<img title="Finding anchor coordinates." alt="Finding anchor coordinates." class="cq-dd-image LayoutImage LayoutRow " src="devnet/flex/articles/mobile-skinning-part1/fig02.jpg"/></div>
<div class="TextSmall LayoutCellSides LayoutRowTop LayoutBigRowBottom">
Figure 2. Finding anchor coordinates.</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_6" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>After adding scale grid data on the root Graphic tag, if you try the new FXG in Design View, you’ll notice nothing has changed. The scale grid didn’t take effect because the path data doesn’t fill the full dimensions of the graphic.</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>To fix this, add a transparent Rect to occupy the full Graphic space as shown below.</li>
<li>Save your changes as RoundedButton.fxg.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_7" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p><b>RoundedButton.fxg</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_codeblock_1" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase codeblock compbase section"><div class="PanelFillLight PanelBevelTop LayoutCell LayoutRow">
<code class="CodeBlock">&lt;?xml version=&#034;1.0&#034; encoding=&#034;utf-8&#034; ?&gt;
&lt;Graphic version=&#034;2.0&#034; xmlns=&#034;http://ns.adobe.com/fxg/2008&#034; scaleGridLeft=&#034;22&#034; scaleGridRight=&#034;198&#034; scaleGridTop=”1” scaleGridBottom=”43”&gt;
&lt;Path x=&#034;0.5&#034; y=&#034;1&#034; winding=&#034;nonZero&#034; data=&#034;M21.5 43C9.64502 43 0 33.355 0 21.5 0 9.64502 9.64502 0 21.5 0L197.5 0C209.355 0 219 9.64502 219 21.5 219 33.355 209.355 43 197.5 43L21.5 43Z&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;LinearGradient x=&#034;109.5&#034; y=&#034;0&#034; scaleX=&#034;43&#034; rotation=&#034;90&#034;&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0&#034; color=&#034;#F0F0F0&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0.478788&#034; color=&#034;#C8C8C8&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;0.50303&#034; color=&#034;#BBBBBB&#034;/&gt;
&lt;GradientEntry ratio=&#034;1&#034; color=&#034;#F0F0F0&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/LinearGradient&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;Path winding=&#034;nonZero&#034; data=&#034;M198 1C209.58 1 219 10.4204 219 22 219 33.5796 209.58 43 198 43L22 43C10.4204 43 1 33.5796 1 22 1 10.4204 10.4204 1 22 1L198 1M198 0 22 0C9.8999 0 0 9.8999 0 22 0
34.1001 9.8999 44 22 44L198 44C210.1 44 220 34.1001 220 22 220 9.8999 210.1 0 198
0L198 0Z&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;SolidColor color=&#034;#DDDDDD&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Path&gt;
&lt;!-- scale grid fix --&gt;
&lt;Rect x=&#034;0&#034; y=&#034;0&#034; width=&#034;220&#034; height=&#034;44&#034;&gt;
&lt;fill&gt;
&lt;SolidColor color=&#034;#000000&#034; alpha=&#034;0&#034;/&gt;
&lt;/fill&gt;
&lt;/Rect&gt;
&lt;/Graphic&gt;
</code>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_8" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>In Design View the button will now scale properly (see Figure 3).</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_image_1" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase image section"><div class="LayoutRow LayoutCellSides">
<img title="The component after adding the scale grid." alt="The component after adding the scale grid." class="cq-dd-image LayoutImage LayoutRow " src="devnet/flex/articles/mobile-skinning-part1/fig03.jpg"/></div>
<div class="TextSmall LayoutCellSides LayoutRowTop LayoutBigRowBottom">
Figure 3. The component after adding the scale grid.</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_2" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase compbase numberedheader section"><h3 class="TextH3 LayoutCellSides LayoutRow">
<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_2"></a>
Tutorial step 2: Create the skin class</h3>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_9" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>The process of creating a new Button skin based on the provided Mobile theme ButtonSkin comprises three main steps.</p>
<ol>
<li>Create a subclass of spark.skins.mobile.ButtonSkin.</li>
<li>In the constructor, assign <code>upBorderSkin</code> and <code>downBorderSkin</code> to the FXG Class. Note that these properties are typed as Class, not an instance of your FXG. Also assign <code>measuredDefaultHeight</code> and <code>measuredDefaultWidth</code> to the dimensions of the FXG (see the code snippet below for an example).</li>
<li>Use CSS or MXML to assign <code>skinClass</code> to Button, to use your new Button skin.</li>
</ol>
<p><b>Note:</b> The sample files for this project include RoundedButtonSkinProject.fxp, which you can import into Flash Builder to see how a complete application, including the skin, is implemented.</p>
<p>To support the <code>chromeColor</code> style, you have three basic options:</p>
<ul>
<li>Don't support <code>chromeColor</code> – Override <code>drawBackground()</code> to do nothing</li>
<li>Draw <code>chromeColor</code> to match the FXG shape – Override <code>drawBackground()</code> and programmatically draw <code>chromeColor</code> . Add alpha to the FXG so that the <code>chromeColor</code> is visible.</li>
<li>Tint the FXG – Override <code>drawBackground()</code> and use the helper function <code>applyColorTransform()</code> to tint the FXG from its <i>base</i> color to the specified <code>chromeColor</code> .</li>
</ul>
<p>This example uses the third option, tinting. </p>
<p>The code below is the final version of the skin.</p>
<p><b>RoundedButtonSkin.as</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_codeblock_2" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase codeblock compbase section"><div class="PanelFillLight PanelBevelTop LayoutCell LayoutRow">
<code class="CodeBlock">package skins
{
import skins.assets.RoundedButton;
import spark.skins.mobile.ButtonSkin;
public class RoundedButtonSkin extends ButtonSkin
{
private var colorized:Boolean = false;
public function RoundedButtonSkin()
{
super();
// replace FXG asset classes
upBorderSkin = skins.assets.RoundedButton;
downBorderSkin = skins.assets.RoundedButton;
measuredDefaultHeight = 44;
measuredDefaultWidth = 220;
}
override protected function drawBackground(unscaledWidth:Number, unscaledHeight:Number):void
{
// omit call to super.drawBackground() to apply tint instead and don&#039;t draw fill
var chromeColor:uint = getStyle(&#034;chromeColor&#034;);
if (colorized || (chromeColor != 0xDDDDDD))
{
// apply tint instead of fill
applyColorTransform(border, 0xDDDDDD, chromeColor);
// if we restore to original color, unset colorized
colorized = (chromeColor != 0xDDDDDD);
}
}
}
}
</code>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_3" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase compbase numberedheader section"><h3 class="TextH3 LayoutCellSides LayoutRow">
<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_3"></a>
Tutorial Step 3: Test</h3>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_10" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>The code below assigns the custom RoundedButtonSkin to be the default skin for buttons. To demonstrate <code>chromeColor</code> support and advanced CSS, I've added some down state-specific styles.</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_codeblock_3" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase codeblock compbase section"><div class="PanelFillLight PanelBevelTop LayoutCell LayoutRow">
<code class="CodeBlock">&lt;fx:Style&gt;
@namespace s &#034;library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark&#034;;
s|Button
{
skinClass: ClassReference(&#034;skins.RoundedButtonSkin&#034;);
}
s|Button:down
{
chromeColor: #0000FF;
color: #FFFFFF;
textShadowColor: #000000;
}
&lt;/fx:Style&gt;
</code>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_11" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>After adding some Buttons to your application, you should see the new skin and its up and down skin states (see Figure 4). The down skin state shows that the advanced CSS style rule is in effect.</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_image_2" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase image section"><div class="LayoutRow LayoutCellSides">
<img title="Buttons with the new custom skin." alt="Buttons with the new custom skin." class="cq-dd-image LayoutImage LayoutRow " src="devnet/flex/articles/mobile-skinning-part1/fig04.jpg"/></div>
<div class="TextSmall LayoutCellSides LayoutRowTop LayoutBigRowBottom">
Figure 4. Buttons with the new custom skin.</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_4" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase compbase numberedheader section"><h3 class="TextH3 LayoutCellSides LayoutRow">
<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_4"></a>
FXG tips and tricks</h3>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_12" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>When working with FXG, keep the following tips in mind.</p>
<h4>Path vs. shape primitives</h4>
<p>Path data may not be easy to read, but in some cases, paths will render with fewer anti-aliasing artifacts. Your mileage may vary. If you get hard-to-read path data from Illustrator, resist the urge to simplify to shape primitives right away. </p>
<h4>blendMode</h4>
<p>By default, on graphic elements, <code>blendMode</code> is set to <code>auto</code> . When you use <code>auto</code> , the Flash Player or AIR runtime will correctly figure out whether or not the element needs to use the layer <code>blendMode</code> based on the <code>alpha</code> value.</p>
<h4>Avoid strokes when possible</h4>
<p>By default, strokes will straddle the shape edges (for example, when using Align Stroke To Center in Illustrator).</p>
<p>For example, take a vertical line from (0,0) to (0,100) with a 1px wide stroke. That stroke will stretch in the x-axis from -.5 to .5. However, since nothing can be drawn at a fractional pixel, Flash will draw an anti-aliased line two pixels wide to approximate the fractional position. To counteract this anti-aliasing, place your shapes with odd numbered stroke weights on a half pixel boundary. For example, a Rect with a <code>SolidColorStroke</code> of weight <code>1</code> at (10,10) should be placed at (10.5,10.5) instead.</p>
<p>If possible, use a filled Rect in place of a stroked Rect or Line. If you have a Rect with a <code>fill</code> and a <code>stroke</code> , then try to split it into two filled Rects (assuming that the fill is completely opaque). If you have a Line, try turning it into a filled Rect. For example, if you have a horizontal Line, create a filled Rect with a height equal to the Line's stroke weight.</p>
<h4>Scale grid</h4>
<p>Scale grids have some limitations that must be considered when designing graphics using FXG.</p>
<p>Scale grid values must be inside the boundaries of the graphic and must not overlap (that is, left boundary &lt; <code>scaleGridLeft</code> &lt; <code>scaleGridRight</code> &lt; right boundary).</p>
<p>Scale grids will not work if the graphic contains any Group elements.</p>
<p>Scale grids will not work if elements have <code>alpha</code> applied. Instead, apply <code>alpha</code> to the <code>stroke</code> and <code>fill</code> elements.</p>
<h4>FXG specification</h4>
<p>For complete details on FXG, see FXG 2.0 - Functional and Design Specification. </p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_5" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase compbase numberedheader section"><h3 class="TextH3 LayoutCellSides LayoutRow">
<a id="articlecontentAdobe_numberedheader_5"></a>
Where to go from here</h3>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_text_13" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="text parbase section"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p>As a mobile skin developer, you should take some time to familiarize yourself with the MobileSkin base class and the default mobile skins found in the Flex 4.5 SDK source. You can find the source files in your Flash Builder install location; for example, <kbd>/Adobe Flash Builder 4.5/sdks/4.5.0/frameworks/projects/mobiletheme</kbd>.</p>
<p><a href="/devnet/flex/articles/mobile-skinning-part2.html">The next article</a> in this series will cover the process for creating DPI-aware skins to scale across multiple screen sizes. The final article will address using CSS media queries to create custom themes based on the target platform.</p>
</div>
</div>
<a name="articlecontentAdobe_reference" style="visibility:hidden"></a><div class="parbase section reference"><div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="text parbase"><div class="Semantic LayoutCellSides LayoutBreakAfter TextMedium TextBreak">
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img src="http://cookbooks.adobe.com/resources/images/license_creative_commons.png" alt="Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License"></a>+<a target="_blank" href="/communities/guidelines/ccplus/commercialcode_plus_permission.html"><img src="http://cookbooks.adobe.com/resources/images/license_adobe.jpg" alt="Adobe Commercial Rights"></a></p>
<p>This work is licensed under a <a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License</a>. Permissions beyond the scope of this license, pertaining to the examples of code included within this work are available at <a target="_blank" href="/communities/guidelines/ccplus/commercialcode_plus_permission.html">Adobe</a>.</p>
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