en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/index.xml

<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Apache Dubbo – Dubbo Configuration</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/</link><description>Recent content in Dubbo Configuration on Apache Dubbo</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>en</language><atom:link href="https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Docs: XML Configuration</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/xml/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/xml/</guid><description>
&lt;blockquote>
&lt;p>About the XML configuration items, see：&lt;a href="https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/references/xml/">XML References&lt;/a>. If you prefer use API directly instead of using Spring, see &lt;a href="../api">API Configuration&lt;/a>. Want an example of how to use configuration, see &lt;a href="../../quick-start">Quick Start&lt;/a>.&lt;/p>
&lt;/blockquote>
&lt;h2 id="providerxml-demo">provider.xml demo&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;?xml version=&amp;#34;1.0&amp;#34; encoding=&amp;#34;UTF-8&amp;#34;?&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;beans&lt;/span> xmlns=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xmlns:xsi=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xmlns:dubbo=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xsi:schemaLocation=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:application&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;hello-world-app&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:registry&lt;/span> address=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;multicast://224.5.6.7:1234&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;dubbo&amp;#34;&lt;/span> port=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;20880&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:service&lt;/span> interface=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.demo.DemoService&amp;#34;&lt;/span> ref=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;demoServiceLocal&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:reference&lt;/span> id=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;demoServiceRemote&amp;#34;&lt;/span> interface=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.demo.DemoService&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;/beans&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>All tags support custom parameters, so we can meet the special config requirements at different extension points, such as:&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;jms&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:parameter&lt;/span> key=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;queue&amp;#34;&lt;/span> value=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;your_queue&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;/dubbo:protocol&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>Or:&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;beans&lt;/span> xmlns=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xmlns:xsi=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xmlns:dubbo=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xmlns:p=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/p&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> xsi:schemaLocation=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;jms&amp;#34;&lt;/span> p:queue=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;your_queue&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;/beans&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="the-relations-between-configuration-tags">The relations between configuration tags&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>&lt;img src="https://dubbo.apache.org/imgs/user/dubbo-config.jpg" alt="dubbo-config">&lt;/p>
&lt;table>
&lt;thead>
&lt;tr>
&lt;th>tag&lt;/th>
&lt;th>purpose&lt;/th>
&lt;th>introduction&lt;/th>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;/thead>
&lt;tbody>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:service/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Service Export&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Used to export service, define service metadata, export service with multiple protocols, register service to multiple registries&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:reference/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Service Reference&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Used to create a remote proxy, subscribe to multiple registries&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Protocol Config&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Configure the protocol for services on provider side, the consumer side follows.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:application/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Application Config&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Applies to both provider and consumer.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:module/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Module Config&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Optional.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:registry/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Registry Center&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Registry info: address, protocol, etc.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:monitor/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Monitor Center&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Monitor info: address, address, etc. Optional.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:provider/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Default Config for Providers&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Default Config for ServiceConfigs. Optional.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:consumer/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Default Config for Consumers&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Default Config for ReferenceConfigs. Optional.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:method/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Method level Config&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Method level Config for ServiceConfig and ReferenceConfig.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;tr>
&lt;td>&lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:argument/&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Argument Config&lt;/td>
&lt;td>Used to specify the method parameter configuration.&lt;/td>
&lt;/tr>
&lt;/tbody>
&lt;/table>
&lt;h2 id="overrides-and-priorities">Overrides and Priorities&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Take timeout as an example, here is the priorities, from high to low (retries, loadbalance, actives also applies the same rule):&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>method level，interface level，default/global level。&lt;/li>
&lt;li>at the same level, consumer has higher priority than provider&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Configurations on the provider side are passed to the consumer side through registry in the form of URL.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>&lt;img src="https://dubbo.apache.org/imgs/user/dubbo-config-override.jpg" alt="dubbo-config-override">&lt;/p>
&lt;p>It is recommended that the provider set a timeout for every service, because the provider knows exactly how long a method needs to be executed. If a consumer cites multiple services at the same time, it doesn&amp;rsquo;t need to care about the timeout settings of each service.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Theoretically, almost all configuration items supported in ReferenceConfig can be configured with a default value using ConsumerConfig, ServiceConfig, ProviderConfig.&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Requires spring &lt;code>3.2.16+&lt;/code>, see announcement for details：&lt;code>xmlns:p=&amp;quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/p&amp;quot;&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>The reference bean obeys lazy init by default, only if it is refered by other beans or other instance try to get its instance using &lt;code>getBean()&lt;/code> method will the reference be initialized. If you need eager init, config this way: &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:reference ... init=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol></description></item><item><title>Docs: Properties Configuration</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/properties/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/properties/</guid><description>
&lt;p>If your application is simple enough, say, you do not need multi-registries or multi-protocols, and you want to share configuration among Spring containers. You can use &lt;code>dubbo.properties&lt;/code> as default configuration.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Dubbo will load dubbo.properties under the root of classpath automatically, you can also specify the path for loading this file by using JVM parameter: &lt;code>-Ddubbo.properties.file=xxx.properties&lt;/code>.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="mapping-rules">Mapping Rules&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Combine the tag name and attribute name of the XML tag, use &lt;code>.&lt;/code> to split. One property per line.&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>&lt;code>dubbo.application.name=foo&lt;/code> equals to &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:application name=&amp;quot;foo&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;code>dubbo.registry.address=10.20.153.10:9090&lt;/code> equals to &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:registry address=&amp;quot;10.20.153.10:9090&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; &lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>If you have more than one tags in a XML configuration, you can use the &lt;code>id&lt;/code> value to distinguish. If you don&amp;rsquo;t specify a id, ti will applied to all tags.&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>&lt;code>dubbo.protocol.rmi.port=1099&lt;/code> equals to &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol id=&amp;quot;rmi&amp;quot; name=&amp;quot;rmi&amp;quot; port=&amp;quot;1099&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; &lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;code>dubbo.registry.china.address=10.20.153.10:9090&lt;/code> equals to &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:registry id=&amp;quot;china&amp;quot; address=&amp;quot;10.20.153.10:9090&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Here is a typical dubbo.properties demo configuration：&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">foo&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.owner&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">bar&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registry.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">10.20.153.10:9090&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="overrides-and-priorities">Overrides and Priorities&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>&lt;img src="https://dubbo.apache.org/imgs/user/dubbo-properties-override.jpg" alt="properties-override">&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Priorities from high to low:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>JVM -D parameters, you can easily override configuration when deploying or starting applications, e.g., change the port of dubbo protocol.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>XML, the properties present in XML will override that in dubbo.properties.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>Properties, the default value, only works when it is not configured with XML or JVM.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>1: If more than one dubbo.properties under classpath, say, two jars contains dubbo.properties separately, Dubbo will arbitarily choose one to to load, and log Error info.&lt;br>
2: If &lt;code>id&lt;/code> not configured on &lt;code>protocol&lt;/code>, will use &lt;code>name&lt;/code> property as default&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>Docs: API Configuration</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/api/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/api/</guid><description>
&lt;blockquote>
&lt;p>All API properties have counterparts in XML, see &lt;a href="../../references/xml/">XML References&lt;/a> for details. For example &lt;code>ApplicationConfig.setName(&amp;quot;xxx&amp;quot;)&lt;/code> equals to &lt;code>&amp;lt;dubbo:application name=&amp;quot;xxx&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;/code> &lt;sup id="fnref:1">&lt;a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">1&lt;/a>&lt;/sup>&lt;/p>
&lt;/blockquote>
&lt;h2 id="provider-side">Provider Side&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ApplicationConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.RegistryConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ProviderConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ServiceConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> com.xxx.XxxService;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> com.xxx.XxxServiceImpl;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Implementation&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>XxxService xxxService &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> XxxServiceImpl();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Application Info&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ApplicationConfig application &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ApplicationConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>application.setName(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;xxx&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Registry Info&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>RegistryConfig registry &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> RegistryConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setAddress(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;10.20.130.230:9090&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setUsername(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;aaa&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setPassword(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;bbb&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Protocol&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ProtocolConfig protocol &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ProtocolConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>protocol.setName(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;dubbo&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>protocol.setPort(12345);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>protocol.setThreads(200);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// NOTES: ServiceConfig holds the serversocket instance and keeps connections to registry, please cache it for performance.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Exporting&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ServiceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> service &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ServiceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>(); &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// In case of memory leak, please cache.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setApplication(application);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setRegistry(registry); &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Use setRegistries() for multi-registry case&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setProtocol(protocol); &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Use setProtocols() for multi-protocol case&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setInterface(XxxService.class);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setRef(xxxService);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.setVersion(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;1.0.0&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Local export and register&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>service.export();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="consumer-side">Consumer Side&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ApplicationConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.RegistryConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ConsumerConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> org.apache.dubbo.rpc.config.ReferenceConfig;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#719e07">import&lt;/span> com.xxx.XxxService;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Application Info&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ApplicationConfig application &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ApplicationConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>application.setName(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;yyy&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Registry Info&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>RegistryConfig registry &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> RegistryConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setAddress(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;10.20.130.230:9090&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setUsername(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;aaa&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>registry.setPassword(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;bbb&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// NOTES: ReferenceConfig holds the connections to registry and providers, please cache it for performance.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Refer remote service&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> reference &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>(); &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// In case of memory leak, please cache.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setApplication(application);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setRegistry(registry);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setInterface(XxxService.class);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setVersion(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;1.0.0&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Use xxxService just like a local bean&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>XxxService xxxService &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> reference.get(); &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// NOTES: Please cache this proxy instance.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="specials">Specials&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Only care about the differences:&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="configuration-of-method-level">Configuration of Method level&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>...
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Method level config&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>List&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>MethodConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> methods &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ArrayList&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>MethodConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>MethodConfig method &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> MethodConfig();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>method.setName(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;createXxx&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>method.setTimeout(10000);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>method.setRetries(0);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>methods.add(method);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// Referring&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> reference &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>...
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setMethods(methods);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>...
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="peer-to-peer">Peer to Peer&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>...
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> reference &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ReferenceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>XxxService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75">// If you know the address of the provider and want to bypass the registry, use `reference.setUrl()` to specify the provider directly. Refer [How to Invoke a specific provider](../demos/explicit-target/) for details.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>reference.setUrl(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;dubbo://10.20.130.230:20880/com.xxx.XxxService&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>...
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
&lt;hr>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li id="fn:1">
&lt;p>When should we usd API: API is very useful for integrating with systems like OpenAPI, ESB, Test, Mock, etc. General Providers and Consumers, we still recommend use &lt;a href="../xml">XML Configuration&lt;/a>.&amp;#160;&lt;a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">&amp;#x21a9;&amp;#xfe0e;&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;/div></description></item><item><title>Docs: Annotation Configuration</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/annotation/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/annotation/</guid><description>
&lt;div class="pageinfo pageinfo-primary">
&lt;p>Requires&lt;code>2.6.3&lt;/code> or higher, click here to view the &lt;a href="https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/1-basic/dubbo-samples-annotation">complete sample&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;h2 id="provider-side">Provider Side&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>k&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="dubboservice-annotation-for-exporting">&lt;code>@DubboService&lt;/code> annotation for exporting&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@DubboService&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">class&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">AnnotationServiceImpl&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">implements&lt;/span> AnnotationService {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Override&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> String &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">sayHello&lt;/span>(String name) {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">return&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;annotation: hello, &amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">+&lt;/span> name;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> }
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="add-application-sharing-configuration">Add application sharing configuration&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75"># dubbo-provider.properties&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">annotation-provider&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registry.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocol.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">dubbo&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocol.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">20880&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="spring-scan-path">Spring scan path&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Configuration&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@EnableDubbo&lt;/span>(scanBasePackages &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.samples.simple.annotation.impl&amp;#34;&lt;/span>)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@PropertySource&lt;/span>(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;classpath:/spring/dubbo-provider.properties&amp;#34;&lt;/span>)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">static&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">class&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">ProviderConfiguration&lt;/span> {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="consumer-side">Consumer Side&lt;/h2>
&lt;h3 id="reference-annotation-for-reference">&lt;code>@Reference&lt;/code> annotation for reference&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Component&lt;/span>(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;annotationAction&amp;#34;&lt;/span>)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">class&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">AnnotationAction&lt;/span> {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Reference&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">private&lt;/span> AnnotationService annotationService;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> String &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">doSayHello&lt;/span>(String name) {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">return&lt;/span> annotationService.sayHello(name);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> }
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="add-application-sharing-configuration-1">Add application sharing configuration&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span># dubbo-consumer.properties
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.name=annotation-consumer
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.consumer.timeout=3000
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="spring-scan-path-1">Spring scan path&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Configuration&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@EnableDubbo&lt;/span>(scanBasePackages &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.samples.simple.annotation.action&amp;#34;&lt;/span>)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@PropertySource&lt;/span>(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;classpath:/spring/dubbo-consumer.properties&amp;#34;&lt;/span>)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@ComponentScan&lt;/span>(value &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> {&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.samples.simple.annotation.action&amp;#34;&lt;/span>})
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">static&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">class&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">ConsumerConfiguration&lt;/span> {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="invoke-service">Invoke service&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">static&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#dc322f">void&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">main&lt;/span>(String&lt;span style="color:#719e07">[]&lt;/span> args) &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">throws&lt;/span> Exception {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerConfiguration.class);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> context.start();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">final&lt;/span> AnnotationAction annotationAction &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> (AnnotationAction) context.getBean(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;annotationAction&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> String hello &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> annotationAction.doSayHello(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;world&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div></description></item><item><title>Docs: Configuration Loading Process</title><link>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/configuration-load-process/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://dubbo.apache.org/en/docs/v2.7/user/configuration/configuration-load-process/</guid><description>
&lt;p>This document focuses on &lt;strong>how the Dubbo framework collects the required configuration&lt;/strong> (including application configuration, registry configuration, service configuration, etc.) &lt;strong>during the application startup phase&lt;/strong> to complete the process of service exposure and reference.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Depending on how you drive it (such as Spring or naked API programming), the configuration form will certainly vary, for detail please refer to &lt;a href="../xml">XML Configuration&lt;/a>, &lt;a href="../annotation">Annotation Configuration&lt;/a> and &lt;a href="../api">API Configuration&lt;/a>. In addition to the differences in peripheral drivers, Dubbo&amp;rsquo;s configuration reads generally follow the following principles:&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Dubbo supports multiple levels of configuration and automatically override configurations according to predetermined priorities. Eventually, all configurations are aggregated to the data bus URL to drive subsequent service exposure, reference and other processes.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>ApplicationConfig, ServiceConfig and ReferenceConfig can be regarded as configuration sources, which collect configuration by directly user-oriented programming.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>The configuration format is mainly &lt;code>Properties&lt;/code>, and the configuration content follows conventions&lt;/li>
&lt;li>The configuration format is mainly Properties, and the configuration content follows the agreed &lt;code>path-based&lt;/code> naming [specification](#Configuration Format).&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;h2 id="configuration-source">Configuration Source&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>First, starting with the configuration sources that Dubbo supports, there are four default configuration sources:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>JVM System Properties，-Dproperty&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Externalized Configuration&lt;/li>
&lt;li>ServiceConfig, ReferenceConfig and other programming interface collected configuration&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Local configuration file dubbo.properties&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h3 id="override-priority">Override Priority&lt;/h3>
&lt;p>The figure below shows the priority of configuration override, decreasing from top to bottom:&lt;/p>
&lt;p>&lt;img src="https://dubbo.apache.org/imgs/blog/configuration.jpg" alt="Override Priority">&lt;/p>
&lt;p>click here to view &lt;a href="https://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/configuration/config-center/">Externalize configuration details&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="configuration-format">Configuration Format&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Currently, all configurations supported by Dubbo are in the format of &lt;code>.properties&lt;/code>, including &lt;code>-D&lt;/code>, &lt;code>Externalized Configuration&lt;/code>, etc., and all configuration items in &lt;code>.properties&lt;/code> follow a &lt;code>path-based&lt;/code> Configuration format:&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Application level&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.{config-type}[.{config-id}].{config-item}&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">{config-item-value}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Service level&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.service.{interface-name}[.{method-name}].{config-item}&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">{config-item-value}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.reference.{interface-name}[.{method-name}].{config-item}&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">{config-item-value}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Multiple configuration items&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.{config-type}s.{config-id}.{config-item}&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">{config-item-value}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Application level&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">demo-provider&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registry.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocol.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">-1&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Service level&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.service.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.timeout&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">5000&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.timeout&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">6000&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.sayHello.timeout&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">7000&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Multiple configuration items&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registries.unit1.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registries.unit2.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2182&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocols.dubbo.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">dubbo&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocols.dubbo.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">20880&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocols.hessian.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">hessian&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.protocols.hessian.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">8089&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Extended configuration&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.parameters.item1&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">value1&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.application.parameters.item2&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">value2&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.registry.parameters.item3&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">value3&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.parameters.item4&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">value4&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="several-programming-approaches-of-configuration">Several programming approaches of configuration&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Next, let&amp;rsquo;s look at the changes corresponding to &lt;code>ServiceConfig, ReferenceConfig and other programming interface collected configuration&lt;/code> when selecting different development methods.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="spring">Spring&lt;/h3>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>XML&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Refer to &lt;a href="https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/1-basic/dubbo-samples-spring-xml">the sample&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">&amp;lt;!-- dubbo-provier.xml --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:application&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;demo-provider&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:config-center&lt;/span> address=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:registry&lt;/span> address=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&amp;#34;&lt;/span> simplified=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;true&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:metadata-report&lt;/span> address=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;redis://127.0.0.1:6379&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:protocol&lt;/span> name=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;dubbo&amp;#34;&lt;/span> port=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;20880&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;bean&lt;/span> id=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;demoService&amp;#34;&lt;/span> class=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.samples.basic.impl.DemoServiceImpl&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">&amp;lt;dubbo:service&lt;/span> interface=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;org.apache.dubbo.samples.basic.api.DemoService&amp;#34;&lt;/span> ref=&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;demoService&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Annotation&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Refer to &lt;a href="https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/1-basic/dubbo-samples-annotation">the sample&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">// AnnotationService implementation&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Service&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">class&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">AnnotationServiceImpl&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">implements&lt;/span> AnnotationService {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">@Override&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> String &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">sayHello&lt;/span>(String name) {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> System.out.println(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;async provider received: &amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">+&lt;/span> name);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">return&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;annotation: hello, &amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">+&lt;/span> name;
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> }
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> }
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## dubbo.properties&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.application.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">annotation-provider&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.registry.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.protocol.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">dubbo&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.protocol.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">20880&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Spring Boot&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Refer to &lt;a href="https://github.com/apache/dubbo-spring-boot-project/tree/master/dubbo-spring-boot-samples">the sample&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## application.properties&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Spring boot application&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> spring.application.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">dubbo-externalized-configuration-provider-sample&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Base packages to scan Dubbo Component: @com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.scan.base-packages&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">com.alibaba.boot.dubbo.demo.provider.service&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Dubbo Application&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## The default value of dubbo.application.name is ${spring.application.name}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## dubbo.application.name=${spring.application.name}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75"># Dubbo Protocol&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.protocol.name&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">dubbo&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.protocol.port&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">12345&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## Dubbo Registry&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> dubbo.registry.address&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">N/A&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> &lt;span style="color:#586e75">## DemoService version&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> demo.service.version&lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span>&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">1.0.0&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="api">API&lt;/h3>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" style="color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">&lt;code class="language-java" data-lang="java">&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>&lt;span style="color:#268bd2">public&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">static&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#dc322f">void&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">main&lt;/span>(String&lt;span style="color:#719e07">[]&lt;/span> args) &lt;span style="color:#268bd2">throws&lt;/span> IOException {
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> ServiceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>GreetingsService&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> service &lt;span style="color:#719e07">=&lt;/span> &lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ServiceConfig&lt;span style="color:#719e07">&amp;lt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span>();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> service.setApplication(&lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> ApplicationConfig(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;first-dubbo-provider&amp;#34;&lt;/span>));
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> service.setRegistry(&lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> RegistryConfig(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;multicast://224.5.6.7:1234&amp;#34;&lt;/span>));
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> service.setInterface(GreetingsService.class);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> service.setRef(&lt;span style="color:#719e07">new&lt;/span> GreetingsServiceImpl());
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> service.export();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> System.out.println(&lt;span style="color:#2aa198">&amp;#34;first-dubbo-provider is running.&amp;#34;&lt;/span>);
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span> System.in.read();
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="display:flex;">&lt;span>}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>Refer to &lt;a href="https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/1-basic/dubbo-samples-api">the sample&lt;/a>&lt;/p></description></item></channel></rss>