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| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-invoke-with-json-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/generic-invoke-with-json/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-invoke-with-json><span>JSON泛化调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesmsgpack-serialization-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesmsgpack-serialization-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesmsgpack-serialization-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/msgpack-serialization/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesmsgpack-serialization><span>msgpack序列化</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprovider-timeout-release-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprovider-timeout-release-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprovider-timeout-release-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/provider-timeout-release/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprovider-timeout-release><span>provider超时打断</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesresult-cache-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesresult-cache-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesresult-cache-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/result-cache/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesresult-cache><span>结果缓存</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesbroadcast-resp-collect-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesbroadcast-resp-collect-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesbroadcast-resp-collect-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/broadcast-resp-collect/ title=收集Dubbo广播响应 class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesbroadcast-resp-collect><span>收集广播响应</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesinvoke-with-specified-ip-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesinvoke-with-specified-ip-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesinvoke-with-specified-ip-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/invoke-with-specified-ip/ title="指定Ip Port调用Provider" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesinvoke-with-specified-ip><span>指定IP</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-reference-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-reference-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-reference-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/generic-reference/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-reference><span>使用泛化调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprotobuf-idl-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprotobuf-idl-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprotobuf-idl-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/protobuf-idl/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesprotobuf-idl><span>Protobuf</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplespb-generic-reference-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplespb-generic-reference-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplespb-generic-reference-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/pb-generic-reference/ title="GoogleProtobuf 对象泛化调用" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplespb-generic-reference><span>Protobuf 泛化调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-service-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-service-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-service-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/generic-service/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgeneric-service><span>实现泛化调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesecho-service-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesecho-service-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesecho-service-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/echo-service/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesecho-service><span>回声测试</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescontext-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescontext-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescontext-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/context/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescontext><span>上下文信息</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesattachment-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesattachment-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesattachment-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/attachment/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesattachment><span>隐式参数</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-call-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-call-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-call-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/async-call/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-call><span>异步调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-execute-on-provider-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-execute-on-provider-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-execute-on-provider-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/async-execute-on-provider/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesasync-execute-on-provider><span>异步执行</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-call-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-call-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-call-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/local-call/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-call><span>本地调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescallback-parameter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescallback-parameter-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescallback-parameter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/callback-parameter/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplescallback-parameter><span>参数回调</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesevents-notify-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesevents-notify-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesevents-notify-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/events-notify/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesevents-notify><span>事件通知</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-stub-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-stub-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-stub-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/local-stub/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-stub><span>本地存根</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-mock-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-mock-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-mock-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/local-mock/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslocal-mock><span>本地伪装</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesdelay-publish-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesdelay-publish-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesdelay-publish-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/delay-publish/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesdelay-publish><span>延迟暴露</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconcurrency-control-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconcurrency-control-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconcurrency-control-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/concurrency-control/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconcurrency-control><span>并发控制</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-connections-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-connections-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-connections-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/config-connections/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-connections><span>连接控制</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslazy-connect-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslazy-connect-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslazy-connect-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/lazy-connect/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleslazy-connect><span>延迟连接</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesstickiness-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesstickiness-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesstickiness-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/stickiness/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesstickiness><span>粘滞连接</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestls-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestls-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestls-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/tls/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestls><span>TLS</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestoken-authorization-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestoken-authorization-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestoken-authorization-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/token-authorization/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplestoken-authorization><span>令牌验证</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/routing-rule/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule><span>路由规则</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-deprecated-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-deprecated-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-deprecated-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/routing-rule-deprecated/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesrouting-rule-deprecated><span>旧路由规则</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/config-rule/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule><span>配置规则</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesservice-downgrade-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesservice-downgrade-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesservice-downgrade-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/service-downgrade/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesservice-downgrade><span>服务降级</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-deprecated-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-deprecated-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-deprecated-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/config-rule-deprecated/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconfig-rule-deprecated><span>旧配置规则</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconsumer-threadpool-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconsumer-threadpool-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconsumer-threadpool-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/consumer-threadpool/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesconsumer-threadpool><span>消费端线程池模型</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgraceful-shutdown-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgraceful-shutdown-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgraceful-shutdown-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/graceful-shutdown/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesgraceful-shutdown><span>优雅停机</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleshostname-binding-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleshostname-binding-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleshostname-binding-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/hostname-binding/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexampleshostname-binding><span>主机绑定</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesset-host-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesset-host-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesset-host-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/examples/set-host/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userexamplesset-host><span>主机配置</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferences-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferences-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferences-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferences><span>参考手册</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxml-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxml-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxml-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/ title="Schema 配置参考手册" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxml><span>XML 配置</span></a></label><ul class="ul-4 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-application-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-application-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-application-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-application/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-application><span>dubbo:application</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-argument-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-argument-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-argument-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-argument/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-argument><span>dubbo:argument</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-config-center-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-config-center-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-config-center-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-config-center/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-config-center><span>dubbo:config-center</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-consumer-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-consumer-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-consumer-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-consumer/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-consumer><span>dubbo:consumer</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-method-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-method-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-method-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-method/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-method><span>dubbo:method</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-module-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-module-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-module-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-module/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-module><span>dubbo:module</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-monitor-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-monitor-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-monitor-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-monitor/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-monitor><span>dubbo:monitor</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-parameter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-parameter-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-parameter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-parameter/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-parameter><span>dubbo:parameter</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-protocol-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-protocol-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-protocol-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-protocol/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-protocol><span>dubbo:protocol</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-provider-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-provider-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-provider-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-provider/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-provider><span>dubbo:provider</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-reference-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-reference-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-reference-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-reference/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-reference><span>dubbo:reference</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-registry-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-registry-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-registry-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-registry/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-registry><span>dubbo:registry</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-service-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-service-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-service-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/xml/dubbo-service/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesxmldubbo-service><span>dubbo:service</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocol-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocol-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocol-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocol><span>协议参考手册</span></a></label><ul class="ul-4 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocoldubbo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocoldubbo-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocoldubbo-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/dubbo/ title="dubbo 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocoldubbo><span>dubbo://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrest-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrest-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrest-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/rest/ title="rest 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrest><span>rest://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhttp-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhttp-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhttp-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/http/ title="http 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhttp><span>http://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhessian-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhessian-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhessian-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/hessian/ title="hessian 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolhessian><span>hessian://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolredis-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolredis-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolredis-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/redis/ title="redis 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolredis><span>redis://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolthrift-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolthrift-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolthrift-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/thrift/ title="thrift 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolthrift><span>thrift://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolgrpc-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolgrpc-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolgrpc-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/grpc/ title="gRPC 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolgrpc><span>grpc://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolmemcached-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolmemcached-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolmemcached-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/memcached/ title="memcached 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolmemcached><span>memcached://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrmi-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrmi-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrmi-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/rmi/ title="rmi 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolrmi><span>rmi://</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolwebservice-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolwebservice-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolwebservice-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/protocol/webservice/ title="webservice 协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesprotocolwebservice><span>webservice://</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistry-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistry-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistry-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistry><span>注册中心参考手册</span></a></label><ul class="ul-4 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrynacos-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrynacos-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrynacos-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/nacos/ title="Nacos 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrynacos><span>Nacos</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryzookeeper-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryzookeeper-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryzookeeper-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/zookeeper/ title="Zookeeper 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryzookeeper><span>Zookeeper</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrymulticast-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrymulticast-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrymulticast-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/multicast/ title="Multicast 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrymulticast><span>Multicast</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryredis-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryredis-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryredis-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/redis/ title="Redis 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistryredis><span>Redis</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrysimple-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrysimple-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrysimple-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/registry/simple/ title="Simple 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesregistrysimple><span>Simple</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmetadata-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmetadata-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmetadata-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/metadata/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmetadata><span>元数据参考手册</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesapi-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesapi-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesapi-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/api/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesapi><span>API 参考手册</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesqos-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesqos-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesqos-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/qos/ title=在线运维命令参考手册 class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesqos><span>QOS 手册</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencestelnet-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencestelnet-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencestelnet-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/telnet/ title="Telnet 命令参考手册" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencestelnet><span>Telnet 手册</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmaven-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmaven-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmaven-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/references/maven/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userreferencesmaven><span>Maven 插件参考手册</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversions-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversions-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userversions-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/versions/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversions><span>版本升级</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversionsversion-270-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversionsversion-270-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userversionsversion-270-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/versions/version-270/ title=升级与可能的兼容性问题总结 class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userversionsversion-270><span>2.7.0</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbest-practice-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbest-practice-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userbest-practice-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/best-practice/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbest-practice><span>服务化最佳实践</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrecommend-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrecommend-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userrecommend-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/recommend/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrecommend><span>推荐用法</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercapacity-plan-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercapacity-plan-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27usercapacity-plan-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/capacity-plan/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercapacity-plan><span>容量规划</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userperf-test-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userperf-test-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userperf-test-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/perf-test/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userperf-test><span>性能测试报告</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercoveragence-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercoveragence-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27usercoveragence-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/coveragence/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usercoveragence><span>测试覆盖率报告</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbenchmark-tool-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbenchmark-tool-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userbenchmark-tool-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/benchmark-tool/ title=基准测试工具包 class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userbenchmark-tool><span>基准测试</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrest-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrest-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userrest-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/rest/ title="开发 REST 应用" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userrest><span>REST 支持</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usersimple-monitor-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27usersimple-monitor-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27usersimple-monitor-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/simple-monitor/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usersimple-monitor><span>简单监控</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userserialization-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userserialization-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userserialization-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/serialization/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userserialization><span>Kryo 和 FST 序列化</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguages-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguages-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguages-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguages><span>其他语言支持</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlang-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlang-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlang-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/erlang/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlang><span>Erlang</span></a></label><ul class="ul-4 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangquick-start-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangquick-start-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangquick-start-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/erlang/quick-start/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangquick-start><span>快速开始</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangreference-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangreference-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangreference-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/erlang/reference/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangreference><span>消费者配置</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangservice-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangservice-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangservice-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/erlang/service/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangservice><span>提供者配置</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangserialization-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangserialization-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangserialization-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/languages/erlang/serialization/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27userlanguageserlangserialization><span>序列化配置项</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usernew-features-in-a-glance-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27usernew-features-in-a-glance-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27usernew-features-in-a-glance-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/user/new-features-in-a-glance/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27usernew-features-in-a-glance><span></span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27dev-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27dev-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27dev-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27dev><span>开发指南</span></a></label><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devbuild-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devbuild-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devbuild-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/build/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devbuild><span>源码构建</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devdesign-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devdesign-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devdesign-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/design/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devdesign><span>框架设计</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devspi-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devspi-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devspi-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/spi/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devspi><span>扩展点加载</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplementation-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplementation-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplementation-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/implementation/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplementation><span>实现细节</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimpls-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimpls-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimpls-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimpls><span>SPI 扩展实现</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsprotocol-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsprotocol-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsprotocol-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/protocol/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsprotocol><span>协议扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsfilter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsfilter-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsfilter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/filter/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsfilter><span>调用拦截扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsinvoker-listener-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsinvoker-listener-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsinvoker-listener-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/invoker-listener/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsinvoker-listener><span>引用监听扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexporter-listener-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexporter-listener-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexporter-listener-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/exporter-listener/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexporter-listener><span>暴露监听扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscluster-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscluster-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscluster-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/cluster/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscluster><span>集群扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsrouter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsrouter-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsrouter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/router/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsrouter><span>路由扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsload-balance-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsload-balance-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsload-balance-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/load-balance/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsload-balance><span>负载均衡扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmerger-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmerger-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmerger-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/merger/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmerger><span>合并结果扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsregistry-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsregistry-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsregistry-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/registry/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsregistry><span>注册中心扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmonitor-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmonitor-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmonitor-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/monitor/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsmonitor><span>监控中心扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsextension-factory-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsextension-factory-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsextension-factory-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/extension-factory/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsextension-factory><span>扩展点加载扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsproxy-factory-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsproxy-factory-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsproxy-factory-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/proxy-factory/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsproxy-factory><span>动态代理扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscompiler-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscompiler-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscompiler-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/compiler/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscompiler><span>编译器扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsconfig-center-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsconfig-center-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsconfig-center-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/config-center/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsconfig-center><span>配置中心扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsdispatcher-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsdispatcher-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsdispatcher-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/dispatcher/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsdispatcher><span>消息派发扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsthreadpool-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsthreadpool-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsthreadpool-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/threadpool/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsthreadpool><span>线程池扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsserialize-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsserialize-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsserialize-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/serialize/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsserialize><span>序列化扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsremoting-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsremoting-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsremoting-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/remoting/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsremoting><span>网络传输扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexchanger-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexchanger-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexchanger-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/exchanger/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsexchanger><span>信息交换扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsnetworker-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsnetworker-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsnetworker-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/networker/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsnetworker><span>组网扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplstelnet-handler-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplstelnet-handler-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplstelnet-handler-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/telnet-handler/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplstelnet-handler><span>Telnet 命令扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsstatus-checker-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsstatus-checker-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsstatus-checker-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/status-checker/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsstatus-checker><span>状态检查扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscontainer-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscontainer-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscontainer-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/container/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscontainer><span>容器扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscache-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscache-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscache-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/cache/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplscache><span>缓存扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsvalidation-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsvalidation-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsvalidation-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/validation/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplsvalidation><span>验证扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplslogger-adapter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplslogger-adapter-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplslogger-adapter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/logger-adapter/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplslogger-adapter><span>日志适配扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplspage-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplspage-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplspage-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/impls/page/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devimplspage><span></span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipals-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipals-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipals-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipals><span>设计原则</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalscode-detail-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalscode-detail-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalscode-detail-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/code-detail/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalscode-detail><span>魔鬼在细节</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsconfiguration-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsconfiguration-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsconfiguration-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/configuration/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsconfiguration><span>配置设计</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsdummy-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsdummy-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsdummy-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/dummy/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsdummy><span>防痴呆设计</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsexpansibility-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsexpansibility-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsexpansibility-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/expansibility/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsexpansibility><span>谈谈扩充式扩展与增量式扩展</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsextension-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsextension-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsextension-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/extension/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsextension><span>扩展点重构</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsgeneral-knowledge-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsgeneral-knowledge-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsgeneral-knowledge-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/general-knowledge/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsgeneral-knowledge><span>一些设计上的基本常识</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsrobustness-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsrobustness-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsrobustness-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/robustness/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsrobustness><span>设计实现的健壮性</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsintroduction-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsintroduction-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsintroduction-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/principals/introduction/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devprincipalsintroduction><span></span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devcontract-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devcontract-check> |
| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27devcontract-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/contract/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devcontract><span>公共契约</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsv27devsource-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsv27devsource-check> |
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| <label for=m-zh-cndocsv27admininstallmonitor-center-check><a href=/zh-cn/docsv2.7/admin/install/monitor-center/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsv27admininstallmonitor-center><span>Simple 监控中心安装</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docsv2.7/>文档 2.x</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/>开发指南</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/source/>源代码</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docsv2.7/dev/source/cluster/ aria-disabled=true class="btn-link disabled">集群</a></li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>集群</h1><div class=lead>本文介绍了集群的原理和实现细节</div><header class=article-meta></header><h2 id=1简介>1.简介</h2><p>为了避免单点故障，现在的应用通常至少会部署在两台服务器上。对于一些负载比较高的服务，会部署更多的服务器。这样，在同一环境下的服务提供者数量会大于1。对于服务消费者来说，同一环境下出现了多个服务提供者。这时会出现一个问题，服务消费者需要决定选择哪个服务提供者进行调用。另外服务调用失败时的处理措施也是需要考虑的，是重试呢，还是抛出异常，亦或是只打印异常等。为了处理这些问题，Dubbo 定义了集群接口 Cluster 以及 Cluster Invoker。集群 Cluster 用途是将多个服务提供者合并为一个 Cluster Invoker，并将这个 Invoker 暴露给服务消费者。这样一来，服务消费者只需通过这个 Invoker 进行远程调用即可，至于具体调用哪个服务提供者，以及调用失败后如何处理等问题，现在都交给集群模块去处理。集群模块是服务提供者和服务消费者的中间层，为服务消费者屏蔽了服务提供者的情况，这样服务消费者就可以专心处理远程调用相关事宜。比如发请求，接受服务提供者返回的数据等。这就是集群的作用。</p><p>Dubbo 提供了多种集群实现，包含但不限于 Failover Cluster、Failfast Cluster 和 Failsafe Cluster 等。每种集群实现类的用途不同，接下来会一一进行分析。</p><h2 id=2-集群容错>2. 集群容错</h2><p>在对集群相关代码进行分析之前，这里有必要先来介绍一下集群容错的所有组件。包含 Cluster、Cluster Invoker、Directory、Router 和 LoadBalance 等。</p><p><img src=/imgs/dev/cluster.jpg alt=img></p><p>集群工作过程可分为两个阶段，第一个阶段是在服务消费者初始化期间，集群 Cluster 实现类为服务消费者创建 Cluster Invoker 实例，即上图中的 merge 操作。第二个阶段是在服务消费者进行远程调用时。以 FailoverClusterInvoker 为例，该类型 Cluster Invoker 首先会调用 Directory 的 list 方法列举 Invoker 列表（可将 Invoker 简单理解为服务提供者）。Directory 的用途是保存 Invoker，可简单类比为 List<Invoker>。其实现类 RegistryDirectory 是一个动态服务目录，可感知注册中心配置的变化，它所持有的 Invoker 列表会随着注册中心内容的变化而变化。每次变化后，RegistryDirectory 会动态增删 Invoker，并调用 Router 的 route 方法进行路由，过滤掉不符合路由规则的 Invoker。当 FailoverClusterInvoker 拿到 Directory 返回的 Invoker 列表后，它会通过 LoadBalance 从 Invoker 列表中选择一个 Invoker。最后 FailoverClusterInvoker 会将参数传给 LoadBalance 选择出的 Invoker 实例的 invoke 方法，进行真正的远程调用。</p><p>以上就是集群工作的整个流程，这里并没介绍集群是如何容错的。Dubbo 主要提供了这样几种容错方式：</p><ul><li>Failover Cluster - 失败自动切换</li><li>Failfast Cluster - 快速失败</li><li>Failsafe Cluster - 失败安全</li><li>Failback Cluster - 失败自动恢复</li><li>Forking Cluster - 并行调用多个服务提供者</li></ul><p>下面开始分析源码。</p><h2 id=3源码分析>3.源码分析</h2><h3 id=31-cluster-实现类分析>3.1 Cluster 实现类分析</h3><p>我们在上一章看到了两个概念，分别是集群接口 Cluster 和 Cluster Invoker，这两者是不同的。Cluster 是接口，而 Cluster Invoker 是一种 Invoker。服务提供者的选择逻辑，以及远程调用失败后的的处理逻辑均是封装在 Cluster Invoker 中。那么 Cluster 接口和相关实现类有什么用呢？用途比较简单，仅用于生成 Cluster Invoker。下面我们来看一下源码。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailoverCluster</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>implements</span> Cluster { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>static</span> String NAME <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>"failover"</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>join</span>(Directory<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> directory) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建并返回 FailoverClusterInvoker 对象</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FailoverClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(directory); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，FailoverCluster 总共就包含这几行代码，用于创建 FailoverClusterInvoker 对象，很简单。下面再看一个。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailbackCluster</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>implements</span> Cluster { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>static</span> String NAME <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>"failback"</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>join</span>(Directory<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> directory) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建并返回 FailbackClusterInvoker 对象</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FailbackClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(directory); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，FailbackCluster 的逻辑也是很简单，无需解释了。所以接下来，我们把重点放在各种 Cluster Invoker 上</p><h3 id=32-cluster-invoker-分析>3.2 Cluster Invoker 分析</h3><p>我们首先从各种 Cluster Invoker 的父类 AbstractClusterInvoker 源码开始说起。前面说过，集群工作过程可分为两个阶段，第一个阶段是在服务消费者初始化期间，这个在<a href=../refer-service>服务引用</a>那篇文章中分析过，就不赘述。第二个阶段是在服务消费者进行远程调用时，此时 AbstractClusterInvoker 的 invoke 方法会被调用。列举 Invoker，负载均衡等操作均会在此阶段被执行。因此下面先来看一下 invoke 方法的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>invoke</span>(<span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> Invocation invocation) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkWhetherDestroyed(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> LoadBalance loadbalance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 绑定 attachments 到 invocation 中.</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Map<span style=color:#719e07><</span>String, String<span style=color:#719e07>></span> contextAttachments <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> RpcContext.getContext().getAttachments(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (contextAttachments <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> contextAttachments.size() <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> 0) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ((RpcInvocation) invocation).addAttachments(contextAttachments); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 列举 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> list(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (invokers <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>invokers.isEmpty()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 加载 LoadBalance</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadbalance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(invokers.get(0).getUrl() |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> .getMethodParameter(RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation), Constants.LOADBALANCE_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE)); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcUtils.attachInvocationIdIfAsync(getUrl(), invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用 doInvoke 进行后续操作</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> doInvoke(invocation, invokers, loadbalance); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// 抽象方法，由子类实现</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>protected</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>abstract</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException; |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>AbstractClusterInvoker 的 invoke 方法主要用于列举 Invoker，以及加载 LoadBalance。最后再调用模板方法 doInvoke 进行后续操作。下面我们来看一下 Invoker 列举方法 list(Invocation) 的逻辑，如下：</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>protected</span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>list</span>(Invocation invocation) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用 Directory 的 list 方法列举 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> directory.list(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invokers; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，AbstractClusterInvoker 中的 list 方法做的事情很简单，只是简单的调用了 Directory 的 list 方法，没有其他更多的逻辑了。Directory 即相关实现类在前文已经分析过，这里就不多说了。接下来，我们把目光转移到 AbstractClusterInvoker 的各种实现类上，来看一下这些实现类是如何实现 doInvoke 方法逻辑的。</p><h4 id=321-failoverclusterinvoker>3.2.1 FailoverClusterInvoker</h4><p>FailoverClusterInvoker 在调用失败时，会自动切换 Invoker 进行重试。默认配置下，Dubbo 会使用这个类作为缺省 Cluster Invoker。下面来看一下该类的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailoverClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 省略部分代码</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(Invocation invocation, <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> copyinvokers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invokers; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取重试次数</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> len <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getUrl().getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.RETRIES_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_RETRIES) <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> 1; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (len <span style=color:#719e07><=</span> 0) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> len <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> 1; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcException le <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invoked <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ArrayList<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span>(copyinvokers.size()); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Set<span style=color:#719e07><</span>String<span style=color:#719e07>></span> providers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> HashSet<span style=color:#719e07><</span>String<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(len); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 循环调用，失败重试</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (<span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> i <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> 0; i <span style=color:#719e07><</span> len; i<span style=color:#719e07>++</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (i <span style=color:#719e07>></span> 0) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkWhetherDestroyed(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 在进行重试前重新列举 Invoker，这样做的好处是，如果某个服务挂了，</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 通过调用 list 可得到最新可用的 Invoker 列表</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> copyinvokers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> list(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 对 copyinvokers 进行判空检查</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 通过负载均衡选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> select(loadbalance, invocation, copyinvokers, invoked); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 添加到 invoker 到 invoked 列表中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> invoked.add(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 设置 invoked 到 RPC 上下文中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List) invoked); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用目标 Invoker 的 invoke 方法</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Result result <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> result; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (RpcException e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (e.isBiz()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> e; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> le <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> e; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> le <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(e.getMessage(), e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>finally</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> providers.add(invoker.getUrl().getAddress()); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 若重试失败，则抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(..., <span style=color:#2aa198>"Failed to invoke the method ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，FailoverClusterInvoker 的 doInvoke 方法首先是获取重试次数，然后根据重试次数进行循环调用，失败后进行重试。在 for 循环内，首先是通过负载均衡组件选择一个 Invoker，然后再通过这个 Invoker 的 invoke 方法进行远程调用。如果失败了，记录下异常，并进行重试。重试时会再次调用父类的 list 方法列举 Invoker。整个流程大致如此，不是很难理解。下面我们看一下 select 方法的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>protected</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>select</span>(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> selected) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (invokers <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> invokers.isEmpty()) |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取调用方法名</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodName <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invocation <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>?</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>""</span> : invocation.getMethodName(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取 sticky 配置，sticky 表示粘滞连接。所谓粘滞连接是指让服务消费者尽可能的</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用同一个服务提供者，除非该提供者挂了再进行切换</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> sticky <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invokers.get(0).getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.CLUSTER_STICKY_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_STICKY); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检测 invokers 列表是否包含 stickyInvoker，如果不包含，</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 说明 stickyInvoker 代表的服务提供者挂了，此时需要将其置空</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (stickyInvoker <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>invokers.contains(stickyInvoker)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> stickyInvoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 在 sticky 为 true，且 stickyInvoker != null 的情况下。如果 selected 包含 </span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// stickyInvoker，表明 stickyInvoker 对应的服务提供者可能因网络原因未能成功提供服务。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 但是该提供者并没挂，此时 invokers 列表中仍存在该服务提供者对应的 Invoker。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (sticky <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> stickyInvoker <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> (selected <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>selected.contains(stickyInvoker))) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// availablecheck 表示是否开启了可用性检查，如果开启了，则调用 stickyInvoker 的 </span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// isAvailable 方法进行检查，如果检查通过，则直接返回 stickyInvoker。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (availablecheck <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> stickyInvoker.isAvailable()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> stickyInvoker; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果线程走到当前代码处，说明前面的 stickyInvoker 为空，或者不可用。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 此时继续调用 doSelect 选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> doSelect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 sticky 为 true，则将负载均衡组件选出的 Invoker 赋值给 stickyInvoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (sticky) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> stickyInvoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invoker; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invoker; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，select 方法的主要逻辑集中在了对粘滞连接特性的支持上。首先是获取 sticky 配置，然后再检测 invokers 列表中是否包含 stickyInvoker，如果不包含，则认为该 stickyInvoker 不可用，此时将其置空。这里的 invokers 列表可以看做是<strong>存活着的服务提供者</strong>列表，如果这个列表不包含 stickyInvoker，那自然而然的认为 stickyInvoker 挂了，所以置空。如果 stickyInvoker 存在于 invokers 列表中，此时要进行下一项检测 — 检测 selected 中是否包含 stickyInvoker。如果包含的话，说明 stickyInvoker 在此之前没有成功提供服务（但其仍然处于存活状态）。此时我们认为这个服务不可靠，不应该在重试期间内再次被调用，因此这个时候不会返回该 stickyInvoker。如果 selected 不包含 stickyInvoker，此时还需要进行可用性检测，比如检测服务提供者网络连通性等。当可用性检测通过，才可返回 stickyInvoker，否则调用 doSelect 方法选择 Invoker。如果 sticky 为 true，此时会将 doSelect 方法选出的 Invoker 赋值给 stickyInvoker。</p><p>以上就是 select 方法的逻辑，这段逻辑看起来不是很复杂，但是信息量比较大。不搞懂 invokers 和 selected 两个入参的含义，以及粘滞连接特性，这段代码是不容易看懂的。所以大家在阅读这段代码时，不要忽略了对背景知识的理解。关于 select 方法先分析这么多，继续向下分析。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>doSelect</span>(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> selected) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (invokers <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> invokers.isEmpty()) |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (invokers.size() <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> 1) |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invokers.get(0); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (loadbalance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 loadbalance 为空，这里通过 SPI 加载 Loadbalance，默认为 RandomLoadBalance</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadbalance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 通过负载均衡组件选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> loadbalance.select(invokers, getUrl(), invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 selected 包含负载均衡选择出的 Invoker，或者该 Invoker 无法经过可用性检查，此时进行重选</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> ((selected <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> selected.contains(invoker)) |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>invoker.isAvailable() <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> getUrl() <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> availablecheck)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进行重选</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> rinvoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> reselect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected, availablecheck); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (rinvoker <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 rinvoker 不为空，则将其赋值给 invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> rinvoker; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// rinvoker 为空，定位 invoker 在 invokers 中的位置</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> index <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invokers.indexOf(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取 index + 1 位置处的 Invoker，以下代码等价于：</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// invoker = invokers.get((index + 1) % invokers.size());</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> index <span style=color:#719e07><</span> invokers.size() <span style=color:#719e07>-</span> 1 <span style=color:#719e07>?</span> invokers.get(index <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> 1) : invokers.get(0); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Exception e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.warn(<span style=color:#2aa198>"... may because invokers list dynamic change, ignore."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>"cluster reselect fail reason is : ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invoker; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>doSelect 主要做了两件事，第一是通过负载均衡组件选择 Invoker。第二是，如果选出来的 Invoker 不稳定，或不可用，此时需要调用 reselect 方法进行重选。若 reselect 选出来的 Invoker 为空，此时定位 invoker 在 invokers 列表中的位置 index，然后获取 index + 1 处的 invoker，这也可以看做是重选逻辑的一部分。下面我们来看一下 reselect 方法的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>reselect</span>(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> selected, <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> availablecheck) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> reselectInvokers <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ArrayList<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span>(invokers.size() <span style=color:#719e07>></span> 1 <span style=color:#719e07>?</span> (invokers.size() <span style=color:#719e07>-</span> 1) : invokers.size()); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 下面的 if-else 分支逻辑有些冗余，pull request #2826 对这段代码进行了简化，可以参考一下</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 根据 availablecheck 进行不同的处理</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (availablecheck) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 遍历 invokers 列表</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker : invokers) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检测可用性</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (invoker.isAvailable()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 selected 列表不包含当前 invoker，则将其添加到 reselectInvokers 中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (selected <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>selected.contains(invoker)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> reselectInvokers.add(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// reselectInvokers 不为空，此时通过负载均衡组件进行选择</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>reselectInvokers.isEmpty()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 不检查 Invoker 可用性</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker : invokers) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 selected 列表不包含当前 invoker，则将其添加到 reselectInvokers 中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (selected <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>selected.contains(invoker)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> reselectInvokers.add(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>reselectInvokers.isEmpty()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 通过负载均衡组件进行选择</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 若线程走到此处，说明 reselectInvokers 集合为空，此时不会调用负载均衡组件进行筛选。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 这里从 selected 列表中查找可用的 Invoker，并将其添加到 reselectInvokers 集合中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (selected <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker : selected) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> ((invoker.isAvailable()) |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>reselectInvokers.contains(invoker)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> reselectInvokers.add(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>reselectInvokers.isEmpty()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 再次进行选择，并返回选择结果</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>reselect 方法总结下来其实只做了两件事情，第一是查找可用的 Invoker，并将其添加到 reselectInvokers 集合中。第二，如果 reselectInvokers 不为空，则通过负载均衡组件再次进行选择。其中第一件事情又可进行细分，一开始，reselect 从 invokers 列表中查找有效可用的 Invoker，若未能找到，此时再到 selected 列表中继续查找。关于 reselect 方法就先分析到这，继续分析其他的 Cluster Invoker。</p><h4 id=322-failbackclusterinvoker>3.2.2 FailbackClusterInvoker</h4><p>FailbackClusterInvoker 会在调用失败后，返回一个空结果给服务消费者。并通过定时任务对失败的调用进行重传，适合执行消息通知等操作。下面来看一下它的实现逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailbackClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>static</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>long</span> RETRY_FAILED_PERIOD <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> 5 <span style=color:#719e07>*</span> 1000; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2, |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> NamedInternalThreadFactory(<span style=color:#2aa198>"failback-cluster-timer"</span>, <span style=color:#cb4b16>true</span>)); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> ConcurrentMap<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><?>></span> failed <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ConcurrentHashMap<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><?>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>volatile</span> ScheduledFuture<span style=color:#719e07><?></span> retryFuture; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>protected</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(invokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进行调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果调用过程中发生异常，此时仅打印错误日志，不抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>"Failback to invoke method ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 记录调用信息</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> addFailed(invocation, <span style=color:#719e07>this</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 返回一个空结果给服务消费者</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcResult(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>addFailed</span>(Invocation invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><?></span> router) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (retryFuture <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>synchronized</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>this</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (retryFuture <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建定时任务，每隔5秒执行一次</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> retryFuture <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> scheduledExecutorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(<span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Runnable() { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>run</span>() { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 对失败的调用进行重试</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> retryFailed(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果发生异常，仅打印异常日志，不抛出</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>"Unexpected error occur at collect statistic"</span>, t); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }, RETRY_FAILED_PERIOD, RETRY_FAILED_PERIOD, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 添加 invocation 和 invoker 到 failed 中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> failed.put(invocation, router); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>retryFailed</span>() { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (failed.size() <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> 0) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 遍历 failed，对失败的调用进行重试</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Map.Entry<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><?>></span> entry : <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> HashMap<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invocation, AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><?>></span>(failed).entrySet()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invocation invocation <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> entry.getKey(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><?></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> entry.getValue(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 再次进行调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用成功后，从 failed 中移除 invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> failed.remove(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 仅打印异常，不抛出</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>"Failed retry to invoke method ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个类主要由3个方法组成，首先是 doInvoker，该方法负责初次的远程调用。若远程调用失败，则通过 addFailed 方法将调用信息存入到 failed 中，等待定时重试。addFailed 在开始阶段会根据 retryFuture 为空与否，来决定是否开启定时任务。retryFailed 方法则是包含了失败重试的逻辑，该方法会对 failed 进行遍历，然后依次对 Invoker 进行调用。调用成功则将 Invoker 从 failed 中移除，调用失败则忽略失败原因。</p><p>以上就是 FailbackClusterInvoker 的执行逻辑，不是很复杂，继续往下看。</p><h4 id=323-failfastclusterinvoker>3.2.3 FailfastClusterInvoker</h4><p>FailfastClusterInvoker 只会发起一次调用，失败后立即抛出异常。通常用于非幂等性的写操作，比如新增记录。源码如下：</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailfastClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(invokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 调用 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (e <span style=color:#719e07>instanceof</span> RpcException <span style=color:#719e07>&&</span> ((RpcException) e).isBiz()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> (RpcException) e; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(..., <span style=color:#2aa198>"Failfast invoke providers ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上，首先是通过 select 方法选择 Invoker，然后进行远程调用。如果调用失败，则立即抛出异常。FailfastClusterInvoker 就先分析到这，下面分析 FailsafeClusterInvoker。</p><h4 id=324-failsafeclusterinvoker>3.2.4 FailsafeClusterInvoker</h4><p>FailsafeClusterInvoker 是一种失败安全的 Cluster Invoker。所谓的失败安全是指，当调用过程中出现异常时，FailsafeClusterInvoker 仅会打印异常，而不会抛出异常。适用于写入审计日志等操作。下面分析源码。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>FailsafeClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(invokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进行远程调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 打印错误日志，但不抛出</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>"Failsafe ignore exception: "</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> e.getMessage(), e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 返回空结果忽略错误</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcResult(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>FailsafeClusterInvoker 的逻辑和 FailfastClusterInvoker 的逻辑一样简单，无需过多说明。继续向下分析。</p><h4 id=325-forkingclusterinvoker>3.2.5 ForkingClusterInvoker</h4><p>ForkingClusterInvoker 会在运行时通过线程池创建多个线程，并发调用多个服务提供者。只要有一个服务提供者成功返回了结果，doInvoke 方法就会立即结束运行。ForkingClusterInvoker 的应用场景是在一些对实时性要求比较高<strong>读操作</strong>（注意是读操作，并行写操作可能不安全）下使用，但这将会耗费更多的资源。下面来看该类的实现。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>ForkingClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> ExecutorService executor <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> Executors.newCachedThreadPool( |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> NamedInternalThreadFactory(<span style=color:#2aa198>"forking-cluster-timer"</span>, <span style=color:#cb4b16>true</span>)); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(<span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(invokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> selected; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取 forks 配置</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> forks <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getUrl().getParameter(Constants.FORKS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_FORKS); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取超时配置</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> timeout <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getUrl().getParameter(Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 forks 配置不合理，则直接将 invokers 赋值给 selected</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (forks <span style=color:#719e07><=</span> 0 <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> forks <span style=color:#719e07>>=</span> invokers.size()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> selected <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invokers; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> selected <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ArrayList<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 循环选出 forks 个 Invoker，并添加到 selected 中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (<span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> i <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> 0; i <span style=color:#719e07><</span> forks; i<span style=color:#719e07>++</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 选择 Invoker</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>selected.contains(invoker)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> selected.add(invoker); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// ----------------------✨ 分割线1 ✨---------------------- //</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List) selected); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> AtomicInteger count <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> AtomicInteger(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> BlockingQueue<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Object<span style=color:#719e07>></span> ref <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> LinkedBlockingQueue<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Object<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 遍历 selected 列表</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (<span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker : selected) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 为每个 Invoker 创建一个执行线程</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> executor.execute(<span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Runnable() { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>run</span>() { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进行远程调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Result result <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 将结果存到阻塞队列中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ref.offer(result); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> value <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> count.incrementAndGet(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 仅在 value 大于等于 selected.size() 时，才将异常对象</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 放入阻塞队列中，请大家思考一下为什么要这样做。</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (value <span style=color:#719e07>>=</span> selected.size()) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 将异常对象存入到阻塞队列中</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ref.offer(e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// ----------------------✨ 分割线2 ✨---------------------- //</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 从阻塞队列中取出远程调用结果</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Object ret <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ref.poll(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果结果类型为 Throwable，则抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (ret <span style=color:#719e07>instanceof</span> Throwable) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Throwable e <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (Throwable) ret; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(..., <span style=color:#2aa198>"Failed to forking invoke provider ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 返回结果</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> (Result) ret; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (InterruptedException e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(<span style=color:#2aa198>"Failed to forking invoke provider ..."</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>finally</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcContext.getContext().clearAttachments(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>ForkingClusterInvoker 的 doInvoker 方法比较长，这里通过两个分割线将整个方法划分为三个逻辑块。从方法开始到分割线1之间的代码主要是用于选出 forks 个 Invoker，为接下来的并发调用提供输入。分割线1和分割线2之间的逻辑通过线程池并发调用多个 Invoker，并将结果存储在阻塞队列中。分割线2到方法结尾之间的逻辑主要用于从阻塞队列中获取返回结果，并对返回结果类型进行判断。如果为异常类型，则直接抛出，否则返回。</p><p>以上就是ForkingClusterInvoker 的 doInvoker 方法大致过程。我们在分割线1和分割线2之间的代码上留了一个问题，问题是这样的：为什么要在<code>value >= selected.size()</code>的情况下，才将异常对象添加到阻塞队列中？这里来解答一下。原因是这样的，在并行调用多个服务提供者的情况下，只要有一个服务提供者能够成功返回结果，而其他全部失败。此时 ForkingClusterInvoker 仍应该返回成功的结果，而非抛出异常。在<code>value >= selected.size()</code>时将异常对象放入阻塞队列中，可以保证异常对象不会出现在正常结果的前面，这样可从阻塞队列中优先取出正常的结果。</p><p>关于 ForkingClusterInvoker 就先分析到这，接下来分析最后一个 Cluster Invoker。</p><h4 id=326-broadcastclusterinvoker>3.2.6 BroadcastClusterInvoker</h4><p>本章的最后，我们再来看一下 BroadcastClusterInvoker。BroadcastClusterInvoker 会逐个调用每个服务提供者，如果其中一台报错，在循环调用结束后，BroadcastClusterInvoker 会抛出异常。该类通常用于通知所有提供者更新缓存或日志等本地资源信息。源码如下。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>BroadcastClusterInvoker</span><span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractClusterInvoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Result <span style=color:#268bd2>doInvoke</span>(<span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> Invocation invocation, List<span style=color:#719e07><</span>Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>>></span> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> checkInvokers(invokers, invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List) invokers); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> RpcException exception <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Result result <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 遍历 Invoker 列表，逐个调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Invoker<span style=color:#719e07><</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>></span> invoker : invokers) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进行远程调用</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> result <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> invoker.invoke(invocation); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (RpcException e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> exception <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> e; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable e) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> exception <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RpcException(e.getMessage(), e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// exception 不为空，则抛出异常</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (exception <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> exception; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> result; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上就是 BroadcastClusterInvoker 的代码，比较简单，就不多说了。</p><h2 id=4总结>4.总结</h2><p>本篇文章详细分析了集群容错的几种实现方式。集群容错对于 Dubbo 框架来说，是很重要的逻辑。集群模块处于服务提供者和消费者之间，对于服务消费者来说，集群可向其屏蔽服务提供者集群的情况，使其能够专心进行远程调用。除此之外，通过集群模块，我们还可以对服务之间的调用链路进行编排优化，治理服务。总的来说，对于 Dubbo 而言，集群容错相关逻辑是非常重要的。想要对 Dubbo 有比较深的理解，集群容错是必须要掌握的。</p><p>关于集群模块就先分析到这，感谢阅读。</p><div id=pre-footer><h2>反馈</h2><p class=feedback--prompt>此页是否对您有帮助？</p><button class="btn btn-primary mb-4 feedback--yes">是</button> |
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