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<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolanggo-specific-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/go-specific/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolanggo-specific><span>Go 语言定义服务</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15-check>
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<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationclient-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-1.5/configuration/client/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationclient><span>client</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationprovider-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationprovider-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationprovider-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-1.5/configuration/provider/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15configurationprovider><span>service providers</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15quick-start-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15quick-start-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15quick-start-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-1.5/quick-start/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-15quick-start><span>快速开始</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30><span>Dubbo-go 3.0</span></a></label><ul class="ul-4 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samples-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samples-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samples-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samples><span>高级使用</span></a></label><ul class="ul-5 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-filter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-filter-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-filter-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/custom-filter/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 自定义filter" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-filter><span>Filter</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgo_java_interactive-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgo_java_interactive-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgo_java_interactive-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/go_java_interactive/ title="go-java 3.0 互通示例" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgo_java_interactive><span>Go-Java 互通</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmetrics-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmetrics-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmetrics-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/metrics/ title="Dubbo-go 数据上报" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmetrics><span>Metrics 数据上报</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplessamples_repo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplessamples_repo-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplessamples_repo-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/samples_repo/ title="dubbo-go 3.0 示例仓库" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplessamples_repo><span>Samples 仓库介绍</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesexception_response-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesexception_response-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesexception_response-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/exception_response/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 异常回传" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesexception_response><span>Triple 异常回传</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgeneric-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgeneric-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgeneric-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/generic/ title="Dubbo-go 泛化调用" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesgeneric><span>泛化调用</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmesh_router-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmesh_router-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmesh_router-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/mesh_router/ title="Dubbo-go v3 统一路由规则" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesmesh_router><span>路由规则</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesconfig-center-dynamic-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesconfig-center-dynamic-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesconfig-center-dynamic-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/config-center-dynamic/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 动态配置" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesconfig-center-dynamic><span>配置中心和配置监听</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesstart-check-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesstart-check-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesstart-check-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/start-check/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 启动时检查" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesstart-check><span>启动时检查</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-logger-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-logger-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-logger-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/custom-logger/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 自定义日志" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplescustom-logger><span>日志</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesservice-discovery-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesservice-discovery-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesservice-discovery-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/service-discovery/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 应用级服务发现" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesservice-discovery><span>应用级服务发现</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesregistry-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesregistry-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesregistry-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/samples/registry/ title="Dubbo-go 3.0 注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30samplesregistry><span>注册中心</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30concept-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30concept-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30concept-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/concept/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30concept><span>基本概念</span></a></label><ul class="ul-5 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptapp_and_interface-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptapp_and_interface-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptapp_and_interface-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/concept/app_and_interface/ title="Dubbo-go 的应用和接口" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptapp_and_interface><span>服务层级</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptconfiguration-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptconfiguration-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptconfiguration-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/concept/configuration/ title=Dubbo-go的配置 class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptconfiguration><span>框架配置</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptprotocol-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptprotocol-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptprotocol-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/concept/protocol/ title="Dubbo-go 的网络协议" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptprotocol><span>网络协议</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptregistry-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptregistry-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptregistry-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/concept/registry/ title="Dubbo-go 的注册中心" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30conceptregistry><span>注册中心</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/preface/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface><span>简介</span></a></label><ul class="ul-5 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface30_feature-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface30_feature-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface30_feature-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/preface/3.0_feature/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30preface30_feature><span>dubbo-go 3.0 新特性</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30prefacearchitecture-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30prefacearchitecture-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30prefacearchitecture-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/preface/architecture/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30prefacearchitecture><span>架构</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developer-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developer-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developer-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/developer/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developer><span>开发者指南</span></a></label><ul class="ul-5 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developerdesign-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developerdesign-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developerdesign-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/developer/design/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30developerdesign><span>架构设计</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstart-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstart-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstart-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/quickstart/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstart><span>快速开始</span></a></label><ul class="ul-5 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_dubbo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_dubbo-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_dubbo-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/quickstart/quickstart_dubbo/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_dubbo><span>Dubbo-go 协议快速开始</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_triple-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_triple-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_triple-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/golang/dubbo-go-3.0/quickstart/quickstart_triple/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesgolangdubbo-go-30quickstartquickstart_triple><span>Triple 协议快速开始</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjava-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjava-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjava-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/java/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjava><span>java</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavajava-specific-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavajava-specific-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavajava-specific-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/java/java-specific/ title="Java 语言定义服务" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavajava-specific><span>Java 定义服务</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavaquick-start-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavaquick-start-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavaquick-start-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/languages/java/quick-start/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocslanguagesjavaquick-start><span>Java 快速开始</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsreferences-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsreferences-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocsreferences-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/references/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsreferences><span>参考手册</span></a></label><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobuf-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobuf-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobuf-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/references/protobuf/ title=Protobuf class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobuf><span>protobuf</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobufidl-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobufidl-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobufidl-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/references/protobuf/idl/ title="使用 IDL 开发服务" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesprotobufidl><span>idl</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxml-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxml-check>
<label for=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxml-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/references/xml/ title="Schema 配置参考手册" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxml><span>XML 配置</span></a></label><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxmldubbo-application-li><input type=checkbox id=m-zh-cndocsreferencesxmldubbo-application-check>
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<label for=m-zh-cndocsperformancebenchmarking-check><a href=/zh-cn/docs/performance/benchmarking/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-zh-cndocsperformancebenchmarking><span>基准测试</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/>文档</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/references/>参考手册</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/references/spis/>SPI 扩展实现</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/references/spis/dubbo-spi/ aria-disabled=true class="btn-link disabled">扩展点开发指南</a></li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>扩展点开发指南</h1><div class=lead>本文介绍了 Dubbo SPI 的原理和实现细节</div><header class=article-meta></header><div class="pageinfo pageinfo-primary"><p>此文档已经不再维护。您当前查看的是快照版本。如果想要查看最新版本的文档,请参阅<a href=/zh-cn/overview/mannual/java-sdk/reference-manual/spi/overview/>最新版本</a></p></div><h2 id=1简介>1.简介</h2><p>SPI 全称为 Service Provider Interface,是一种服务发现机制。SPI 的本质是将接口实现类的全限定名配置在文件中,并由服务加载器读取配置文件,加载实现类。这样可以在运行时,动态为接口替换实现类。正因此特性,我们可以很容易的通过 SPI 机制为我们的程序提供拓展功能。SPI 机制在第三方框架中也有所应用,比如 Dubbo 就是通过 SPI 机制加载所有的组件。不过,Dubbo 并未使用 Java 原生的 SPI 机制,而是对其进行了增强,使其能够更好的满足需求。在 Dubbo 中,SPI 是一个非常重要的模块。基于 SPI,我们可以很容易的对 Dubbo 进行拓展。
Dubbo 中,SPI 主要有两种用法,一种是加载固定的扩展类,另一种是加载自适应扩展类。这两种方式会在下面详细的介绍。
需要特别注意的是: 在 Dubbo 中,基于 SPI 扩展加载的类是单例的。</p><h3 id=11-加载固定的扩展类>1.1 加载固定的扩展类</h3><p>如果让你来设计加载固定扩展类,你会怎么做了?
一种常见思路是读取特定目录下的配置文件,然后解析出全类名,通过反射机制来实例化这个类,然后将这个类放在集合中存起来,如果有需要的时候,直接从集合中取。Dubbo 中的实现也是这么一个思路。
不过在 Dubbo 中,实现的更加完善,它实现类了 IOC 和 AOP 的功能。IOC 就是说如果这个扩展类依赖其他属性,Dubbo 会自动的将这个属性进行注入。这个功能如何实现了?一个常见思路是获取这个扩展类的 setter
方法,调用 setter 方法进行属性注入。AOP 指的是什么了?这个说的是 Dubbo 能够为扩展类注入其包装类。比如 DubboProtocol 是 Protocol 的扩展类,ProtocolListenerWrapper 是 DubboProtocol 的包装类。</p><h3 id=12-加载自适应扩展类>1.2 加载自适应扩展类</h3><p>先说明下自适应扩展类的使用场景。比如我们有需求,在调用某一个方法时,基于参数选择调用到不同的实现类。和工厂方法有些类似,基于不同的参数,构造出不同的实例对象。
在 Dubbo 中实现的思路和这个差不多,不过 Dubbo 的实现更加灵活,它的实现和策略模式有些类似。每一种扩展类相当于一种策略,基于 URL 消息总线,将参数传递给 ExtensionLoader,通过 ExtensionLoader 基于参数加载对应的扩展类,实现运行时动态调用到目标实例上。</p><h2 id=2-dubbo-spi-源码分析>2. Dubbo SPI 源码分析</h2><h3 id=21-加载固定的扩展类>2.1 加载固定的扩展类</h3><p>Dubbo 中,SPI 加载固定扩展类的入口是 ExtensionLoader 的 getExtension 方法,下面我们对拓展类对象的获取过程进行详细的分析。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> T <span style=color:#268bd2>getExtension</span>(String name) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (name <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> name.length() <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> 0)
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalArgumentException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Extension name == null&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;true&#34;</span>.equals(name)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取默认的拓展实现类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> getDefaultExtension();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// Holder,顾名思义,用于持有目标对象</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Holder<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>Object<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> holder <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedInstances.get(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 这段逻辑保证了只有一个线程能够创建 Holder 对象</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (holder <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cachedInstances.putIfAbsent(name, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Holder<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>Object<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span>());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> holder <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedInstances.get(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Object instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> holder.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 双重检查</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (instance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>synchronized</span> (holder) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> holder.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (instance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建拓展实例</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> createExtension(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 设置实例到 holder 中</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> holder.set(instance);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> (T) instance;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的逻辑比较简单,首先检查缓存,缓存未命中则创建拓展对象。下面我们来看一下创建拓展对象的过程是怎样的。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> T <span style=color:#268bd2>createExtension</span>(String name, <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> wrap) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 从配置文件中加载所有的拓展类,可得到“配置项名称”到“配置类”的映射关系表</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> clazz <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getExtensionClasses().get(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果没有该接口的扩展,或者该接口的实现类不允许重复但实际上重复了,直接抛出异常</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (clazz <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> unacceptableExceptions.contains(name)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> findException(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> T instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 这段代码保证了扩展类只会被构造一次,也就是单例的.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (instance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> EXTENSION_INSTANCES.putIfAbsent(clazz, clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 向实例中注入依赖</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> injectExtension(instance);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果启用包装的话,则自动为进行包装.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 比如我基于 Protocol 定义了 DubboProtocol 的扩展,但实际上在 Dubbo 中不是直接使用的 DubboProtocol, 而是其包装类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// ProtocolListenerWrapper</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (wrap) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> List<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> wrapperClassesList <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ArrayList<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;&gt;</span>();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (cachedWrapperClasses <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> wrapperClassesList.addAll(cachedWrapperClasses);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> wrapperClassesList.sort(WrapperComparator.COMPARATOR);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Collections.reverse(wrapperClassesList);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 循环创建 Wrapper 实例</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(wrapperClassesList)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> wrapperClass : wrapperClassesList) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Wrapper wrapper <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> wrapperClass.getAnnotation(Wrapper.class);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (wrapper <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> (ArrayUtils.contains(wrapper.matches(), name) <span style=color:#719e07>&amp;&amp;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>ArrayUtils.contains(wrapper.mismatches(), name))) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 将当前 instance 作为参数传给 Wrapper 的构造方法,并通过反射创建 Wrapper 实例。</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 然后向 Wrapper 实例中注入依赖,最后将 Wrapper 实例再次赋值给 instance 变量</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> injectExtension((T) wrapperClass.getConstructor(type).newInstance(instance));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 初始化</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> initExtension(instance);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> instance;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Extension instance (name: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> name <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, class: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> type <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;) couldn&#39;t be instantiated: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> t.getMessage(), t);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>createExtension 方法的逻辑稍复杂一下,包含了如下的步骤:</p><ol><li>通过 getExtensionClasses 获取所有的拓展类</li><li>通过反射创建拓展对象</li><li>向拓展对象中注入依赖</li><li>将拓展对象包裹在相应的 Wrapper 对象中</li><li>初始化拓展对象</li></ol><p>以上步骤中,第一个步骤是加载拓展类的关键,第三和第四个步骤是 Dubbo IOC 与 AOP 的具体实现。在接下来的章节中,将会重点分析 getExtensionClasses 方法的逻辑,以及简单介绍 Dubbo IOC 的具体实现。</p><h3 id=211-获取所有的拓展类>2.1.1 获取所有的拓展类</h3><p>我们在通过名称获取拓展类之前,首先需要根据配置文件解析出拓展项名称到拓展类的映射关系表(Map&lt;名称, 拓展类>),之后再根据拓展项名称从映射关系表中取出相应的拓展类即可。相关过程的代码分析如下:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> getExtensionClasses() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 从缓存中获取已加载的拓展类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> classes <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedClasses.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 双重检查</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (classes <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>synchronized</span> (cachedClasses) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> classes <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedClasses.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (classes <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 加载拓展类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> classes <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> loadExtensionClasses();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cachedClasses.set(classes);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> classes;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里也是先检查缓存,若缓存未命中,则通过 synchronized 加锁。加锁后再次检查缓存,并判空。此时如果 classes 仍为 null,则通过 loadExtensionClasses 加载拓展类。下面分析 loadExtensionClasses 方法的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> loadExtensionClasses() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 缓存默认的 SPI 扩展名</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cacheDefaultExtensionName();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> extensionClasses <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> HashMap<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;&gt;</span>();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 基于策略来加载指定文件夹下的文件</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 目前有四种策略,分别读取 META-INF/services/ META-INF/dubbo/ META-INF/dubbo/internal/ META-INF/dubbo/external/ 这四个目录下的配置文件</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (LoadingStrategy strategy : strategies) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadDirectory(extensionClasses, strategy.directory(), type.getName(), strategy.preferExtensionClassLoader(), strategy.overridden(), strategy.excludedPackages());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadDirectory(extensionClasses, strategy.directory(), type.getName().replace(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;org.apache&#34;</span>, <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;com.alibaba&#34;</span>), strategy.preferExtensionClassLoader(), strategy.overridden(), strategy.excludedPackages());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> extensionClasses;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>loadExtensionClasses 方法总共做了两件事情,一是对 SPI 注解进行解析,二是调用 loadDirectory 方法加载指定文件夹配置文件。SPI 注解解析过程比较简单,无需多说。下面我们来看一下 loadDirectory 做了哪些事情。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>loadDirectory</span>(Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> extensionClasses, String dir, String type,
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> extensionLoaderClassLoaderFirst, <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> overridden, String... excludedPackages) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// fileName = 文件夹路径 + type 全限定名 </span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String fileName <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> dir <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> type;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Enumeration<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>java.net.URL<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> urls <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ClassLoader classLoader <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> findClassLoader();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// try to load from ExtensionLoader&#39;s ClassLoader first</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (extensionLoaderClassLoaderFirst) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ClassLoader extensionLoaderClassLoader <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ExtensionLoader.class.getClassLoader();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> extensionLoaderClassLoader) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> urls <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> extensionLoaderClassLoader.getResources(fileName);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 根据文件名加载所有的同名文件</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (urls <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span> <span style=color:#719e07>||</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>urls.hasMoreElements()) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (classLoader <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> urls <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> classLoader.getResources(fileName);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> urls <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fileName);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (urls <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>while</span> (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> java.net.URL resourceURL <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> urls.nextElement();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 加载资源</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadResource(extensionClasses, classLoader, resourceURL, overridden, excludedPackages);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Exception occurred when loading extension class (interface: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> type <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, description file: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> fileName <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;).&#34;</span>, t);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>loadDirectory 方法先通过 classLoader 获取所有资源链接,然后再通过 loadResource 方法加载资源。我们继续跟下去,看一下 loadResource 方法的实现。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>loadResource</span>(Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> extensionClasses, ClassLoader classLoader,
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> java.net.URL resourceURL, <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> overridden, String... excludedPackages) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> (BufferedReader reader <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> BufferedReader(<span style=color:#719e07>new</span> InputStreamReader(resourceURL.openStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String line;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String clazz <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 按行读取配置内容</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>while</span> ((line <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> reader.readLine()) <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 定位 # 字符</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>final</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> ci <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.indexOf(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;#&#39;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (ci <span style=color:#719e07>&gt;=</span> 0) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 截取 # 之前的字符串,# 之后的内容为注释,需要忽略</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> line <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.substring(0, ci);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> line <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.trim();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (line.length() <span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> 0) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String name <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 以等于号 = 为界,截取键与值</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> i <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.indexOf(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;=&#39;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (i <span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> 0) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> name <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.substring(0, i).trim();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> clazz <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line.substring(i <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> 1).trim();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> clazz <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> line;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 加载类,并通过 loadClass 方法对类进行缓存</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(clazz) <span style=color:#719e07>&amp;&amp;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>!</span>isExcluded(clazz, excludedPackages)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> loadClass(extensionClasses, resourceURL, Class.forName(clazz, <span style=color:#cb4b16>true</span>, classLoader), name, overridden);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> IllegalStateException e <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Failed to load extension class (interface: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> type <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, class line: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> line <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;) in &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> resourceURL <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, cause: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> t.getMessage(), t);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> exceptions.put(line, e);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Exception occurred when loading extension class (interface: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> type <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, class file: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> resourceURL <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;) in &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> resourceURL, t);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>loadResource 方法用于读取和解析配置文件,并通过反射加载类,最后调用 loadClass 方法进行其他操作。loadClass 方法用于主要用于操作缓存,该方法的逻辑如下:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>loadClass</span>(Map<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>String, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> extensionClasses, java.net.URL resourceURL, Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> clazz, String name,
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> overridden) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> NoSuchMethodException {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>type.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Error occurred when loading extension class (interface: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> type <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, class line: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> clazz.getName() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;), class &#34;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> clazz.getName() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34; is not subtype of interface.&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检测目标类上是否有 Adaptive 注解</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(Adaptive.class)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cacheAdaptiveClass(clazz, overridden);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (isWrapperClass(clazz)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 缓存包装类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cacheWrapperClass(clazz);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 进入到这里,表明只是该类只是一个普通的拓展类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检测 clazz 是否有默认的构造方法,如果没有,则抛出异常</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> clazz.getConstructor();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (StringUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果 name 为空,则尝试从 Extension 注解中获取 name,或使用小写的类名作为 name</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> name <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> findAnnotationName(clazz);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (name.length() <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> 0) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;No such extension name for the class &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> clazz.getName() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34; in the config &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> resourceURL);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> names <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> NAME_SEPARATOR.split(name);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(names)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果类上有 Activate 注解,则使用 names 数组的第一个元素作为键,</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 存储 name 到 Activate 注解对象的映射关系</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cacheActivateClass(clazz, names<span style=color:#719e07>[</span>0<span style=color:#719e07>]</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (String n : names) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 存储 Class 到名称的映射关系</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cacheName(clazz, n);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 存储 name 到 Class 的映射关系.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果存在同一个扩展名对应多个实现类,基于 override 参数是否允许覆盖,如果不允许,则抛出异常.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> saveInExtensionClass(extensionClasses, clazz, n, overridden);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如上,loadClass 方法操作了不同的缓存,比如 cachedAdaptiveClass、cachedWrapperClasses 和 cachedNames 等等。除此之外,该方法没有其他什么逻辑了。</p><p>到此,关于缓存类加载的过程就分析完了。整个过程没什么特别复杂的地方,大家按部就班的分析即可,不懂的地方可以调试一下。接下来,我们来聊聊 Dubbo IOC 方面的内容。</p><h3 id=212-dubbo-ioc>2.1.2 Dubbo IOC</h3><p>Dubbo IOC 是通过 setter 方法注入依赖。Dubbo 首先会通过反射获取到实例的所有方法,然后再遍历方法列表,检测方法名是否具有 setter 方法特征。若有,则通过 ObjectFactory 获取依赖对象,最后通过反射调用 setter 方法将依赖设置到目标对象中。整个过程对应的代码如下:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> T <span style=color:#268bd2>injectExtension</span>(T instance) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (objectFactory <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> instance;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 遍历目标类的所有方法</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Method method : instance.getClass().getMethods()) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检测方法是否以 set 开头,且方法仅有一个参数,且方法访问级别为 public</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>isSetter(method)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>continue</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>/**
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75> * 检测是否有 DisableInject 注解修饰.
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75> */</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (method.getAnnotation(DisableInject.class) <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>continue</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 基本类型不注入</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> pt <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> method.getParameterTypes()<span style=color:#719e07>[</span>0<span style=color:#719e07>]</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pt)) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>continue</span>;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取属性名,比如 setName 方法对应属性名 name</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String property <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getSetterProperty(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 从 ObjectFactory 中获取依赖对象</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Object object <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> objectFactory.getExtension(pt, property);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (object <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 注入</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> method.invoke(instance, object);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Exception e) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Failed to inject via method &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> method.getName()
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34; of interface &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> type.getName() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> e.getMessage(), e);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Exception e) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> instance;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在上面代码中,objectFactory 变量的类型为 AdaptiveExtensionFactory,AdaptiveExtensionFactory 内部维护了一个 ExtensionFactory 列表,用于存储其他类型的 ExtensionFactory。Dubbo 目前提供了两种 ExtensionFactory,分别是 SpiExtensionFactory 和 SpringExtensionFactory。前者用于创建自适应的拓展,后者是用于从 Spring 的 IOC 容器中获取所需的拓展。这两个类的类的代码不是很复杂,这里就不一一分析了。</p><p>Dubbo IOC 目前仅支持 setter 方式注入,总的来说,逻辑比较简单易懂。</p><h3 id=22-加载自适应扩展类>2.2 加载自适应扩展类</h3><p>自适应扩展类的含义是说,基于参数,在运行时动态选择到具体的目标类,然后执行。
在 Dubbo 中,很多拓展都是通过 SPI 机制进行加载的,比如 Protocol、Cluster、LoadBalance 等。有时,有些拓展并不想在框架启动阶段被加载,而是希望在拓展方法被调用时,根据运行时参数进行加载。这听起来有些矛盾。拓展未被加载,那么拓展方法就无法被调用(静态方法除外)。拓展方法未被调用,拓展就无法被加载。对于这个矛盾的问题,Dubbo 通过自适应拓展机制很好的解决了。自适应拓展机制的实现逻辑比较复杂,首先 Dubbo 会为拓展接口生成具有代理功能的代码。然后通过 javassist 或 jdk 编译这段代码,得到 Class 类。最后再通过反射创建代理类,整个过程比较复杂。</p><p>加载自适应扩展类的入口是 ExtensionLoader 的 getAdaptiveExtension 方法。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> T <span style=color:#268bd2>getAdaptiveExtension</span>() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 从缓存中获取自适应拓展</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Object instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedAdaptiveInstance.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (instance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果存在异常,则直接抛出</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (createAdaptiveInstanceError <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Failed to create adaptive instance: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> createAdaptiveInstanceError.toString(),
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> createAdaptiveInstanceError);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>synchronized</span> (cachedAdaptiveInstance) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> cachedAdaptiveInstance.get();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// double check</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (instance <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建自适应拓展</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 这里分为两种情况:一种是存在 Adaptive 类,另一个是需要生成 Adaptive 类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> instance <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> createAdaptiveExtension();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> cachedAdaptiveInstance.set(instance);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Throwable t) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> createAdaptiveInstanceError <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> t;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Failed to create adaptive instance: &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> t.toString(), t);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> (T) instance;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>getAdaptiveExtension 方法首先会检查缓存,缓存未命中,则调用 createAdaptiveExtension 方法创建自适应拓展。下面,我们看一下 createAdaptiveExtension 方法的代码。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> T <span style=color:#268bd2>createAdaptiveExtension</span>() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>try</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取自适应拓展类,并通过反射实例化</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> injectExtension((T) getAdaptiveExtensionClass().newInstance());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>catch</span> (Exception e) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Can not create adaptive extension ...&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>createAdaptiveExtension 方法的代码比较少,但却包含了三个逻辑,分别如下:</p><ol><li>调用 getAdaptiveExtensionClass 方法获取自适应拓展 Class 对象</li><li>通过反射进行实例化</li><li>调用 injectExtension 方法向拓展实例中注入依赖</li></ol><p>前两个逻辑比较好理解,第三个逻辑用于向自适应拓展对象中注入依赖。这个逻辑看似多余,但有存在的必要,这里简单说明一下。前面说过,Dubbo 中有两种类型的自适应拓展,一种是手工编码的,一种是自动生成的。手工编码的自适应拓展中可能存在着一些依赖,而自动生成的 Adaptive 拓展则不会依赖其他类。这里调用 injectExtension 方法的目的是为手工编码的自适应拓展注入依赖,这一点需要大家注意一下。关于 injectExtension 方法,前文已经分析过了,这里不再赘述。接下来,分析 getAdaptiveExtensionClass 方法的逻辑。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> getAdaptiveExtensionClass() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 通过 SPI 获取所有的拓展类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> getExtensionClasses();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 检查缓存,若缓存不为空,则直接返回缓存</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (cachedAdaptiveClass <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> cachedAdaptiveClass;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 创建自适应拓展类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> cachedAdaptiveClass <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> createAdaptiveExtensionClass();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>getAdaptiveExtensionClass 方法同样包含了三个逻辑,如下:</p><ol><li>调用 getExtensionClasses 获取所有的拓展类</li><li>检查缓存,若缓存不为空,则返回缓存</li><li>若缓存为空,则调用 createAdaptiveExtensionClass 创建自适应拓展类</li></ol><p>这三个逻辑看起来平淡无奇,似乎没有多讲的必要。但是这些平淡无奇的代码中隐藏了着一些细节,需要说明一下。首先从第一个逻辑说起,getExtensionClasses 这个方法用于获取某个接口的所有实现类。比如该方法可以获取 Protocol 接口的 DubboProtocol、HttpProtocol、InjvmProtocol 等实现类。在获取实现类的过程中,如果某个实现类被 Adaptive 注解修饰了,那么该类就会被赋值给 cachedAdaptiveClass 变量。此时,上面步骤中的第二步条件成立(缓存不为空),直接返回 cachedAdaptiveClass 即可。如果所有的实现类均未被 Adaptive 注解修饰,那么执行第三步逻辑,创建自适应拓展类。相关代码如下:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?&gt;</span> createAdaptiveExtensionClass() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 构建自适应拓展代码</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String code <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> AdaptiveClassCodeGenerator(type, cachedDefaultName).generate();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ClassLoader classLoader <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> findClassLoader();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取编译器实现类</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.Compiler compiler <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.Compiler.class).getAdaptiveExtension();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 编译代码,生成 Class</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> compiler.compile(code, classLoader);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>createAdaptiveExtensionClass 方法用于生成自适应拓展类,该方法首先会生成自适应拓展类的源码,然后通过 Compiler 实例(Dubbo 默认使用 javassist 作为编译器)编译源码,得到代理类 Class 实例。接下来,我们把重点放在代理类代码生成的逻辑上,其他逻辑大家自行分析。</p><h3 id=221-自适应拓展类代码生成>2.2.1 自适应拓展类代码生成</h3><p>AdaptiveClassCodeGenerator#generate 方法生成扩展类代码</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> String <span style=color:#268bd2>generate</span>() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果该接口中没有方法被 @Adaptive 注解修饰,直接抛出异常</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (<span style=color:#719e07>!</span>hasAdaptiveMethod()) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;No adaptive method exist on extension &#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> type.getName() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;, refuse to create the adaptive class!&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> StringBuilder code <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> StringBuilder();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 生成包名、import、方法等.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generatePackageInfo());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateImports());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateClassDeclaration());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Method<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> methods <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> type.getMethods();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>for</span> (Method method : methods) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateMethod(method));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;}&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> logger.debug(code.toString());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> code.toString();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=222-生成方法>2.2.2 生成方法</h4><p>上面代码中,生成方法的逻辑是最关键的,我们详细分析下。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> String <span style=color:#268bd2>generateMethod</span>(Method method) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodReturnType <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> method.getReturnType().getCanonicalName();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodName <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> method.getName();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 生成方法内容</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodContent <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> generateMethodContent(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodArgs <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> generateMethodArguments(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String methodThrows <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> generateMethodThrows(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> String.format(CODE_METHOD_DECLARATION, methodReturnType, methodName, methodArgs, methodThrows, methodContent);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>generateMethodContent 分析</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>private</span> String <span style=color:#268bd2>generateMethodContent</span>(Method method) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 该方法上必须有 @Adaptive 注解修饰</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Adaptive adaptiveAnnotation <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> method.getAnnotation(Adaptive.class);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> StringBuilder code <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> StringBuilder(512);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (adaptiveAnnotation <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 没有 @Adaptive 注解修饰,生成异常信息</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> generateUnsupported(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取 URL 在参数列表上的索引</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>int</span> urlTypeIndex <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getUrlTypeIndex(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (urlTypeIndex <span style=color:#719e07>!=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>-</span>1) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果参数列表上存在 URL,生成对 URL 进行空检查</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateUrlNullCheck(urlTypeIndex));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果参数列表不存在 URL 类型的参数,那么就看参数列表上参数对象中是否包含 getUrl 方法</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 有的话,生成 URL 空检查</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateUrlAssignmentIndirectly(method));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 解析 Adaptive 注解上的 value 属性</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> value <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> getMethodAdaptiveValue(adaptiveAnnotation);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 如果参数列表上有 Invocation 类型的参数,生成空检查并获取 methodName.</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>boolean</span> hasInvocation <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> hasInvocationArgument(method);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateInvocationArgumentNullCheck(method));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 这段逻辑主要就是为了生成 extName(也就是扩展名)</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 分为多种情况:</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 1.defaultExtName 是否存在</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 2.参数中是否存在 invocation 类型参数</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 3.是否是为 protocol 生成代理</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 为什么要对 protocol 单独考虑了?因为 URL 中有获取 protocol 值的方法</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateExtNameAssignment(value, hasInvocation));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// check extName == null?</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateExtNameNullCheck(value));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 生成获取扩展(使用 ExtensionLoader.getExtension 方法)</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateExtensionAssignment());
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 生成返回语句</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> code.append(generateReturnAndInvocation(method));
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> code.toString();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面那段逻辑主要做了如下几件事:
1.检查方法上是否 Adaptive 注解修饰
2.为方法生成代码的时候,参数列表上要有 URL(或参数对象中有 URL)
3.使用 ExtensionLoader.getExtension 获取扩展
4.执行对应的方法</p><h3 id=223-附一个动态生成代码后的例子>2.2.3 附一个动态生成代码后的例子</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#719e07>package</span> org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#719e07>import</span> org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.ExtensionLoader;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>HasAdaptiveExt$Adaptive</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>implements</span> org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive.HasAdaptiveExt {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> java.lang.String <span style=color:#268bd2>echo</span>(org.apache.dubbo.common.URL arg0,
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> java.lang.String arg1) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// URL 空校验</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (arg0 <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalArgumentException(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;url == null&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> org.apache.dubbo.common.URL url <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> arg0;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取扩展名</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> String extName <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> url.getParameter(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;has.adaptive.ext&#34;</span>, <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;adaptive&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 扩展名空校验</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (extName <span style=color:#719e07>==</span> <span style=color:#cb4b16>null</span>) {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>throw</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> IllegalStateException(
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Failed to get extension (org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive.HasAdaptiveExt) name from url (&#34;</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> url.toString() <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;) use keys([has.adaptive.ext])&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 获取扩展</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive.HasAdaptiveExt extension <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive.HasAdaptiveExt) ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(org.apache.dubbo.common.extension.adaptive.HasAdaptiveExt.class)
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> .getExtension(extName);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#586e75>// 执行对应的方法</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> extension.echo(arg0, arg1);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id=3spi-扩展示例>3.SPI 扩展示例</h2><h3 id=31--加载固定扩展类>3.1 加载固定扩展类</h3><h3 id=311-编写-spi-接口及实现类>3.1.1 编写 SPI 接口及实现类</h3><p>不管是 Java SPI,还是 Dubbo 中实现的 SPI,都需要编写接口。不过 Dubbo 中的接口需要被 @SPI 注解修饰。</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>@SPI</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>interface</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>DemoSpi</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>say</span>();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>DemoSpiImpl</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>implements</span> DemoSpi {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>say</span>() {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=312-将实现类放在特定目录下>3.1.2 将实现类放在特定目录下</h4><p>从上面的代码可知,dubbo 在加载扩展类的时候,会从四个目录中读取。我们在 META-INF/dubbo 目录下新建一个以 DemoSpi 接口名为文件名的文件,内容如下:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-text data-lang=text><span style=display:flex><span>demoSpiImpl = com.xxx.xxx.DemoSpiImpl(为 DemoSpi 接口实现类的全类名)
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=313-使用>3.1.3 使用</h4><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>DubboSPITest</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Test</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>sayHello</span>() <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> Exception {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ExtensionLoader<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>DemoSpi<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> extensionLoader <span style=color:#719e07>=</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DemoSpi.class);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> DemoSpi dmeoSpi <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> extensionLoader.getExtension(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;demoSpiImpl&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> optimusPrime.sayHello();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=32-加载自适应扩展类>3.2 加载自适应扩展类</h3><p>这个以 Protocol 为例进行说明</p><h3 id=321-protocol-接口抽取部分核心方法>3.2.1 Protocol 接口(抽取部分核心方法)</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>@SPI</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;dubbo&#34;</span>)
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>interface</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>Protocol</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Adaptive</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> Exporter<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>export</span>(Invoker<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> invoker) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Adaptive</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>refer</span>(Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> type, URL url) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>DubboProtocol</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>extends</span> AbstractProtocol {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ......
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> Invoker<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>refer</span>(Class<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> type, URL url) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> protocolBindingRefer(type, url);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> Exporter<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>export</span>(Invoker<span style=color:#719e07>&lt;</span>T<span style=color:#719e07>&gt;</span> invoker) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> RpcException {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ......
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> exporter;
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=322-将实现类放在特定目录下>3.2.2 将实现类放在特定目录下</h3><p>在 dubbo 中,该配置路径 META-INF/dubbo/internal/org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-text data-lang=text><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo=org.apache.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboProtocol
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>需要说明一点的是,在 dubbo 中,并不是直接使用 DubboProtocol 的,而是使用的是其包装类。</p><h3 id=323-使用>3.2.3 使用</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>DubboAdaptiveTest</span> {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Test</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#dc322f>void</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>sayHello</span>() <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> Exception {
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> URL url <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> URL.valueOf(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;dubbo://localhost/test&#34;</span>);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> Protocol adaptiveProtocol <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getAdaptiveExtension();
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> adaptiveProtocol.refer(type, url);
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> }
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>}
</span></span></code></pre></div><div id=pre-footer><h2>反馈</h2><p class=feedback--prompt>此页是否对您有帮助?</p><button class="btn btn-primary mb-4 feedback--yes"></button>
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<a href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo/issues/new target=_blank><i class="fas fa-tasks fa-fw"></i> 提交项目问题</a></div><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#1简介>1.简介</a><ul><li><a href=#11-加载固定的扩展类>1.1 加载固定的扩展类</a></li><li><a href=#12-加载自适应扩展类>1.2 加载自适应扩展类</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#2-dubbo-spi-源码分析>2. Dubbo SPI 源码分析</a><ul><li><a href=#21-加载固定的扩展类>2.1 加载固定的扩展类</a></li><li><a href=#211-获取所有的拓展类>2.1.1 获取所有的拓展类</a></li><li><a href=#212-dubbo-ioc>2.1.2 Dubbo IOC</a></li><li><a href=#22-加载自适应扩展类>2.2 加载自适应扩展类</a></li><li><a href=#221-自适应拓展类代码生成>2.2.1 自适应拓展类代码生成</a></li><li><a href=#223-附一个动态生成代码后的例子>2.2.3 附一个动态生成代码后的例子</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#3spi-扩展示例>3.SPI 扩展示例</a><ul><li><a href=#31--加载固定扩展类>3.1 加载固定扩展类</a></li><li><a href=#311-编写-spi-接口及实现类>3.1.1 编写 SPI 接口及实现类</a></li><li><a href=#32-加载自适应扩展类>3.2 加载自适应扩展类</a></li><li><a href=#321-protocol-接口抽取部分核心方法>3.2.1 Protocol 接口(抽取部分核心方法)</a></li><li><a href=#322-将实现类放在特定目录下>3.2.2 将实现类放在特定目录下</a></li><li><a href=#323-使用>3.2.3 使用</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none footer-margin-0"><div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5"><div class=row><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-xs-center order-sm-2"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Dubbo mailing list archive" aria-label="Dubbo mailing list archive"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-right text-xs-center order-sm-3"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=GitHub aria-label=GitHub><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Subscribe to mailing list" aria-label="Subscribe to mailing list"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=mailto:dev-subscribe@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-4 text-center py-2 order-sm-2"><small class=text-white>&copy; 2024 The Apache Software Foundation. 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