| <!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js><head><meta name=ROBOTS content="INDEX, FOLLOW"><link rel=alternate hreflang=zh-cn href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/overview/core-features/service-discovery/><link rel=canonical href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/core-features/service-discovery/><script>var _hmt=_hmt||[];(function(){var e,t=document.createElement("script");t.src="https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?3b78f49ba47181e4d998a66b689446e9",e=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],e.parentNode.insertBefore(t,e)})()</script><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta http-equiv=Content-Security-Policy content="frame-src *"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.122.0"><link rel="shortcut icon" type=image/png href=/imgs/favicon.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon href=/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png sizes=180x180><link rel=manifest href=/manifest.webmanifest><title>Service Discovery | Apache Dubbo</title><meta property="og:title" content="Service Discovery"> |
| <meta property="og:description" content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:url" content="https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/core-features/service-discovery/"><meta property="article:section" content="overview"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-10-18T10:05:04+08:00"><meta itemprop=name content="Service Discovery"><meta itemprop=description content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2023-10-18T10:05:04+08:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="713"><meta itemprop=keywords content><meta name=twitter:card content="summary"><meta name=twitter:title content="Service Discovery"><meta name=twitter:description content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-NM6FFMT51J"></script><script>var doNotTrack=!1;if(!doNotTrack){window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag("js",new Date),gtag("config","G-NM6FFMT51J",{anonymize_ip:!1})}</script><link rel=preload href=/scss/main.min.f77e221bcdbe0cadb996060fe82063c747b60c229a1f8bbf0ee529adbadd84fa.css as=style><link href=/scss/main.min.f77e221bcdbe0cadb996060fe82063c747b60c229a1f8bbf0ee529adbadd84fa.css rel=stylesheet integrity><script src=/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js integrity="sha256-9/aliU8dGd2tb6OSsuzixeV4y/faTqgFtohetphbbj0=" crossorigin=anonymous></script><meta name=theme-color content="#326ce5"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/feature-states.css><meta name=description content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><meta property="og:description" content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><meta name=twitter:description content="Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper. |
| Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism: |
| Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes."><meta property="og:url" content="https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/core-features/service-discovery/"><meta property="og:title" content="Service Discovery"><meta name=twitter:title content="Service Discovery"><meta name=twitter:image:alt content="Apache Dubbo"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><script async defer src=/js/github-buttons.js></script><link href=/css/community.css rel=stylesheet><link href=/css/contactus.css rel=stylesheet><link href=/css/language.css rel=stylesheet><script src=/js/script.js></script></head><body class="td-page td-documentation"><header><nav class="js-navbar-scroll navbar navbar-expand navbar-dark flex-column flex-md-row td-navbar" data-auto-burger=primary><a class=navbar-brand href=/en/><span class=navbar-logo></span><span class="text-uppercase font-weight-bold">Apache Dubbo</span></a><div class="td-navbar-nav-scroll ml-md-auto" id=main_navbar><ul class="navbar-nav mt-2 mt-lg-0"><li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0"><a class="nav-link active" href=/en/overview/><span class=active>Overview</span></a></li><li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0"><a class=nav-link href=/en/docs3-v2/><span>SDK Manual</span></a></li><li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0"><a class=nav-link href=/en/blog/><span>Blog</span></a></li><li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0"><a class=nav-link href=/en/download/><span>Download</span></a></li><li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0"><a class=nav-link href=https://start.dubbo.apache.org/bootstrap.html target=_blank><span>Initializer</span><i class='fas fa-external-link-alt'></i></a></li><li class="nav-item dropdown d-lg-block"><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href=# id=navbarDropdownMenuLink role=button data-toggle=dropdown aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false>English</a><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby=navbarDropdownMenuLink><a class=dropdown-item href=/zh-cn/overview/core-features/service-discovery/>中文</a></div></li><li class="nav-item dropdown d-lg-block"><div class="nav-item d-none d-lg-block"></div></li></ul></div></nav><section class="header-hero text-white pb-0 light-text"></section></header><div class="container-fluid td-outer"><div class=td-main><div class="row flex-md-nowrap"><div class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 td-sidebar d-print-none"><script>$(function(){$("#td-section-nav a").removeClass("active"),$("#td-section-nav #m-enoverviewcore-featuresservice-discovery").addClass("active"),$("#td-section-nav #m-enoverviewcore-featuresservice-discovery-li span").addClass("td-sidebar-nav-active-item"),$("#td-section-nav #m-enoverviewcore-featuresservice-discovery").parents("li").addClass("active-path"),$("#td-section-nav li.active-path").addClass("show"),$("#td-section-nav li.active-path").children("input").prop("checked",!0),$("#td-section-nav #m-enoverviewcore-featuresservice-discovery-li").siblings("li").addClass("show"),$("#td-section-nav #m-enoverviewcore-featuresservice-discovery-li").children("ul").children("li").addClass("show"),$("#td-sidebar-menu").toggleClass("d-none")})</script><div id=td-sidebar-menu class="td-sidebar__inner d-none"><div id=content-mobile><form class="td-sidebar__search d-flex align-items-center"><button class="btn btn-link td-sidebar__toggle d-md-none p-0 ml-3 fas fa-bars" type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#td-section-nav aria-controls=td-docs-nav aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle section navigation"></button></form></div><div id=content-desktop></div><nav class="collapse td-sidebar-nav foldable-nav" id=td-section-nav><ul class="td-sidebar-nav__section pr-md-3 ul-0"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-enoverview-li><ul class=ul-1><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-enoverviewwhat-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enoverviewwhat-check> |
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| <label for=m-enoverviewnoticeslog4j-check><a href=/en/overview/notices/log4j/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enoverviewnoticeslog4j><span>Log4j vulnerability impact</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/>Overview</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/core-features/>Features</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/overview/core-features/service-discovery/ aria-disabled=true class="btn-link disabled">Service Discovery</a></li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>Service Discovery</h1><header class=article-meta></header><p>Dubbo provides a Client-Based service discovery mechanism, relying on third-party registry components to coordinate the service discovery process. It supports popular registries like Nacos, Consul, and Zookeeper.</p><p>Below is a basic workflow diagram for Dubbo’s service discovery mechanism:</p><p><img src=/imgs/v3/feature/service-discovery/arc.png alt=service-discovery></p><p>Service discovery involves three roles: providers, consumers, and the registry. In this setup, Dubbo provider instances register their URL addresses with the registry, which aggregates this data. Dubbo consumers read the address list from the registry and subscribe to changes. Whenever the address list changes, the registry notifies all subscribed consumer instances.</p><h2 id=service-discovery-for-million-scale-clusters>Service Discovery for Million-Scale Clusters</h2><p>Unlike many other microservices frameworks, <strong>Dubbo 3’s service discovery is born out of Alibaba’s large-scale e-commerce microservices cluster. Therefore, it significantly outperforms most mainstream open-source products in terms of performance, scalability, and ease of use.</strong> It is the best choice for enterprises to build scalable microservices clusters for the future.</p><p><img src=/imgs/v3/feature/service-discovery/arc2.png alt=service-discovery></p><ul><li>First, Dubbo’s registry aggregates instance data at the application granularity level, allowing consumers to subscribe precisely according to their needs, thereby avoiding the performance bottleneck caused by full subscriptions in most open-source frameworks like Istio and Spring Cloud.</li><li>Second, Dubbo SDK has heavily optimized the consumer-side address list processing, adding asynchronous notifications, caching, bitmap, and various parsing optimizations to avoid resource fluctuations commonly seen during address updates.</li><li>Finally, in terms of feature richness and ease of use, besides synchronizing basic endpoint information like IP and port to consumers, Dubbo also synchronizes the metadata information of the server’s RPC/HTTP services and their configurations to the consumer side, allowing for finer-grained collaboration between consumers and providers.</li></ul><h3 id=efficient-address-push-implementation>Efficient Address Push Implementation</h3><p>From the registry’s perspective, it aggregates the instance addresses of the entire cluster based on the application name (<code>dubbo.application.name</code>). Each service-providing instance registers its own application name, instance IP:port address information (usually also containing a small amount of instance metadata, such as the machine’s region, environment, etc.) with the registry.</p><blockquote><p>Dubbo2’s registry aggregates instance addresses at the service granularity, which is finer than application granularity and thus means more data transfer. This has led to some performance issues in large-scale clusters. |
| For the inconsistency between the data models of Dubbo2 and Dubbo3, Dubbo3 provides a <a href=/zh-cn/overview/mannual/java-sdk/upgrades-and-compatibility/service-discovery/migration-service-discovery/>smooth migration solution</a> that makes the model change transparent to users.</p></blockquote><p><img src=/imgs/v3/feature/service-discovery/registry-data.png alt=service-discovery></p><br>Each consumer service instance subscribes to the instance address list from the registry. Unlike some products that load all registry data (application + instance address) into local processes, Dubbo implements precise, on-demand address subscription. For example, if a consumer application depends on app1 and app2, it will only subscribe to the address list updates of app1 and app2, significantly reducing the burden of redundant data pushing and parsing.<p></p><br><p><img src=/imgs/v3/feature/service-discovery/subscription2.png alt=service-discovery></p><h3 id=rich-metadata-configuration>Rich Metadata Configuration</h3><p>In addition to interacting with the registry, Dubbo 3’s complete address discovery process also has an additional metadata path, known as the Metadata Service. Instance addresses and metadata together form the effective address list on the consumer side.</p><p><img src=/imgs/v3/feature/service-discovery/metadata.png alt=service-discovery></p><p>The complete workflow is shown above. First, the consumer receives the address (IP:port) information from the registry, then establishes a connection with the provider and reads the metadata configuration information from the Metadata Service. These two pieces of information together form the effective, service-oriented address list for Dubbo’s consumer side. Both of these steps occur before the actual RPC service invocation takes place.</p><blockquote><p>For the definition of MetadataService and a complete analysis of the service discovery process, please refer to <a href=/en/blog/1/01/01/application-level-service-discovery/>Detailed Application-Level Service Discovery</a>.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>For data synchronization in microservices’ service discovery models, REST has defined a very interesting maturity model. Interested readers can refer to the link here <a href=https://www.martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html>https://www.martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html</a>. According to the article’s 4-level maturity definition, Dubbo’s current model based on interface granularity corresponds to the highest L4 level.</p></blockquote><h2 id=configuration-methods>Configuration Methods</h2><p>Dubbo service discovery extends support for multiple registry components, such as Nacos, Zookeeper, Consul, Redis, Kubernetes, etc. It can be switched through configuration and also supports authentication and namespace isolation configurations. For specific configuration methods, please refer to the SDK documentation:</p><ul><li><a href=/en/docs3-v2/java-sdk/reference-manual/registry>Java</a></li><li><a href=/en/docs3-v2/golang-sdk/tutorial/develop/registry>Golang</a></li><li><a href=/en/docs3-v2/rust-sdk/>Rust</a></li></ul><p>Dubbo also supports scenarios of multiple registries within a single application, such as dual registration, dual subscription, etc. This is very useful for implementing data exchange between different clusters and cluster migration. We will add <code>Best Practices</code> examples to future documentation to illustrate this part.</p><h2 id=custom-extensions>Custom Extensions</h2><p>Registry adaptation supports custom extension implementation. For details, please refer to <a href=/en/overview/core-features/extensibility/>Dubbo Extensibility</a>.</p><div id=pre-footer><h2>Feedback</h2><p class=feedback--prompt>Was this page helpful?</p><button class="btn btn-primary mb-4 feedback--yes">Yes</button> |
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