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<label for=m-enblog20200518past-releases-check><a href=/en/blog/2020/05/18/past-releases/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20200518past-releases><span>Past Releases</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/news/>Articles</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/2018/08/14/manipulating-services-dynamically-via-qos/ aria-disabled=true class="btn-link disabled">Dubbo QoS Introduction</a></li></ol></nav><section id=deprecation-warning><div class="content deprecation-warning pageinfo outdated-blog"><p>This article is more than one year old. Older articles may contain outdated content. Check that the information in the page has not become incorrect since its publication.</p></div></section><div class=td-content><h1>Manipulating Services Dynamically via QoS</h1><div class=lead>This article introduces how to use Dubbo&rsquo;s QoS to achieve dynamic configuration.</div><div class="td-byline mb-4"><time datetime=2018-08-14 class=text-muted>Tuesday, August 14, 2018</time></div><header class=article-meta></header><h1 id=manipulating-services-dynamically-via-qos>Manipulating Services Dynamically via QoS</h1><p>QoS (short form of <strong>Quality of Service</strong>), is a common terminology talking about network devices. For example, by adjusting and manipulating the weights of ports of a router dynamically via QoS, engineers could give priority to services running on these ports and make sure these services&rsquo; quality and reliability.</p><p>In Dubbo, QoS is used to query and manipulate services dynamically, like getting a list of active provider and consumer services, and launching or withdrawing services (i.e registering to or unregistering services from registration center).</p><h2 id=mechanism-of-qos>Mechanism of QoS</h2><p>From 2.5.8, QoS is introduced into Dubbo and is activated by default. All QoS&rsquo;s features are abstracted to commands, which could be executed to get responses from QoS.</p><blockquote><p>QoS is based on Netty4. In versions earlier than 2.6.x, Dubbo relies on Netty3, so you have to add Netty4 as a dependency explicitly to ensure that Netty4 works. If you generate a Dubbo application on <a href=http://start.dubbo.io>http://start.dubbo.io</a>, there&rsquo;s no need to add configurations because Netty4 is listed as a dependency by default.</p></blockquote><p><img src=/imgs/blog/qos-architecture.png alt=undefined></p><p>The picture above shows how QoS works:</p><ol><li>Start and listen to a port (22222 by default).</li><li>Choose a corresponding request handler by detecting the protocol (telnet or http) a request comply with.</li><li>Decode and parse the request to generate corresponding command according to the protocol.</li><li>Execute commands and return with responses.</li></ol><h3 id=qos-commands>QoS Commands:</h3><p>Commands that QoS supports at the current moment include:</p><ul><li><code>help</code>, list available commands</li><li><code>ls</code>: list all active provider services and consumer services</li><li><code>online</code>: dynamically register a service or all services to registration center</li><li><code>offline</code>: dynamically remove (unregister) a services or all services from registration center</li><li><code>quit</code>: quit the current telnet session</li></ul><p>Now we are going to demonstrate how to manipulate services dynamically via QoS.</p><h4 id=access-qos-via-telnet>Access QoS via Telnet</h4><p>Assuming that our Dubbo server has started, connect to it via telnet:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span style=display:flex><span>$ telnet localhost <span style=color:#2aa198>22222</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Trying 127.0.0.1...
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Connected to localhost.
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Escape character is <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;^]&#39;</span>.
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>A <code>dubbo></code> prompt would show up once you connect to server. Now input <code>help</code>:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;help
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| <span style=color:#b58900>help</span> | <span style=color:#b58900>help</span> <span style=color:#b58900>command</span> |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| ls | ls service |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| offline | offline dubbo |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| online | online dubbo |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| quit | quit telnet console |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>This command lists all available commands with explanations.</p><p>You can also use <code>help</code> to a specific command to read examples of that command.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;help online
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| COMMAND NAME | online |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| EXAMPLE | online dubbo |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| | online xx.xx.xxx.service |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Use <code>ls</code> to check services&rsquo; status:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;ls
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Provider side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| Provider Service Name |PUB|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService| Y |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Consumer side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|Consumer Service Name|NUM|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>There is a service named <code>org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService</code> in the provider side. <code>PUB=Y</code> in the second columns means that the service has been published to the registration center, waiting to be called by the consumer side.</p><p>Assuming that we need to withdraw a service dynamically, we can use <code>offline</code> command:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;offline org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>OK
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>You can see that the command responds with <code>OK</code>. Check the services&rsquo; status using <code>ls</code>:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;ls
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Provider side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| Provider Service Name |PUB|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService| N |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Consumer side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|Consumer Service Name|NUM|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>You can see that <code>PUB</code> of <code>org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService</code> has been set to <code>N</code>.</p><p>Quit the current telnet session using <code>quit</code>:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo&gt;quit
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>BYE!
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Connection closed by foreign host.
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=access-qos-via-http>Access QoS via HTTP</h4><p>In the example above we performed an offline action to <code>org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService</code>. Now we are going to demonstrate how to register the service above via HTTP.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>$ curl -i http://localhost:22222/online?service<span style=color:#719e07>=</span>org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>HTTP/1.1 <span style=color:#2aa198>200</span> OK
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Content-Type: text/plain
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Content-Length: <span style=color:#2aa198>2</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>OK%
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>Beware of the parameters of online action. They need to be provided in the form of <code>key=value</code>. However, <code>key</code> would be ignored actually.</p></blockquote><p>The action responds with <code>OK</code>. Now use <code>ls</code> to check providers&rsquo; status at the current moment.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>$ curl -i http://localhost:22222/ls
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>HTTP/1.1 200 OK
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Content-Type: text/plain
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Content-Length: 365
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Provider side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>| Provider Service Name |PUB|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService| Y |
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+------------------------------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>As Consumer side:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>|Consumer Service Name|NUM|
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>+---------------------+---+
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>You can see that the service&rsquo;s <code>PUB</code> status has been changed to <code>Y</code>.</p><h3 id=qos-parameters>QoS&rsquo; Parameters</h3><p>You can use parameters that QoS provides to config its startup. These parameters include:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Explanation</th><th>Default</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>qosEnable</td><td>Activate QoS or not</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td>qosPort</td><td>The port QoS would bind to</td><td>22222</td></tr><tr><td>qosAcceptForeignIp</td><td>Enable remote access or not</td><td>false</td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote><p>Attention. From 2.6.4/2.7.0, <code>qosAcceptForeignIp</code> is set to <code>false</code> by default, because it&rsquo;s risky if this property is set to <code>true</code>. Think twice before you turn it on.</p></blockquote><p>You can configure these parameters in the following ways:</p><ul><li>System property</li><li><code>dubbo.properties</code></li><li>XML</li><li>Spring-boot auto configuration</li></ul><p>They have priority in the following order: system property > <code>dubbo.properties</code> > XML > spring-boot.</p><h4 id=system-property>System Property</h4><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>-Ddubbo.application.qos.enable=true
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>-Ddubbo.application.qos.port=33333
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>-Ddubbo.application.qos.accept.foreign.ip=false
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=dubboproperties><code>Dubbo.properties</code></h4><p>Create a <code>dubbo.properties</code> file in this directory <code>src/main/resources</code> in your project, and copy the following codes into it:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qos.enable=true
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qos.port=33333
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qos.accept.foreign.ip=false
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=xml>XML</h4><p>If you are going to config using XML, you can try this:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-xml data-lang=xml><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#719e07>&lt;?xml version=&#34;1.0&#34; encoding=&#34;UTF-8&#34;?&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;beans</span> xmlns=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> xmlns:xsi=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> xmlns:dubbo=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> xsi:schemaLocation=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#2aa198> http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#2aa198> http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:application</span> name=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;demo-provider&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:parameter</span> key=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;qos.enable&#34;</span> value=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;true&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:parameter</span> key=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;qos.accept.foreign.ip&#34;</span> value=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;false&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:parameter</span> key=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;qos.port&#34;</span> value=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;33333&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dubbo:application&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:registry</span> address=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;multicast://224.5.6.7:1234&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:protocol</span> name=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;dubbo&#34;</span> port=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;20880&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;dubbo:service</span> interface=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoService&#34;</span> ref=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;demoService&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;bean</span> id=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;demoService&#34;</span> class=<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoServiceImpl&#34;</span><span style=color:#268bd2>/&gt;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/beans&gt;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id=spring-boot-auto-configuration><code>spring-boot</code> auto configuration</h4><p>If you are developing a spring-boot application, you can configure in <code>application.properties</code> or <code>application.yml</code>:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qosEnable=true
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qosPort=33333
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>dubbo.application.qosAcceptForeignIp=false
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul class="list-unstyled d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-0 pt-5"><li><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop/ aria-label="Previous - Source code analysis of spring-boot+Dubbo App start and stop" class="btn btn-primary"><span class=mr-1>←</span>Previous</a></li><li><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/dubbo-basic-usage--dubbo-provider-configuration/ aria-label="Next - Dubbo Basic Usage -- Dubbo Provider Configuration" class="btn btn-primary">Next<span class=ml-1>β†’</span></a></li></ul></div><div id=pre-footer><h2>Feedback</h2><p class=feedback--prompt>Was this page helpful?</p><button class="btn btn-primary mb-4 feedback--yes">Yes</button>
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<a href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo/issues/new target=_blank><i class="fas fa-tasks fa-fw"></i> Create project issue</a></div><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#mechanism-of-qos>Mechanism of QoS</a><ul><li><a href=#qos-commands>QoS Commands:</a></li><li><a href=#qos-parameters>QoS&rsquo; Parameters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><div class="taxonomy taxonomy-terms-cloud taxo-tags"><h5 class=taxonomy-title>Tags</h5><ul class=taxonomy-terms><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/ecosystem/ data-taxonomy-term=ecosystem><span class=taxonomy-label>ecosystem</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/news/ data-taxonomy-term=news><span class=taxonomy-label>news</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/opentelemetry/ data-taxonomy-term=opentelemetry><span class=taxonomy-label>OpenTelemetry</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/tracing/ data-taxonomy-term=tracing><span class=taxonomy-label>tracing</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none footer-margin-0"><div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5"><div class=row><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-xs-center order-sm-2"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Dubbo mailing list archive" aria-label="Dubbo mailing list archive"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-right text-xs-center order-sm-3"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=GitHub aria-label=GitHub><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Subscribe to mailing list" aria-label="Subscribe to mailing list"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=mailto:dev-subscribe@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-4 text-center py-2 order-sm-2"><small class=text-white>&copy; 2024 The Apache Software Foundation. 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