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| <label for=m-enblog20180814manipulating-services-dynamically-via-qos-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/manipulating-services-dynamically-via-qos/ title="Manipulating Services Dynamically via QoS" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180814manipulating-services-dynamically-via-qos><span>Dubbo QoS Introduction</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180814source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180814source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180814source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop/ title="Source code analysis of spring-boot+Dubbo App start and stop" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180814source-code-analysis-of-spring-boot-dubbo-app-start-and-stop><span>Dubbo start/stop in spring boot</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180814implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2js-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180814implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2js-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180814implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2js-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2.js/ title="Implementation of cross-language calls by Dubbo2.js" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180814implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2js><span>dubbo2.js introduction</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180814generic-invoke-of-dubbo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180814generic-invoke-of-dubbo-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180814generic-invoke-of-dubbo-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/generic-invoke-of-dubbo/ title="Generic invoke of Dubbo" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180814generic-invoke-of-dubbo><span>Generic invoke</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180814native-image-using-graalvm-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180814native-image-using-graalvm-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180814native-image-using-graalvm-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/native-image-using-graalvm/ title="Native Image using GraalVM" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180814native-image-using-graalvm><span>Native Image</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180810dubbos-load-balance-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180810dubbos-load-balance-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180810dubbos-load-balance-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/10/dubbos-load-balance/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180810dubbos-load-balance><span>Dubbo's Load Balance</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180807use-annotations-in-dubbo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180807use-annotations-in-dubbo-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180807use-annotations-in-dubbo-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/07/use-annotations-in-dubbo/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180807use-annotations-in-dubbo><span>Use Annotations In Dubbo</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180807using-zookeeper-in-dubbo-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180807using-zookeeper-in-dubbo-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180807using-zookeeper-in-dubbo-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/07/using-zookeeper-in-dubbo/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180807using-zookeeper-in-dubbo><span>Using Zookeeper in Dubbo</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180807dubbo-101-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180807dubbo-101-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180807dubbo-101-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/07/dubbo-101/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180807dubbo-101><span>Your First Dubbo Demo</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180730the-third-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-shenzhen-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180730the-third-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-shenzhen-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180730the-third-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-shenzhen-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/07/30/the-third-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-shenzhen/ title="The third Dubbo meetup has been held in Shenzhen" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180730the-third-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-shenzhen><span>The third Dubbo meetup</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180727sentinel-the-flow-sentinel-of-dubbo-services-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180727sentinel-the-flow-sentinel-of-dubbo-services-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180727sentinel-the-flow-sentinel-of-dubbo-services-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/07/27/sentinel-the-flow-sentinel-of-dubbo-services/ title="Sentinel: The flow sentinel of Dubbo services" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180727sentinel-the-flow-sentinel-of-dubbo-services><span>Introduce sentinel</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180712tracking-with-pinpoint-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180712tracking-with-pinpoint-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180712tracking-with-pinpoint-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/07/12/tracking-with-pinpoint/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180712tracking-with-pinpoint><span>Tracking with Pinpoint</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180701your-first-dubbo-filter-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180701your-first-dubbo-filter-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180701your-first-dubbo-filter-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/07/01/your-first-dubbo-filter/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180701your-first-dubbo-filter><span>Your First Dubbo Filter</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180623the-second-dubbo-shanghai-meetup-has-been-held-successfully-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180623the-second-dubbo-shanghai-meetup-has-been-held-successfully-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180623the-second-dubbo-shanghai-meetup-has-been-held-successfully-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/06/23/the-second-dubbo-shanghai-meetup-has-been-held-successfully/ title="The second Dubbo Shanghai meetup has been held successfully" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180623the-second-dubbo-shanghai-meetup-has-been-held-successfully><span>The second Dubbo meetup</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180512the-first-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-beijing-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180512the-first-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-beijing-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180512the-first-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-beijing-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/05/12/the-first-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-beijing/ title="The first Dubbo meetup has been held in Beijing" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180512the-first-dubbo-meetup-has-been-held-in-beijing><span>The first Dubbo meetup</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180502the-apachecon-na-schedule-has-been-announced-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180502the-apachecon-na-schedule-has-been-announced-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180502the-apachecon-na-schedule-has-been-announced-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/05/02/the-apachecon-na-schedule-has-been-announced/ title="The ApacheCon NA schedule has been announced" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180502the-apachecon-na-schedule-has-been-announced><span>ApacheCon NA</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180425the-gsocgoogle-summer-of-code-2018-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180425the-gsocgoogle-summer-of-code-2018-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180425the-gsocgoogle-summer-of-code-2018-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/04/25/the-gsocgoogle-summer-of-code-2018/ title="The GSoC(Google Summer of Code) 2018" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180425the-gsocgoogle-summer-of-code-2018><span>GSoC 2018</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20180422dubbo-roadmap-is-announced-in-qcon-beijing-2018-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20180422dubbo-roadmap-is-announced-in-qcon-beijing-2018-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20180422dubbo-roadmap-is-announced-in-qcon-beijing-2018-check><a href=/en/blog/2018/04/22/dubbo-roadmap-is-announced-in-qcon-beijing-2018/ title="Dubbo roadmap is announced in QCon Beijing 2018" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20180422dubbo-roadmap-is-announced-in-qcon-beijing-2018><span>QCon Beijing 2018</span></a></label></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-enblogproposals-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblogproposals-check> |
| <label for=m-enblogproposals-check><a href=/en/blog/proposals/ title="Proposals About Apache Dubbo" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-enblogproposals><span>Proposals</span></a></label><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog10101application-level-service-discovery-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog10101application-level-service-discovery-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog10101application-level-service-discovery-check><a href=/en/blog/1/01/01/application-level-service-discovery/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog10101application-level-service-discovery><span>Application-Level Service Discovery</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog10101enhanced-http-standard-capabilities-of-triple-protocol-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog10101enhanced-http-standard-capabilities-of-triple-protocol-check> |
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| <label for=m-enblogreleases-check><a href=/en/blog/releases/ title="New Releases" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-enblogreleases><span>Releases</span></a></label><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog202109202714-release-note-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog202109202714-release-note-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog202109202714-release-note-check><a href=/en/blog/2021/09/20/2.7.14-release-note/ title="2.7.14 Release Note" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog202109202714-release-note><span>2.7.14</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog202108233021-release-note-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog202108233021-release-note-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog202108233021-release-note-check><a href=/en/blog/2021/08/23/3.0.2.1-release-note/ title="3.0.2.1 Release Note" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog202108233021-release-note><span>3.0.2.1</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20210818302-release-note-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20210818302-release-note-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20210818302-release-note-check><a href=/en/blog/2021/08/18/3.0.2-release-note/ title="3.0.2 Release Note" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20210818302-release-note><span>3.0.2</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20210702301-release-note-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20210702301-release-note-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20210702301-release-note-check><a href=/en/blog/2021/07/02/3.0.1-release-note/ title="3.0.1 Release Note" class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20210702301-release-note><span>3.0.1</span></a></label></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-enblog20200518past-releases-li><input type=checkbox id=m-enblog20200518past-releases-check> |
| <label for=m-enblog20200518past-releases-check><a href=/en/blog/2020/05/18/past-releases/ class="align-left pl-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-enblog20200518past-releases><span>Past Releases</span></a></label></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/news/>Articles</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/blog/2018/08/14/generic-invoke-of-dubbo/ aria-disabled=true class="btn-link disabled">Generic invoke</a></li></ol></nav><section id=deprecation-warning><div class="content deprecation-warning pageinfo outdated-blog"><p>This article is more than one year old. Older articles may contain outdated content. Check that the information in the page has not become incorrect since its publication.</p></div></section><div class=td-content><h1>Generic invoke of Dubbo</h1><div class=lead>This article introduces you when and how to use generic invoke of Dubbo.</div><div class="td-byline mb-4"><time datetime=2018-08-14 class=text-muted>Tuesday, August 14, 2018</time></div><header class=article-meta></header><h1 id=generic-invoke-of-dubbo>Generic invoke of Dubbo</h1><p>The generic invoke could be considered to be used in the following cases:</p><ul><li>Service test platform</li><li>API service gateway</li></ul><p>The generic invoke is mainly used when the consumer does not have an API interface; |
| instead of depending the interface jar package, the service call is initiated directly through the GenericService interface, and all POJOs in the parameters and return values are represented by a <code>Map</code>. |
| Generic invoke does not require attention on the server and can be exposed as normal services.</p><p>Next, let’s take a look at how the consumer uses generic invoke for service call.</p><h2 id=generic-invoke-through-spring-xml-configuration>Generic invoke through Spring XML configuration</h2><p>Declare <code>generic="true"</code> in Spring configuration, such as</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-xml data-lang=xml><span style=display:flex><span>"userService" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.IUserService" generic="true"/> |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Where you need to use it, you can call it by forcing a type cast to GenericService.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span>GenericService userService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (GenericService) context.getBean(<span style=color:#2aa198>"userService"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// primary param and return value</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>String name <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (String) userService.$invoke(<span style=color:#2aa198>"delete"</span>, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{<span style=color:#dc322f>int</span>.class.getName()}, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Object<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{1}); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>System.out.println(name); |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Among them,</p><ol><li><p>The interface GenericService has only one method, named $invoke, which takes three arguments, a method name, an array of method parameter types, and an array of parameter values.</p></li><li><p>For arrays of method parameter types</p><p>i. If it is a basic type, such as int or long, use <code>int.class.getName()</code> to get its type;</p><p>ii. If it is a basic type array, such as int[], use <code>int[].class.getName()</code>;</p><p>iii. If it is a POJO, use the full class name directly, such as <code>com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.Params</code>.</p></li></ol><h2 id=generic-invoke-through-api-programming>Generic invoke through API programming</h2><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span>ApplicationConfig application <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ApplicationConfig()ApplicationConfig application <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ApplicationConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setName(<span style=color:#2aa198>"api-generic-consumer"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>RegistryConfig registry <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RegistryConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>registry.setAddress(<span style=color:#2aa198>"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setRegistry(registry); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span> reference <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// weak type interface name</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference.setInterface(<span style=color:#2aa198>"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.IUserService"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// declared as a generalized interface</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference.setGeneric(<span style=color:#cb4b16>true</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference.setApplication(application); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// replace all interface references with com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>GenericService genericService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> reference.get(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>String name <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (String) genericService.$invoke(<span style=color:#2aa198>"delete"</span>, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{<span style=color:#dc322f>int</span>.class.getName()}, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Object<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{1}); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>System.out.println(name); |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Through the API, you don’t need to configure the service in advance like XML. You can dynamically construct ReferenceConfig; the API is more common than XML.</p><h2 id=the-case-where-parameters-or-return-values-are-pojos>The case where parameters or return values are POJOs</h2><p>For example, the method signature is <code>User get(Params params)</code>, where <code>User</code> has two attributes, id and name, and <code>Params</code> has one attribute, query.</p><p>The following is the code of the consumer:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span>String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> parameterTypes <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{<span style=color:#2aa198>"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.Params"</span>}; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Map<span style=color:#719e07><</span>String, Object<span style=color:#719e07>></span> params <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> HashMap<span style=color:#719e07><</span>String, Object<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>param.put(<span style=color:#2aa198>"class"</span>, <span style=color:#2aa198>"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.Params"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>param.put(<span style=color:#2aa198>"query"</span>, <span style=color:#2aa198>"a=b"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Object user <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> userService.$invoke(<span style=color:#2aa198>"get"</span>, parameterTypes, <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> Object<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span>{param}); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>System.out.println(<span style=color:#2aa198>"sample one result: "</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> user); |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>The output of the above code is:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-fallback data-lang=fallback><span style=display:flex><span>sample one result: {name=charles, id=1, class=com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.User} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Here, the Dubbo framework will automatically convert the return value from POJO to Map. |
| It can be seen that the return value <code>user</code> is a HashMap, which stores three k/vs, name, id, and class.</p><h2 id=generic-interface-implementation>Generic interface implementation</h2><p>The implementation of the generic interface is mainly used when the server does not have an API interface. All POJOs in the parameters and return values are represented by Map, which is usually used for framework integration. For example, to implement a generic remote service Mock framework, all service requests can be handled by implementing the interface GenericService.</p><h3 id=implementation-genericservice-on-the-server>Implementation GenericService on the server</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>class</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>GenericServiceImpl</span> <span style=color:#268bd2>implements</span> GenericService { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>@Override</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#268bd2>public</span> Object <span style=color:#268bd2>$invoke</span>(String method, String<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> parameterTypes, Object<span style=color:#719e07>[]</span> args) <span style=color:#268bd2>throws</span> GenericException { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (method.equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>"hi"</span>)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>"hi, "</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> args<span style=color:#719e07>[</span>0<span style=color:#719e07>]</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } <span style=color:#719e07>else</span> <span style=color:#719e07>if</span> (method.equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>"hello"</span>)) { |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>"hello, "</span> <span style=color:#719e07>+</span> args<span style=color:#719e07>[</span>0<span style=color:#719e07>]</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#719e07>return</span> <span style=color:#2aa198>"welcome"</span>; |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> } |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>} |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=server-exposed-service>Server exposed service</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span>ApplicationConfig application <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ApplicationConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setName(<span style=color:#2aa198>"api-generic-provider"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>RegistryConfig registry <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RegistryConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>registry.setAddress(<span style=color:#2aa198>"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setRegistry(registry); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>GenericService genericService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> GenericServiceImpl(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ServiceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span> service <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ServiceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service.setApplication(application); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service.setInterface(<span style=color:#2aa198>"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.HelloService"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service.setRef(genericService); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service.export(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ServiceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span> service2 <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ServiceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service2.setApplication(application); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service2.setInterface(<span style=color:#2aa198>"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.generic.api.HiService"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service2.setRef(genericService); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>service2.export(); |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Similarly, you can expose the service using XML configuration; in this case, the server does not depend on the two interfaces HiService and HelloService.</p><h3 id=service-invoke-on-the-consumer>Service invoke on the consumer</h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=display:flex><span>ApplicationConfig application <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ApplicationConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setName(<span style=color:#2aa198>"api-generic-consumer"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>RegistryConfig registry <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> RegistryConfig(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>registry.setAddress(<span style=color:#2aa198>"zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"</span>); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>application.setRegistry(registry); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span> reference <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// weak type interface name</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference.setInterface(HiService.class); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference.setApplication(application); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>HiService hiService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (HiService) reference.get(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>System.out.println(hiService.hi(<span style=color:#2aa198>"dubbo"</span>)); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span> reference2 <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> ReferenceConfig<span style=color:#719e07><</span>GenericService<span style=color:#719e07>></span>(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#586e75>// weak type interface name</span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference2.setInterface(HelloService.class); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>reference2.setApplication(application); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span> |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>HelloService helloService <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> (HelloService) reference2.get(); |
| </span></span><span style=display:flex><span>System.out.println(helloService.hello(<span style=color:#2aa198>"community"</span>)); |
| </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Similarly, the consumer can also reference the service using an XML configuration and then make the call. Here you can see that the calling method is a normal service call, not a generic call. Of course, it is also possible to use generic calls.</p><p>So far, a simple service Mock platform has been successfully launched!</p><h2 id=others>Others</h2><ul><li>The generic invoke and generic interface implementations introduced in this article are all based on the native Dubbo protocol. Prior to version 2.6.2, other protocols such as http/hessian don’t support generic invoke. Version 2.6.3 will support the generic invoke of these two protocols.</li><li>The relevant sample codes mentioned in this article can be found in dubbo-samples: <a href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/2-advanced/dubbo-samples-generic>https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples/tree/master/2-advanced/dubbo-samples-generic</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-0 pt-5"><li><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/native-image-using-graalvm/ aria-label="Previous - Native Image using GraalVM" class="btn btn-primary"><span class=mr-1>β</span>Previous</a></li><li><a href=/en/blog/2018/08/14/implementation-of-cross-language-calls-by-dubbo2.js/ aria-label="Next - Implementation of cross-language calls by Dubbo2.js" class="btn btn-primary">Next<span class=ml-1>β</span></a></li></ul></div><div id=pre-footer><h2>Feedback</h2><p class=feedback--prompt>Was this page helpful?</p><button class="btn btn-primary mb-4 feedback--yes">Yes</button> |
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| <a href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo/issues/new target=_blank><i class="fas fa-tasks fa-fw"></i> Create project issue</a></div><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#generic-invoke-through-spring-xml-configuration>Generic invoke through Spring XML configuration</a></li><li><a href=#generic-invoke-through-api-programming>Generic invoke through API programming</a></li><li><a href=#the-case-where-parameters-or-return-values-are-pojos>The case where parameters or return values are POJOs</a></li><li><a href=#generic-interface-implementation>Generic interface implementation</a><ul><li><a href=#implementation-genericservice-on-the-server>Implementation GenericService on the server</a></li><li><a href=#server-exposed-service>Server exposed service</a></li><li><a href=#service-invoke-on-the-consumer>Service invoke on the consumer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#others>Others</a></li></ul></nav><div class="taxonomy taxonomy-terms-cloud taxo-tags"><h5 class=taxonomy-title>Tags</h5><ul class=taxonomy-terms><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/ecosystem/ data-taxonomy-term=ecosystem><span class=taxonomy-label>ecosystem</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/news/ data-taxonomy-term=news><span class=taxonomy-label>news</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/opentelemetry/ data-taxonomy-term=opentelemetry><span class=taxonomy-label>OpenTelemetry</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/en/tags/tracing/ data-taxonomy-term=tracing><span class=taxonomy-label>tracing</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none footer-margin-0"><div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5"><div class=row><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-xs-center order-sm-2"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Dubbo mailing list archive" aria-label="Dubbo mailing list archive"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-right text-xs-center order-sm-3"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=GitHub aria-label=GitHub><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=https://github.com/apache/dubbo><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Subscribe to mailing list" aria-label="Subscribe to mailing list"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" href=mailto:dev-subscribe@dubbo.apache.org><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-4 text-center py-2 order-sm-2"><small class=text-white>© 2024 The Apache Software Foundation. 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