Benchmark Results

Test environment: macOS, Apple Silicon, N=500 samples per method

gRPC Protocol

gRPC Direct

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	100µs	200µs	400µs	1.1ms	8.2ms
GetUsers	100µs	200µs	200µs	100µs	400µs
GetUserByName	100µs	200µs	200µs	100µs	600µs
SayHello	100µs	200µs	200µs	100µs	400µs

gRPC via Pixiu

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	600µs	1.4ms	1.8ms	1.8ms	12.7ms
GetUsers	500µs	1.4ms	1.7ms	1.2ms	14.6ms
GetUserByName	500µs	1.3ms	2ms	2ms	17.1ms
SayHello	600µs	1.3ms	1.8ms	2ms	32.8ms

Triple Protocol

Triple Direct

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	200µs	1.8ms	2.5ms	2.4ms	14.5ms
GetUsers	200µs	1.5ms	2.0ms	2.0ms	12.0ms
GetUserByName	200µs	1.2ms	1.8ms	1.8ms	10.5ms
SayHello	200µs	900µs	1.4ms	1.3ms	12.5ms

Triple via Pixiu

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	1ms	2.1ms	2.8ms	3.1ms	24.4ms
GetUsers	800µs	2.0ms	2.5ms	2.5ms	20.0ms
GetUserByName	700µs	1.8ms	2.3ms	2.0ms	18.0ms
SayHello	700µs	2ms	2.5ms	1.4ms	12ms

Dubbo Protocol

Dubbo Direct

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	100µs	200µs	600µs	2.8ms	20.7ms
GetGender	0s	100µs	200µs	100µs	600µs
GetUser0	100µs	100µs	200µs	0s	400µs
GetUsers	100µs	200µs	200µs	100µs	600µs
GetUser2	0s	200µs	200µs	100µs	500µs
GetErr	300µs	500µs	500µs	200µs	1.4ms

Dubbo via Pixiu

Method	Min	Median	Mean	StdDev	Max
GetUser	700µs	2ms	3ms	5.9ms	44.7ms
GetGender	300µs	800µs	1ms	500µs	3.1ms
GetUser0	300µs	700µs	800µs	500µs	4.2ms
GetUsers	100µs	500µs	600µs	400µs	3.2ms

Performance Summary

Pixiu proxy adds approximately 0.3-1.1ms overhead compared to direct protocol calls.

Protocol	Direct (Median)	via Pixiu (Median)	Overhead
gRPC	~200µs	~1.3ms	~1.1ms
Triple	~1.4ms	~2ms	~0.6ms
Dubbo	~200µs	~700µs	~0.5ms

How to Run

Build the Pixiu executable

Change the working directory to the root of dubbo-go-pixiu and build the Pixiu executable.

go build -o tools/benchmark/dist/pixiu cmd/pixiu/pixiu.go

The final executable will be located at tools/benchmark/dist/pixiu, which will be used in subsequent tests.

Start the Zookeeper service

docker run -d --name zk -p 2181:2181 zookeeper:latest

Run the test code

Change the working directory to dubbo-go-pixiu/tools/benchmark/test.

# Run All Tests
go test -v ./...

# Run Dubbo Tests
go test -v dubbo_suite/dubbo_test.go

# Run gRPC Tests
go test -v grpc_suite/grpc_test.go

# Run Triple Tests
go test -v triple_suite/proto_suite/proto_test.go