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markdown"><header><h1>Set query context</h1></header><p>The query context gives you fine-grained control over how Apache Druid executes your individual queries. While the default settings in Druid work well for most queries, you can set the query context to handle specific requirements and optimize performance.</p> |
| <p>Common use cases for the query context include:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Override default timeouts for long-running queries or complex aggregations.</li> |
| <li>Debug query performance by disabling caching during testing.</li> |
| <li>Configure SQL-specific behaviors like time zones for accurate time-based analysis.</li> |
| <li>Set priorities to ensure critical queries get computational resources first.</li> |
| <li>Adjust memory limits for queries that process large datasets.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>The way you set the query context depends on how you submit the query to Druid, whether using the web console or API. |
| It also depends on whether your query is Druid SQL or a JSON-based native query. |
| This guide shows you how to set the query context for each application.</p> |
| <p>Before you begin, identify which context parameters you need to configure in order to establish your query context as query context carriers. For available parameters and their descriptions, see <a href="/docs/latest/querying/query-context-reference">Query context reference</a>.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="web-console">Web console<a href="#web-console" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Web console" title="Direct link to Web console"></a></h2> |
| <p>You can configure query context parameters for both Druid SQL and native queries in the <a href="/docs/latest/operations/web-console">web console</a>.</p> |
| <p>The following steps show you how to set the query context using the web console:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>In the web console, select <strong>Query</strong> from the top-level navigation.</p> |
| <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Query view" src="/assets/images/set-query-context-query-view-c2665e4a58ead30fa0ff6ee9a73fa238.png" width="1250" height="640" class="img_ev3q"></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Enter the query you want to run. If you ingested the Wikipedia dataset from the <a href="/docs/latest/tutorials/">quickstart</a>, you can use the following query:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> wikipedia </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">user</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">'BlueMoon2662'</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Adding query" src="/assets/images/set-query-context-insert-query-1b529775997809462304c3f3559d5b01.png" width="1250" height="640" class="img_ev3q"></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>In the menu for the engine selector, click <strong>Edit query context</strong>.</p> |
| <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Opening context dialog" src="/assets/images/set-query-context-open-context-dialog-22d66db94d56acfb90083883c3c131e9.png" width="1250" height="640" class="img_ev3q"></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>In the <strong>Edit query context</strong> dialog, add your context parameters as JSON key-value pairs.</p> |
| <p>For example, you can set the <code>sqlTimeZone</code> parameter to ensure that the query results reflect the specified time zone. This may differ from your local time zone when viewing the data.</p> |
| <div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"sqlTimeZone"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"America/Los_Angeles"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The web console validates the JSON object containing the query context parameters and highlights any syntax errors. |
| Click <strong>Save</strong>.</p> |
| <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Setting the context parameters" src="/assets/images/set-query-context-set-context-parameters-ccf3f79f17d340885cdc1ac2abcce475.png" width="1250" height="640" class="img_ev3q"></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Click <strong>Run</strong> to execute your query with the specified context parameters.</p> |
| <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Running the query" src="/assets/images/set-query-context-run-the-query-264eafd1c2a9315007a089c3c6fa24ae.png" width="1250" height="640" class="img_ev3q"></p> |
| <p>Compare the results of the example query with and without the query context.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Without the query context, the query returns the <code>__time</code> value of <code>2015-09-12T00:47:53.259Z</code>.</li> |
| <li>When you set the <code>sqlTimeZone</code> parameter, the query returns <code>2015-09-11T17:47:53.259-07:00</code>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="druid-sql">Druid SQL<a href="#druid-sql" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Druid SQL" title="Direct link to Druid SQL"></a></h2> |
| <p>When using Druid SQL programmatically—such as in applications, automated scripts, or database tools—you can set the query context through various methods depending on how you submit your queries.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="http-api">HTTP API<a href="#http-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to HTTP API" title="Direct link to HTTP API"></a></h3> |
| <p>When using the HTTP API, you include query context parameters in the <code>context</code> object of your JSON request. For more information on how to format Druid SQL API requests and handle responses, see <a href="/docs/latest/api-reference/sql-api">Druid SQL API</a>.</p> |
| <p>The following example sets the <code>sqlTimeZone</code> parameter:</p> |
| <div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"SELECT * FROM wikipedia WHERE user = 'BlueMoon2662'"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"context"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"sqlTimeZone"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"America/Los_Angeles"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>You can set multiple context parameters in a single request:</p> |
| <div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"query"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"SELECT * FROM wikipedia WHERE user = 'BlueMoon2662'"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"context"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"sqlTimeZone"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"America/Los_Angeles"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"sqlQueryId"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"request01"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="jdbc-driver-api">JDBC driver API<a href="#jdbc-driver-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to JDBC driver API" title="Direct link to JDBC driver API"></a></h3> |
| <p>You can connect to Druid over JDBC and issue Druid SQL queries using the <a href="/docs/latest/api-reference/sql-jdbc">Druid SQL JDBC driver API</a>. |
| This approach is useful when integrating Druid with BI tools or Java applications. |
| When connecting to Druid through JDBC, you set query context parameters in a JDBC connection properties object. |
| You supply the object when establishing the connection to Druid.</p> |
| <p>The following code excerpt shows how you can configure the connection properties:</p> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">String url = "jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql/avatica/";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">// Set the time zone to America/Los_Angeles</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">Properties connectionProperties = new Properties();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">connectionProperties.setProperty("sqlTimeZone", "America/Los_Angeles");</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, connectionProperties)) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> // create and execute statements, process result sets, etc</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed="true"><summary>View full JDBC example</summary><div><div class="collapsibleContent_i85q"><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">import java.sql.*;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">import java.util.Properties;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">public class JdbcDruid {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> public static void main(String args[]) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> // Connect to /druid/v2/sql/avatica/ on your Broker.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> String url = "jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql/avatica/;transparent_reconnection=true";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> // The query you want to run.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> String query = "SELECT * FROM wikipedia WHERE user = 'BlueMoon2662'";</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> // Set any connection context parameters you need here.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> Properties connectionProperties = new Properties();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> connectionProperties.setProperty("sqlTimeZone", "America/Los_Angeles");</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, connectionProperties)) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> try (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> final Statement statement = connection.createStatement();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> final ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(query)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> ) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> while (rs.next()) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> // process result set</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> Timestamp timeStamp = rs.getTimestamp("__time");</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> System.out.println(timeStamp);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> } catch (Exception e) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> System.out.println(e.toString());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></details> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="set-statements">SET statements<a href="#set-statements" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to SET statements" title="Direct link to SET statements"></a></h3> |
| <p>You can use the SET command to specify SQL query context parameters that modify the behavior of a Druid SQL query. Druid accepts one or more SET statements before the main SQL query. The SET command works in the both web console and the Druid SQL HTTP API.</p> |
| <p>In the web console, you can write your SET statements followed by your query directly. For example:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">SET</span><span class="token plain"> sqlTimeZone </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">'America/Los_Angeles'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> wikipedia </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">user</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">'BlueMoon2662'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>You can also include your SET statements as part of the query string in your HTTP API call. For example:</p> |
| <div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST 'http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql' \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "query": "SET sqlTimeZone='\''America/Los_Angeles'\''; SELECT * FROM wikipedia WHERE user='\''BlueMoon2662'\''"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">}'</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>You can also combine SET statements with the <code>context</code> field. If you include both, the parameter value in SET takes precedence:</p> |
| <div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST 'http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql' \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "query": "SET sqlTimeZone='\''America/Los_Angeles'\''; SELECT * FROM wikipedia WHERE user='\''BlueMoon2662'\''",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "context": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "sqlTimeZone": "UTC"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">}'</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>For more details on how to use the SET command in your SQL query, see <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql#set">SET</a>.</p> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info admonition_xJq3 alert alert--info"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>info</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>You cannot use SET statements in JDBC connections.</p></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="native-queries">Native queries<a href="#native-queries" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Native queries" title="Direct link to Native queries"></a></h2> |
| <p>For native queries, you can include query context parameters in a JSON object named <code>context</code> within your query or through the <a href="#web-console">web console</a>.</p> |
| <p>The following example shows a native query that sets the <code>sqlTimeZone</code> to <code>America/Los_Angeles</code> and <code>queryId</code> to <code>only_query_id_test</code>:</p> |
| <div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"queryType"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"timeseries"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"dataSource"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"wikipedia"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"granularity"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"day"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"descending"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:rgb(255, 88, 116)">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"filter"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"and"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"fields"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"selector"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"dimension"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"countryName"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"value"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"Australia"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"selector"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"dimension"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"isAnonymous"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"value"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"true"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"aggregations"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"count"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"row_count"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"intervals"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"2015-09-12T00:00:00.000/2015-09-13T00:00:00.000"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"context"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"sqlTimeZone"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"America/Los_Angeles"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"queryId"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"only_query_id_test"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="runtime-properties">Runtime properties<a href="#runtime-properties" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Runtime properties" title="Direct link to Runtime properties"></a></h2> |
| <p>You can configure query context parameters globally by adding a runtime property to your configuration file. |
| The property takes the following format:</p> |
| <div class="language-properties codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-properties codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">druid.query.default.context.{PARAMETER}={VALUE}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>Replace <code>PARAMETER</code> with the query context parameter and <code>VALUE</code> with its value. |
| For example:</p> |
| <div class="language-properties codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-properties codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">druid.query.default.context.debug=true</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>For more information, see <a href="/docs/latest/configuration/#overriding-default-query-context-values">Configuration reference</a>.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="query-context-precedence">Query context precedence<a href="#query-context-precedence" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Query context precedence" title="Direct link to Query context precedence"></a></h2> |
| <p>For a given context query, Druid determines the final query context value to use based on the following order of precedence, from lowest to highest:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Built-in defaults</strong>: Druid uses the documented default values if you don’t specify anything.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Runtime properties</strong>: If you configure parameters as <code>druid.query.default.context.{PARAMETER}</code> in the configuration files, these override the built-in defaults and act as your system-wide defaults.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Context object in HTTP request</strong>: Parameters passed within the JSON <code>context</code> object override both built-in defaults and runtime properties.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>SET statements</strong>: Parameters set in Druid SQL using <code>SET key=value;</code> take the highest precedence and override all other settings.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="learn-more">Learn more<a href="#learn-more" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Learn more" title="Direct link to Learn more"></a></h2> |
| <p>For more information, see the following topics:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="/docs/latest/querying/query-context-reference">Query context reference</a> for available query context parameters.</li> |
| <li><a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-query-context">SQL query context</a> for SQL-specific context parameters.</li> |
| <li><a href="/docs/latest/multi-stage-query/reference#context-parameters">Multi-stage query context</a> for context parameters specific to SQL-based ingestion.</li> |
| <li><a href="/docs/latest/querying/">Native queries</a> for details on constructing native queries with context.</li> |
| <li><a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql#set">SET</a> for complete syntax and usage of SET statements.</li> |
| </ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/latest/querying/using-caching"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Using query caching</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/latest/querying/query-context-reference"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Query context reference</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#web-console" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Web console</a></li><li><a href="#druid-sql" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Druid SQL</a><ul><li><a href="#http-api" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">HTTP API</a></li><li><a href="#jdbc-driver-api" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">JDBC driver API</a></li><li><a href="#set-statements" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">SET statements</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#native-queries" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Native queries</a></li><li><a href="#runtime-properties" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Runtime properties</a></li><li><a href="#query-context-precedence" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Query context precedence</a></li><li><a href="#learn-more" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Learn more</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="footer__logo themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--light_NVdE"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="footer__logo themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--dark_xIcU"></div><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2025 Apache Software Foundation. Except where otherwise noted, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></div></footer></div> |
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