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itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/31.0.0/data-management/"><span itemprop="name">Data management</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Data deletion</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Data deletion</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="by-time-range-manually">By time range, manually<a href="#by-time-range-manually" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to By time range, manually" title="Direct link to By time range, manually"></a></h2><p>Apache Druid stores data <a href="/docs/31.0.0/design/storage">partitioned by time chunk</a> and supports |
| deleting data for time chunks by dropping segments. This is a fast, metadata-only operation.</p><p>Deletion by time range happens in two steps:</p><ol><li>Segments to be deleted must first be marked as <a href="/docs/31.0.0/design/storage#segment-lifecycle">"unused"</a>. This can |
| happen when a segment is dropped by a <a href="/docs/31.0.0/operations/rule-configuration">drop rule</a> or when you manually mark a |
| segment unused through the Coordinator API or web console. This is a soft delete: the data is not available for |
| querying, but the segment files remains in deep storage, and the segment records remains in the metadata store.</li><li>Once a segment is marked "unused", you can use a <a href="#kill-task"><code>kill</code> task</a> to permanently delete the segment file from |
| deep storage and remove its record from the metadata store. This is a hard delete: the data is unrecoverable unless |
| you have a backup.</li></ol><p>For documentation on disabling segments using the Coordinator API, see the |
| <a href="/docs/31.0.0/api-reference/legacy-metadata-api#datasources">Legacy metadata API reference</a>.</p><p>A data deletion tutorial is available at <a href="/docs/31.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-delete-data">Tutorial: Deleting data</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="by-time-range-automatically">By time range, automatically<a href="#by-time-range-automatically" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to By time range, automatically" title="Direct link to By time range, automatically"></a></h2><p>Druid supports <a href="/docs/31.0.0/operations/rule-configuration">load and drop rules</a>, which are used to define intervals of time |
| where data should be preserved, and intervals where data should be discarded. Data that falls under a drop rule is |
| marked unused, in the same manner as if you <a href="#by-time-range-manually">manually mark that time range unused</a>. This is a |
| fast, metadata-only operation.</p><p>Data that is dropped in this way is marked unused, but remains in deep storage. To permanently delete it, use a |
| <a href="#kill-task"><code>kill</code> task</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="specific-records">Specific records<a href="#specific-records" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Specific records" title="Direct link to Specific records"></a></h2><p>Druid supports deleting specific records using <a href="/docs/31.0.0/data-management/update#reindex">reindexing</a> with a filter. The filter specifies which |
| data remains after reindexing, so it must be the inverse of the data you want to delete. Because segments must be |
| rewritten to delete data in this way, it can be a time-consuming operation.</p><p>For example, to delete records where <code>userName</code> is <code>'bob'</code> with native batch indexing, use a |
| <a href="/docs/31.0.0/ingestion/ingestion-spec#transformspec"><code>transformSpec</code></a> with filter <code>{"type": "not", "field": {"type": |
| "selector", "dimension": "userName", "value": "bob"}}</code>.</p><p>To delete the same records using SQL, use <a href="/docs/31.0.0/multi-stage-query/concepts#replace">REPLACE</a> with <code>WHERE userName <> 'bob'</code>.</p><p>To reindex using <a href="/docs/31.0.0/ingestion/native-batch">native batch</a>, use the <a href="/docs/31.0.0/ingestion/input-sources#druid-input-source"><code>druid</code> input |
| source</a>. If needed, |
| <a href="/docs/31.0.0/ingestion/ingestion-spec#transformspec"><code>transformSpec</code></a> can be used to filter or modify data during the |
| reindexing job. To reindex with SQL, use <a href="/docs/31.0.0/multi-stage-query/reference#replace"><code>REPLACE <table> OVERWRITE</code></a> |
| with <code>SELECT ... FROM <table></code>. (Druid does not have <code>UPDATE</code> or <code>ALTER TABLE</code> statements.) Any SQL SELECT query can be |
| used to filter, modify, or enrich the data during the reindexing job.</p><p>Data that is deleted in this way is marked unused, but remains in deep storage. To permanently delete it, use a <a href="#kill-task"><code>kill</code> |
| task</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="entire-table">Entire table<a href="#entire-table" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Entire table" title="Direct link to Entire table"></a></h2><p>Deleting an entire table works the same way as <a href="#by-time-range-manually">deleting part of a table by time range</a>. First, |
| mark all segments unused using the Coordinator API or web console. Then, optionally, delete it permanently using a |
| <a href="#kill-task"><code>kill</code> task</a>.</p><a name="kill-task"></a><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="permanently-kill-task">Permanently (<code>kill</code> task)<a href="#permanently-kill-task" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to permanently-kill-task" title="Direct link to permanently-kill-task"></a></h2><p>Data that has been overwritten or soft-deleted still remains as segments that have been marked unused. You can use a |
| <code>kill</code> task to permanently delete this data.</p><p>The available grammar is:</p><div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"kill"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"id"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <task_id></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"dataSource"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <task_datasource></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"interval"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <all_unused_segments_in_this_interval_will_die!></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"versions"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <optional_list_of_segment_versions_to_delete_in_this_interval></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"context"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <task_context></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"batchSize"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <optional_batch_size></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"limit"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <optional_maximum_number_of_segments_to_delete></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"maxUsedStatusLastUpdatedTime"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token plain"> <optional_maximum_timestamp_when_segments_were_marked_as_unused></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Some of the parameters used in the task payload are further explained below:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Default</th><th>Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>versions</code></td><td>null (all versions)</td><td>List of segment versions within the specified <code>interval</code> for the kill task to delete. The default behavior is to delete all unused segment versions in the specified <code>interval</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>batchSize</code></td><td>100</td><td>Maximum number of segments that are deleted in one kill batch. Some operations on the Overlord may get stuck while a <code>kill</code> task is in progress due to concurrency constraints (such as in <code>TaskLockbox</code>). Thus, a <code>kill</code> task splits the list of unused segments to be deleted into smaller batches to yield the Overlord resources intermittently to other task operations.</td></tr><tr><td><code>limit</code></td><td>null (no limit)</td><td>Maximum number of segments for the kill task to delete.</td></tr><tr><td><code>maxUsedStatusLastUpdatedTime</code></td><td>null (no cutoff)</td><td>Maximum timestamp used as a cutoff to include unused segments. The kill task only considers segments which lie in the specified <code>interval</code> and were marked as unused no later than this time. The default behavior is to kill all unused segments in the <code>interval</code> regardless of when they where marked as unused.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>WARNING:</strong> The <code>kill</code> task permanently removes all information about the affected segments from the metadata store and |
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