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| |
| <h1 id="clustering">Clustering</h1> |
| |
| <p>Apache Druid (incubating) is designed to be deployed as a scalable, fault-tolerant cluster.</p> |
| |
| <p>In this document, we'll set up a simple cluster and discuss how it can be further configured to meet |
| your needs. </p> |
| |
| <p>This simple cluster will feature: |
| - A single Master server to host the Coordinator and Overlord processes |
| - Scalable, fault-tolerant Data servers running Historical and MiddleManager processes |
| - Query servers, hosting Druid Broker processes</p> |
| |
| <p>In production, we recommend deploying multiple Master servers with Coordinator and Overlord processes in a fault-tolerant configuration as well.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="select-hardware">Select hardware</h2> |
| |
| <h3 id="master-server">Master Server</h3> |
| |
| <p>The Coordinator and Overlord processes can be co-located on a single server that is responsible for handling the metadata and coordination needs of your cluster. |
| The equivalent of an AWS <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#M3">m3.xlarge</a> is sufficient for most clusters. This |
| hardware offers:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>4 vCPUs</li> |
| <li>15 GB RAM</li> |
| <li>80 GB SSD storage</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="data-server">Data Server</h3> |
| |
| <p>Historicals and MiddleManagers can be colocated on a single server to handle the actual data in your cluster. These servers benefit greatly from CPU, RAM, |
| and SSDs. The equivalent of an AWS <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#r3">r3.2xlarge</a> is a |
| good starting point. This hardware offers:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>8 vCPUs</li> |
| <li>61 GB RAM</li> |
| <li>160 GB SSD storage</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="query-server">Query Server</h3> |
| |
| <p>Druid Brokers accept queries and farm them out to the rest of the cluster. They also optionally maintain an |
| in-memory query cache. These servers benefit greatly from CPU and RAM, and can also be deployed on |
| the equivalent of an AWS <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#r3">r3.2xlarge</a>. This hardware |
| offers:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>8 vCPUs</li> |
| <li>61 GB RAM</li> |
| <li>160 GB SSD storage</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>You can consider co-locating any open source UIs or query libraries on the same server that the Broker is running on.</p> |
| |
| <p>Very large clusters should consider selecting larger servers.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="select-os">Select OS</h2> |
| |
| <p>We recommend running your favorite Linux distribution. You will also need:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Java 8</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Your OS package manager should be able to help for both Java. If your Ubuntu-based OS |
| does not have a recent enough version of Java, WebUpd8 offers <a href="http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html">packages for those |
| OSes</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="download-the-distribution">Download the distribution</h2> |
| |
| <p>First, download and unpack the release archive. It's best to do this on a single machine at first, |
| since you will be editing the configurations and then copying the modified distribution out to all |
| of your servers.</p> |
| |
| <p><a href="https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/incubator/druid/0.14.1-incubating/apache-druid-0.14.1-incubating-bin.tar.gz">Download</a> |
| the 0.14.1-incubating release.</p> |
| |
| <p>Extract Druid by running the following commands in your terminal:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>tar -xzf apache-druid-0.14.1-incubating-bin.tar.gz |
| <span class="nb">cd</span> apache-druid-0.14.1-incubating |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>In the package, you should find:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>DISCLAIMER</code>, <code>LICENSE</code>, and <code>NOTICE</code> files</li> |
| <li><code>bin/*</code> - scripts related to the <a href="quickstart.html">single-machine quickstart</a></li> |
| <li><code>conf/*</code> - template configurations for a clustered setup</li> |
| <li><code>extensions/*</code> - core Druid extensions</li> |
| <li><code>hadoop-dependencies/*</code> - Druid Hadoop dependencies</li> |
| <li><code>lib/*</code> - libraries and dependencies for core Druid</li> |
| <li><code>quickstart/*</code> - files related to the <a href="quickstart.html">single-machine quickstart</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>We'll be editing the files in <code>conf/</code> in order to get things running.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="configure-deep-storage">Configure deep storage</h2> |
| |
| <p>Druid relies on a distributed filesystem or large object (blob) store for data storage. The most |
| commonly used deep storage implementations are S3 (popular for those on AWS) and HDFS (popular if |
| you already have a Hadoop deployment).</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="s3">S3</h3> |
| |
| <p>In <code>conf/druid/_common/common.runtime.properties</code>,</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Set <code>druid.extensions.loadList=["druid-s3-extensions"]</code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Comment out the configurations for local storage under "Deep Storage" and "Indexing service logs".</p></li> |
| <li><p>Uncomment and configure appropriate values in the "For S3" sections of "Deep Storage" and |
| "Indexing service logs".</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>After this, you should have made the following changes:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>druid.extensions.loadList=["druid-s3-extensions"] |
| |
| #druid.storage.type=local |
| #druid.storage.storageDirectory=var/druid/segments |
| |
| druid.storage.type=s3 |
| druid.storage.bucket=your-bucket |
| druid.storage.baseKey=druid/segments |
| druid.s3.accessKey=... |
| druid.s3.secretKey=... |
| |
| #druid.indexer.logs.type=file |
| #druid.indexer.logs.directory=var/druid/indexing-logs |
| |
| druid.indexer.logs.type=s3 |
| druid.indexer.logs.s3Bucket=your-bucket |
| druid.indexer.logs.s3Prefix=druid/indexing-logs |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <h3 id="hdfs">HDFS</h3> |
| |
| <p>In <code>conf/druid/_common/common.runtime.properties</code>,</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Set <code>druid.extensions.loadList=["druid-hdfs-storage"]</code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Comment out the configurations for local storage under "Deep Storage" and "Indexing service logs".</p></li> |
| <li><p>Uncomment and configure appropriate values in the "For HDFS" sections of "Deep Storage" and |
| "Indexing service logs".</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>After this, you should have made the following changes:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>druid.extensions.loadList=["druid-hdfs-storage"] |
| |
| #druid.storage.type=local |
| #druid.storage.storageDirectory=var/druid/segments |
| |
| druid.storage.type=hdfs |
| druid.storage.storageDirectory=/druid/segments |
| |
| #druid.indexer.logs.type=file |
| #druid.indexer.logs.directory=var/druid/indexing-logs |
| |
| druid.indexer.logs.type=hdfs |
| druid.indexer.logs.directory=/druid/indexing-logs |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>Also,</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Place your Hadoop configuration XMLs (core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml, yarn-site.xml, |
| mapred-site.xml) on the classpath of your Druid processes. You can do this by copying them into |
| <code>conf/druid/_common/</code>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="configure-tranquility-server-optional">Configure Tranquility Server (optional)</h2> |
| |
| <p>Data streams can be sent to Druid through a simple HTTP API powered by Tranquility |
| Server. If you will be using this functionality, then at this point you should <a href="../ingestion/stream-ingestion.html#server">configure |
| Tranquility Server</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="configure-tranquility-kafka-optional">Configure Tranquility Kafka (optional)</h2> |
| |
| <p>Druid can consuming streams from Kafka through Tranquility Kafka. If you will be |
| using this functionality, then at this point you should |
| <a href="../ingestion/stream-ingestion.html#kafka">configure Tranquility Kafka</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="configure-for-connecting-to-hadoop-optional">Configure for connecting to Hadoop (optional)</h2> |
| |
| <p>If you will be loading data from a Hadoop cluster, then at this point you should configure Druid to be aware |
| of your cluster:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Update <code>druid.indexer.task.hadoopWorkingPath</code> in <code>conf/druid/middleManager/runtime.properties</code> to |
| a path on HDFS that you'd like to use for temporary files required during the indexing process. |
| <code>druid.indexer.task.hadoopWorkingPath=/tmp/druid-indexing</code> is a common choice.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Place your Hadoop configuration XMLs (core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml, yarn-site.xml, |
| mapred-site.xml) on the classpath of your Druid processes. You can do this by copying them into |
| <code>conf/druid/_common/core-site.xml</code>, <code>conf/druid/_common/hdfs-site.xml</code>, and so on.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Note that you don't need to use HDFS deep storage in order to load data from Hadoop. For example, if |
| your cluster is running on Amazon Web Services, we recommend using S3 for deep storage even if you |
| are loading data using Hadoop or Elastic MapReduce.</p> |
| |
| <p>For more info, please see <a href="../ingestion/batch-ingestion.html">batch ingestion</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="configure-addresses-for-druid-coordination">Configure addresses for Druid coordination</h2> |
| |
| <p>In this simple cluster, you will deploy a single Master server containing the following: |
| - A single Druid Coordinator process |
| - A single Druid Overlord process |
| - A single ZooKeeper istance |
| - An embedded Derby metadata store</p> |
| |
| <p>The processes on the cluster need to be configured with the addresses of this ZK instance and the metadata store.</p> |
| |
| <p>In <code>conf/druid/_common/common.runtime.properties</code>, replace |
| "zk.service.host" with <a href="https://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperProgrammers.html">connection string</a> |
| containing a comma separated list of host:port pairs, each corresponding to a ZooKeeper server |
| (e.g. "127.0.0.1:4545" or "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002"):</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>druid.zk.service.host</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>In <code>conf/druid/_common/common.runtime.properties</code>, replace |
| "metadata.storage.*" with the address of the machine that you will use as your metadata store:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>druid.metadata.storage.connector.connectURI</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.metadata.storage.connector.host</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="note caution"> |
| In production, we recommend running 2 Master servers, each running a Druid Coordinator process |
| and a Druid Overlord process. We also recommend running a ZooKeeper cluster on its own dedicated hardware, |
| as well as replicated <a href = "../dependencies/metadata-storage.html">metadata storage</a> |
| such as MySQL or PostgreSQL, on its own dedicated hardware. |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="tune-processes-on-the-data-server">Tune processes on the Data Server</h2> |
| |
| <p>Druid Historicals and MiddleManagers can be co-located on the same hardware. Both Druid processes benefit greatly from |
| being tuned to the hardware they run on. If you are running Tranquility Server or Kafka, you can also colocate Tranquility with these two Druid processes. |
| If you are using <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#r3">r3.2xlarge</a> |
| EC2 instances, or similar hardware, the configuration in the distribution is a |
| reasonable starting point.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you are using different hardware, we recommend adjusting configurations for your specific |
| hardware. The most commonly adjusted configurations are:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>-Xmx</code> and <code>-Xms</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.server.http.numThreads</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.processing.buffer.sizeBytes</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.processing.numThreads</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.query.groupBy.maxIntermediateRows</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.query.groupBy.maxResults</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.server.maxSize</code> and <code>druid.segmentCache.locations</code> on Historical processes</li> |
| <li><code>druid.worker.capacity</code> on MiddleManagers</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="note info"> |
| Keep -XX:MaxDirectMemory >= numThreads*sizeBytes, otherwise Druid will fail to start up.. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>Please see the Druid <a href="../configuration/index.html">configuration documentation</a> for a full description of all |
| possible configuration options.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="tune-druid-brokers-on-the-query-server">Tune Druid Brokers on the Query Server</h2> |
| |
| <p>Druid Brokers also benefit greatly from being tuned to the hardware they |
| run on. If you are using <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#r3">r3.2xlarge</a> EC2 instances, |
| or similar hardware, the configuration in the distribution is a reasonable starting point.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you are using different hardware, we recommend adjusting configurations for your specific |
| hardware. The most commonly adjusted configurations are:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>-Xmx</code> and <code>-Xms</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.server.http.numThreads</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.cache.sizeInBytes</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.processing.buffer.sizeBytes</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.processing.numThreads</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.query.groupBy.maxIntermediateRows</code></li> |
| <li><code>druid.query.groupBy.maxResults</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="note caution"> |
| Keep -XX:MaxDirectMemory >= numThreads*sizeBytes, otherwise Druid will fail to start up. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>Please see the Druid <a href="../configuration/index.html">configuration documentation</a> for a full description of all |
| possible configuration options.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="open-ports-if-using-a-firewall">Open ports (if using a firewall)</h2> |
| |
| <p>If you're using a firewall or some other system that only allows traffic on specific ports, allow |
| inbound connections on the following:</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="master-server">Master Server</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>1527 (Derby metadata store; not needed if you are using a separate metadata store like MySQL or PostgreSQL)</li> |
| <li>2181 (ZooKeeper; not needed if you are using a separate ZooKeeper cluster)</li> |
| <li>8081 (Coordinator)</li> |
| <li>8090 (Overlord)</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="data-server">Data Server</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>8083 (Historical)</li> |
| <li>8091, 8100–8199 (Druid Middle Manager; you may need higher than port 8199 if you have a very high <code>druid.worker.capacity</code>)</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="query-server">Query Server</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>8082 (Broker)</li> |
| <li>8088 (Router, if used)</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="other">Other</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>8200 (Tranquility Server, if used)</li> |
| <li>8084 (Standalone Realtime, if used, deprecated)</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="note caution"> |
| In production, we recommend deploying ZooKeeper and your metadata store on their own dedicated hardware, |
| rather than on the Master server. |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="start-master-server">Start Master Server</h2> |
| |
| <p>Copy the Druid distribution and your edited configurations to your Master server. </p> |
| |
| <p>If you have been editing the configurations on your local machine, you can use <em>rsync</em> to copy them:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>rsync -az apache-druid-0.14.1-incubating/ COORDINATION_SERVER:apache-druid-0.14.1-incubating/ |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>Log on to your coordination server and install Zookeeper:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>curl http://www.gtlib.gatech.edu/pub/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.11/zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz -o zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz |
| tar -xzf zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz |
| <span class="nb">cd</span> zookeeper-3.4.11 |
| cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg |
| ./bin/zkServer.sh start |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <div class="note caution"> |
| In production, we also recommend running a ZooKeeper cluster on its own dedicated hardware. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>On your coordination server, <em>cd</em> into the distribution and start up the coordination services (you should do this in different windows or pipe the log to a file):</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>java <span class="sb">`</span>cat conf/druid/coordinator/jvm.config <span class="p">|</span> xargs<span class="sb">`</span> -cp conf/druid/_common:conf/druid/coordinator:lib/* org.apache.druid.cli.Main server coordinator |
| java <span class="sb">`</span>cat conf/druid/overlord/jvm.config <span class="p">|</span> xargs<span class="sb">`</span> -cp conf/druid/_common:conf/druid/overlord:lib/* org.apache.druid.cli.Main server overlord |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>You should see a log message printed out for each service that starts up. You can view detailed logs |
| for any service by looking in the <code>var/log/druid</code> directory using another terminal.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="start-data-server">Start Data Server</h2> |
| |
| <p>Copy the Druid distribution and your edited configurations to your Data servers set aside for the Druid Historicals and MiddleManagers.</p> |
| |
| <p>On each one, <em>cd</em> into the distribution and run this command to start the Data server processes:</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>java <span class="sb">`</span>cat conf/druid/historical/jvm.config <span class="p">|</span> xargs<span class="sb">`</span> -cp conf/druid/_common:conf/druid/historical:lib/* org.apache.druid.cli.Main server historical |
| java <span class="sb">`</span>cat conf/druid/middleManager/jvm.config <span class="p">|</span> xargs<span class="sb">`</span> -cp conf/druid/_common:conf/druid/middleManager:lib/* org.apache.druid.cli.Main server middleManager |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>You can add more Data servers with Druid Historicals and MiddleManagers as needed.</p> |
| |
| <div class="note info"> |
| For clusters with complex resource allocation needs, you can break apart Historicals and MiddleManagers and scale the components individually. |
| This also allows you take advantage of Druid's built-in MiddleManager |
| autoscaling facility. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>If you are doing push-based stream ingestion with Kafka or over HTTP, you can also start Tranquility Server on the same |
| hardware that holds MiddleManagers and Historicals. For large scale production, MiddleManagers and Tranquility Server |
| can still be co-located. If you are running Tranquility (not server) with a stream processor, you can co-locate |
| Tranquility with the stream processor and not require Tranquility Server.</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>curl -O http://static.druid.io/tranquility/releases/tranquility-distribution-0.8.0.tgz |
| tar -xzf tranquility-distribution-0.8.0.tgz |
| <span class="nb">cd</span> tranquility-distribution-0.8.0 |
| bin/tranquility <server or kafka> -configFile <path_to_druid_distro>/conf/tranquility/<server or kafka>.json |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <h2 id="start-query-server">Start Query Server</h2> |
| |
| <p>Copy the Druid distribution and your edited configurations to your Query servers set aside for the Druid Brokers.</p> |
| |
| <p>On each Query server, <em>cd</em> into the distribution and run this command to start the Broker process (you may want to pipe the output to a log file):</p> |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span></span>java <span class="sb">`</span>cat conf/druid/broker/jvm.config <span class="p">|</span> xargs<span class="sb">`</span> -cp conf/druid/_common:conf/druid/broker:lib/* org.apache.druid.cli.Main server broker |
| </code></pre></div> |
| <p>You can add more Query servers as needed based on query load.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="loading-data">Loading data</h2> |
| |
| <p>Congratulations, you now have a Druid cluster! The next step is to learn about recommended ways to load data into |
| Druid based on your use case. Read more about <a href="../ingestion/index.html">loading data</a>.</p> |
| |
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