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fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Querying</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Concepts</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Joins</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Joins</h1></header><p>Apache Druid has two features related to joining of data:</p><ol><li><a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/datasource#join">Join</a> operators. These are available using a <a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/datasource#join">join datasource</a> in native
queries, or using the <a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/sql">JOIN operator</a> in Druid SQL. Refer to the
<a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/datasource#join">join datasource</a> documentation for information about how joins work in Druid native queries,
or the <a href="/docs/27.0.0/multi-stage-query/reference#joins">multi-stage query join documentation</a> for information about how joins
work in multi-stage query tasks.</li><li><a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/lookups">Query-time lookups</a>, simple key-to-value mappings. These are preloaded on all servers that are involved
in queries and can be accessed with or without an explicit join operator. Refer to the <a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/lookups">lookups</a>
documentation for more details.</li></ol><p>Whenever possible, for best performance it is good to avoid joins at query time. Often this can be accomplished by
joining data before it is loaded into Druid. However, there are situations where joins or lookups are the best solution
available despite the performance overhead, including:</p><ul><li>The fact-to-dimension (star and snowflake schema) case: you need to change dimension values after initial ingestion,
and aren&#x27;t able to reingest to do this. In this case, you can use lookups for your dimension tables.</li><li>Your workload requires joins or filters on subqueries.</li></ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/datasource"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Datasources</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/lookups"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Lookups</div></a></nav></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--light_HNdA footer__logo"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--dark_i4oU footer__logo"></div><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2023 Apache Software Foundation. Except where otherwise noted, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></div></footer></div>
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