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itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Data management</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Data updates</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Data updates</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="overwrite">Overwrite<a href="#overwrite" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Overwrite" title="Direct link to Overwrite"></a></h2><p>Apache Druid stores data <a href="/docs/27.0.0/design/architecture#datasources-and-segments">partitioned by time chunk</a> and supports |
| overwriting existing data using time ranges. Data outside the replacement time range is not touched. Overwriting of |
| existing data is done using the same mechanisms as <a href="/docs/27.0.0/ingestion/#batch">batch ingestion</a>.</p><p>For example:</p><ul><li><a href="/docs/27.0.0/ingestion/native-batch">Native batch</a> with <code>appendToExisting: false</code>, and <code>intervals</code> set to a specific |
| time range, overwrites data for that time range.</li><li><a href="/docs/27.0.0/multi-stage-query/reference#replace">SQL <code>REPLACE <table> OVERWRITE [ALL | WHERE ...]</code></a> overwrites data for |
| the entire table or for a specified time range.</li></ul><p>In both cases, Druid's atomic update mechanism ensures that queries will flip seamlessly from the old data to the new |
| data on a time-chunk-by-time-chunk basis.</p><p>Ingestion and overwriting cannot run concurrently for the same time range of the same datasource. While an overwrite job |
| is ongoing for a particular time range of a datasource, new ingestions for that time range are queued up. Ingestions for |
| other time ranges proceed as normal. Read-only queries also proceed as normal, using the pre-existing version of the |
| data.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info alert alert--info admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>info</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p> Druid does not support single-record updates by primary key.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="reindex">Reindex<a href="#reindex" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Reindex" title="Direct link to Reindex"></a></h2><p>Reindexing is an <a href="#overwrite">overwrite of existing data</a> where the source of new data is the existing data itself. It |
| is used to perform schema changes, repartition data, filter out unwanted data, enrich existing data, and so on. This |
| behaves just like any other <a href="#overwrite">overwrite</a> with regard to atomic updates and locking.</p><p>With <a href="/docs/27.0.0/ingestion/native-batch">native batch</a>, use the <a href="/docs/27.0.0/ingestion/input-sources#druid-input-source"><code>druid</code> input |
| source</a>. If needed, |
| <a href="/docs/27.0.0/ingestion/ingestion-spec#transformspec"><code>transformSpec</code></a> can be used to filter or modify data during the |
| reindexing job.</p><p>With SQL, use <a href="/docs/27.0.0/multi-stage-query/reference#replace"><code>REPLACE <table> OVERWRITE</code></a> with <code>SELECT ... FROM <table></code>. |
| (Druid does not have <code>UPDATE</code> or <code>ALTER TABLE</code> statements.) Any SQL SELECT query can be used to filter, |
| modify, or enrich the data during the reindexing job.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rolled-up-datasources">Rolled-up datasources<a href="#rolled-up-datasources" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Rolled-up datasources" title="Direct link to Rolled-up datasources"></a></h2><p>Rolled-up datasources can be effectively updated using appends, without rewrites. When you append a row that has an |
| identical set of dimensions to an existing row, queries that use aggregation operators automatically combine those two |
| rows together at query time.</p><p><a href="/docs/27.0.0/data-management/compaction">Compaction</a> or <a href="/docs/27.0.0/data-management/automatic-compaction">automatic compaction</a> can be used to physically combine these |
| matching rows together later on, by rewriting segments in the background.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="lookups">Lookups<a href="#lookups" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Lookups" title="Direct link to Lookups"></a></h2><p>If you have a dimension where values need to be updated frequently, try first using <a href="/docs/27.0.0/querying/lookups">lookups</a>. A |
| classic use case of lookups is when you have an ID dimension stored in a Druid segment, and want to map the ID dimension to a |
| human-readable string that may need to be updated periodically.</p></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/27.0.0/data-management/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Overview</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/27.0.0/data-management/delete"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Data deletion</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#overwrite" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Overwrite</a></li><li><a href="#reindex" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Reindex</a></li><li><a href="#rolled-up-datasources" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Rolled-up datasources</a></li><li><a href="#lookups" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Lookups</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--light_HNdA footer__logo"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--dark_i4oU footer__logo"></div><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2023 Apache Software Foundation. Except where otherwise noted, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></div></footer></div> |
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