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class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Druid SQL</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">JSON functions</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>SQL JSON functions</h1></header><p>Druid supports nested columns, which provide optimized storage and indexes for nested data structures. See <a href="/docs/latest/querying/nested-columns">Nested columns</a> for more information.</p><p>You can use the following JSON functions to extract, transform, and create <code>COMPLEX<json></code> values.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Function</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>JSON_KEYS(expr, path)</code></td><td>Returns an array of field names from <code>expr</code> at the specified <code>path</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>JSON_OBJECT(KEY expr1 VALUE expr2[, KEY expr3 VALUE expr4, ...])</code></td><td>Constructs a new <code>COMPLEX<json></code> object. The <code>KEY</code> expressions must evaluate to string types. The <code>VALUE</code> expressions can be composed of any input type, including other <code>COMPLEX<json></code> values. <code>JSON_OBJECT</code> can accept colon-separated key-value pairs. The following syntax is equivalent: <code>JSON_OBJECT(expr1:expr2[, expr3:expr4, ...])</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>JSON_PATHS(expr)</code></td><td>Returns an array of all paths which refer to literal values in <code>expr</code> in JSONPath format.</td></tr><tr><td><code>JSON_QUERY(expr, path)</code></td><td>Extracts a <code>COMPLEX<json></code> value from <code>expr</code>, at the specified <code>path</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>JSON_VALUE(expr, path [RETURNING sqlType])</code></td><td>Extracts a literal value from <code>expr</code> at the specified <code>path</code>. If you specify <code>RETURNING</code> and an SQL type name (such as <code>VARCHAR</code>, <code>BIGINT</code>, <code>DOUBLE</code>, etc) the function plans the query using the suggested type. Otherwise, it attempts to infer the type based on the context. If it can't infer the type, it defaults to <code>VARCHAR</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>PARSE_JSON(expr)</code></td><td>Parses <code>expr</code> into a <code>COMPLEX<json></code> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a <code>VARCHAR</code> or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in an error.</td></tr><tr><td><code>TRY_PARSE_JSON(expr)</code></td><td>Parses <code>expr</code> into a <code>COMPLEX<json></code> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a <code>VARCHAR</code> or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in a <code>NULL</code> value.</td></tr><tr><td><code>TO_JSON_STRING(expr)</code></td><td>Serializes <code>expr</code> into a JSON string.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="jsonpath-syntax">JSONPath syntax<a href="#jsonpath-syntax" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to JSONPath syntax" title="Direct link to JSONPath syntax"></a></h3><p>Druid supports a subset of the <a href="https://github.com/json-path/JsonPath/blob/master/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSONPath syntax</a> operators, primarily limited to extracting individual values from nested data structures.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Operator</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>$</code></td><td>Root element. All JSONPath expressions start with this operator.</td></tr><tr><td><code>.<name></code></td><td>Child element in dot notation.</td></tr><tr><td><code>['<name>']</code></td><td>Child element in bracket notation.</td></tr><tr><td><code>[<number>]</code></td><td>Array index.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Consider the following example input JSON:</p><div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token property">"x"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(247, 140, 108)">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property">"y"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">:</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(247, 140, 108)">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(247, 140, 108)">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(247, 140, 108)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To return the entire JSON object:<br><code>$</code> -> <code>{"x":1, "y":[1, 2, 3]}</code></li><li>To return the value of the key "x":<br><code>$.x</code> -> <code>1</code></li><li>For a key that contains an array, to return the entire array:<br><code>$['y']</code> -> <code>[1, 2, 3]</code></li><li>For a key that contains an array, to return an item in the array:<br><code>$.y[1]</code> -> <code>2</code></li></ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-multivalue-string-functions"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Multi-value string functions</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-functions"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">All functions</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#jsonpath-syntax" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">JSONPath syntax</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--light_HNdA footer__logo"><img src="/img/favicon.png" class="themedImage_ToTc themedImage--dark_i4oU footer__logo"></div><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2023 Apache Software Foundation. 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