cloud/test/resource_test.cpp

// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

//#define private public
#include "meta-service/meta_service.h"
//#undef private

#include <brpc/controller.h>
#include <bvar/window.h>
#include <gen_cpp/cloud.pb.h>
#include <gen_cpp/olap_file.pb.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <random>
#include <thread>

#include "common/config.h"
#include "common/logging.h"
#include "common/util.h"
#include "cpp/sync_point.h"
#include "meta-store/keys.h"
#include "meta-store/mem_txn_kv.h"
#include "meta-store/txn_kv_error.h"
#include "rate-limiter/rate_limiter.h"
#include "resource-manager/resource_manager.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    const std::string conf_file = "doris_cloud.conf";
    if (!doris::cloud::config::init(conf_file.c_str(), true)) {
        std::cerr << "failed to init config file, conf=" << conf_file << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    if (!doris::cloud::init_glog("resource_test")) {
        std::cerr << "failed to init glog" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

namespace doris::cloud {

extern std::string get_instance_id(const std::shared_ptr<ResourceManager>& rc_mgr,
                                   const std::string& cloud_unique_id);

static std::shared_ptr<TxnKv> create_txn_kv() {
    // MemKv
    int ret = 0;
    auto txn_kv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TxnKv>(std::make_shared<MemTxnKv>());
    if (txn_kv != nullptr) {
        ret = txn_kv->init();
        [&] { ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0); }();
    }
    [&] { ASSERT_NE(txn_kv.get(), nullptr); }();

    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    EXPECT_EQ(txn_kv->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    txn->remove("\x00", "\xfe"); // This is dangerous if the fdb is not correctly set
    EXPECT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    return txn_kv;
}

std::unique_ptr<MetaServiceProxy> get_meta_service(std::shared_ptr<TxnKv> txn_kv = {}) {
    if (!txn_kv) {
        txn_kv = create_txn_kv();
    }

    auto rs = std::make_shared<ResourceManager>(txn_kv);
    EXPECT_EQ(rs->init(), 0);
    auto rl = std::make_shared<RateLimiter>();
    auto snapshot = std::make_shared<SnapshotManager>(txn_kv);
    auto meta_service = std::make_unique<MetaServiceImpl>(txn_kv, rs, rl, snapshot);
    return std::make_unique<MetaServiceProxy>(std::move(meta_service));
}

static void create_args_to_add(std::vector<NodeInfo>* to_add, std::vector<NodeInfo>* to_del,
                               bool is_host = false) {
    to_add->clear();
    to_del->clear();
    auto ni_1 = NodeInfo {.role = Role::COMPUTE_NODE,
                          .instance_id = "test-resource-instance",
                          .cluster_name = "cluster_name_1",
                          .cluster_id = "cluster_id_1",
                          .node_info = NodeInfoPB {}};
    is_host ? ni_1.node_info.set_host("host1") : ni_1.node_info.set_ip("127.0.0.1");
    ni_1.node_info.set_cloud_unique_id("test_cloud_unique_id_1");
    ni_1.node_info.set_heartbeat_port(9999);
    to_add->push_back(ni_1);

    auto ni_2 = NodeInfo {.role = Role::COMPUTE_NODE,
                          .instance_id = "test-resource-instance",
                          .cluster_name = "cluster_name_1",
                          .cluster_id = "cluster_id_1",
                          .node_info = NodeInfoPB {}};
    is_host ? ni_2.node_info.set_host("host2") : ni_2.node_info.set_ip("127.0.0.2");
    ni_2.node_info.set_cloud_unique_id("test_cloud_unique_id_1");
    ni_2.node_info.set_heartbeat_port(9999);
    to_add->push_back(ni_2);

    auto ni_3 = NodeInfo {.role = Role::COMPUTE_NODE,
                          .instance_id = "test-resource-instance",
                          .cluster_name = "cluster_name_2",
                          .cluster_id = "cluster_id_2",
                          .node_info = NodeInfoPB {}};
    is_host ? ni_3.node_info.set_host("host3") : ni_3.node_info.set_ip("127.0.0.3");
    ni_3.node_info.set_cloud_unique_id("test_cloud_unique_id_2");
    ni_3.node_info.set_heartbeat_port(9999);
    to_add->push_back(ni_3);
}

static void create_args_to_del(std::vector<NodeInfo>* to_add, std::vector<NodeInfo>* to_del,
                               bool is_host = false) {
    to_add->clear();
    to_del->clear();
    auto ni_1 = NodeInfo {.role = Role::COMPUTE_NODE,
                          .instance_id = "test-resource-instance",
                          .cluster_name = "cluster_name_1",
                          .cluster_id = "cluster_id_1",
                          .node_info = NodeInfoPB {}};
    is_host ? ni_1.node_info.set_host("host2") : ni_1.node_info.set_ip("127.0.0.2");
    ni_1.node_info.set_cloud_unique_id("test_cloud_unique_id_1");
    ni_1.node_info.set_heartbeat_port(9999);
    to_del->push_back(ni_1);
}

static void get_instance_info(MetaServiceProxy* ms, InstanceInfoPB* instance,
                              std::string_view instance_id = "test-resource-instance") {
    InstanceKeyInfo key_info {instance_id};
    std::string key;
    std::string val;
    instance_key(key_info, &key);
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    EXPECT_EQ(ms->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    EXPECT_EQ(txn->get(key, &val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    instance->ParseFromString(val);
}

static void create_instance(MetaServiceProxy* ms, const std::string& instance_id) {
    brpc::Controller ctrl;
    CreateInstanceRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    req.set_user_id("test_user");
    req.set_name(instance_id + "name");
    ObjectStoreInfoPB obj;
    obj.set_ak("123");
    obj.set_sk("321");
    obj.set_bucket("456");
    obj.set_prefix("654");
    obj.set_endpoint("789");
    obj.set_region("987");
    obj.set_external_endpoint("888");
    obj.set_provider(ObjectStoreInfoPB::BOS);
    req.mutable_obj_info()->CopyFrom(obj);
    CreateInstanceResponse resp;
    ms->create_instance(&ctrl, &req, &resp, brpc::DoNothing());
    ASSERT_FALSE(ctrl.Failed());
    ASSERT_EQ(resp.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);
}

static void create_cluster(MetaServiceProxy* ms, const std::string& instance_id,
                           const std::string& cluster_id, const std::string& cluster_name,
                           ClusterPB_Type type) {
    brpc::Controller cntl;
    AlterClusterRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    req.mutable_cluster()->set_cluster_id(cluster_id);
    req.mutable_cluster()->set_cluster_name(cluster_name);
    req.mutable_cluster()->set_type(type);
    if (type == ClusterPB::SQL) {
        auto* node = req.mutable_cluster()->add_nodes();
        node->set_node_type(NodeInfoPB::FE_MASTER);
        node->set_ip("127.0.0.1");
        node->set_edit_log_port(10000);
        node->set_name("sql_node");
    } else {
        auto* node = req.mutable_cluster()->add_nodes();
        node->set_ip("127.0.0.1");
        node->set_heartbeat_port(10000);
        node->set_name("sql_node");
    }
    req.set_op(AlterClusterRequest::ADD_CLUSTER);
    AlterClusterResponse res;
    ms->alter_cluster(&cntl, &req, &res, brpc::DoNothing());
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);
}

static void drop_cluster(MetaServiceProxy* ms, const std::string& instance_id,
                         const std::string& cluster_id) {
    brpc::Controller cntl;
    AlterClusterRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    req.mutable_cluster()->set_cluster_id(cluster_id);
    req.set_op(AlterClusterRequest::DROP_CLUSTER);
    AlterClusterResponse res;
    ms->alter_cluster(&cntl, &req, &res, brpc::DoNothing());
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);
}

// test cluster's node addr use ip
TEST(ResourceTest, ModifyNodesIpTest) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_add = {};
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_del = {};
    auto ins = InstanceInfoPB {};
    create_args_to_add(&to_add, &to_del);
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("modify_nodes:get_instance", [&](auto&& args) {
        *try_any_cast<TxnErrorCode*>(args[0]) = TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK;
        ins.set_instance_id("test-resource-instance");
        ins.set_status(InstanceInfoPB::NORMAL);
        auto* c = ins.mutable_clusters()->Add();
        c->set_cluster_name("cluster_name_1");
        c->set_cluster_id("cluster_id_1");
        c->set_type(ClusterPB::COMPUTE);
        auto* c1 = ins.mutable_clusters()->Add();
        c1->set_cluster_name("cluster_name_2");
        c1->set_cluster_id("cluster_id_2");
        c1->set_type(ClusterPB::COMPUTE);
        *try_any_cast<InstanceInfoPB*>(args[1]) = ins;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();

    // test cluster add nodes
    auto r = meta_service->resource_mgr()->modify_nodes("test-resource-instance", to_add, to_del);
    ASSERT_EQ(r, "");
    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &instance);
    std::cout << "after to add = " << proto_to_json(instance) << std::endl;
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters().size(), 2);
    // after add assert cluster_name_1 has 2 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters(0).nodes().size(), 2);
    // after add assert cluster_name_2 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters(1).nodes().size(), 1);
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
    sp->clear_trace();
    sp->disable_processing();

    sp->set_call_back("modify_nodes:get_instance", [&](auto&& args) {
        *try_any_cast<TxnErrorCode*>(args[0]) = TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK;
        *try_any_cast<InstanceInfoPB*>(args[1]) = instance;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();
    create_args_to_del(&to_add, &to_del);
    // test cluster del node
    r = meta_service->resource_mgr()->modify_nodes("test-resource-instance", to_add, to_del);
    InstanceInfoPB instance1;
    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &instance1);
    ASSERT_EQ(r, "");
    std::cout << "after to del = " << proto_to_json(instance1) << std::endl;
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters().size(), 2);
    // after del assert cluster_name_1 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters(0).nodes().size(), 1);
    // after del assert cluster_name_2 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters(1).nodes().size(), 1);
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
    sp->clear_trace();
    sp->disable_processing();
}

// test cluster's node addr use host
TEST(ResourceTest, ModifyNodesHostTest) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_add = {};
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_del = {};
    auto ins = InstanceInfoPB {};
    create_args_to_add(&to_add, &to_del, true);
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("modify_nodes:get_instance", [&](auto&& args) {
        *try_any_cast<TxnErrorCode*>(args[0]) = TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK;
        ins.set_instance_id("test-resource-instance");
        ins.set_status(InstanceInfoPB::NORMAL);
        auto* c = ins.mutable_clusters()->Add();
        c->set_cluster_name("cluster_name_1");
        c->set_cluster_id("cluster_id_1");
        c->set_type(ClusterPB::COMPUTE);
        auto* c1 = ins.mutable_clusters()->Add();
        c1->set_cluster_name("cluster_name_2");
        c1->set_cluster_id("cluster_id_2");
        c1->set_type(ClusterPB::COMPUTE);
        *try_any_cast<InstanceInfoPB*>(args[1]) = ins;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();

    // test cluster add nodes
    auto r = meta_service->resource_mgr()->modify_nodes("test-resource-instance", to_add, to_del);
    ASSERT_EQ(r, "");
    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &instance);
    std::cout << "after to add = " << proto_to_json(instance) << std::endl;
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters().size(), 2);
    // after add assert cluster_name_1 has 2 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters(0).nodes().size(), 2);
    // after add assert cluster_name_2 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.clusters(1).nodes().size(), 1);
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
    sp->clear_trace();
    sp->disable_processing();

    sp->set_call_back("modify_nodes:get_instance", [&](auto&& args) {
        *try_any_cast<TxnErrorCode*>(args[0]) = TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK;
        *try_any_cast<InstanceInfoPB*>(args[1]) = instance;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();
    create_args_to_del(&to_add, &to_del, true);
    r = meta_service->resource_mgr()->modify_nodes("test-resource-instance", to_add, to_del);
    InstanceInfoPB instance1;
    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &instance1);
    ASSERT_EQ(r, "");
    std::cout << "after to del = " << proto_to_json(instance1) << std::endl;
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters().size(), 2);
    // after del assert cluster_name_1 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters(0).nodes().size(), 1);
    // after del assert cluster_name_2 has 1 nodes
    ASSERT_EQ(instance1.clusters(1).nodes().size(), 1);
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
    sp->clear_trace();
    sp->disable_processing();
}

// test restart meta service
TEST(ResourceTest, RestartResourceManager) {
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });
    sp->set_call_back("decrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[0]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[1]);
        *ret = 0;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();

    auto txn_kv = create_txn_kv();

    {
        auto meta_service = get_meta_service(txn_kv);
        create_instance(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id");
        create_instance(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id_2");
        create_cluster(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id", "cluster_id", "cluster_name",
                       ClusterPB::SQL);

        ASSERT_FALSE(meta_service->resource_mgr()->is_version_read_enabled("test_instance_id_2"));

        // instance_2 enable multi version status
        std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
        std::string instance_info_value;
        InstanceInfoPB instance_info;
        std::string key = instance_key("test_instance_id_2");
        ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
        ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(key, &instance_info_value), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
        ASSERT_TRUE(instance_info.ParseFromString(instance_info_value));

        instance_info.set_multi_version_status(MultiVersionStatus::MULTI_VERSION_ENABLED);
        txn->put(key, instance_info.SerializeAsString());
        ASSERT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

        auto [code, msg] = meta_service->resource_mgr()->refresh_instance("test_instance_id_2");
        ASSERT_EQ(code, MetaServiceCode::OK) << msg;
        ASSERT_TRUE(meta_service->resource_mgr()->is_version_read_enabled("test_instance_id_2"));
    }

    {
        auto meta_service = get_meta_service(txn_kv);
        {
            InstanceInfoPB info;
            auto [code, msg] =
                    meta_service->resource_mgr()->get_instance(nullptr, "test_instance_id", &info);
            ASSERT_EQ(code, TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK) << msg;
            ASSERT_EQ(info.name(), "test_instance_idname");
        }
        {
            InstanceInfoPB info;
            auto [code, msg] = meta_service->resource_mgr()->get_instance(
                    nullptr, "test_instance_id_2", &info);
            ASSERT_EQ(code, TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK) << msg;
            ASSERT_EQ(info.name(), "test_instance_id_2name");
        }

        ASSERT_TRUE(meta_service->resource_mgr()->is_version_read_enabled("test_instance_id_2"));
    }
    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

TEST(ResourceTest, RefreshDeletedInstanceClearsRuntimeCaches) {
    auto txn_kv = create_txn_kv();
    ResourceManager resource_mgr(txn_kv);
    ASSERT_EQ(resource_mgr.init(), 0);

    const std::string instance_id = "deleted_cache_instance";
    const std::string cloud_unique_id = "deleted_cache_cloud_unique_id";
    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    instance.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    instance.set_status(InstanceInfoPB::NORMAL);
    instance.set_multi_version_status(MultiVersionStatus::MULTI_VERSION_ENABLED);
    instance.set_source_instance_id("source_instance");
    instance.set_source_snapshot_id("00000000000000000000");
    auto* cluster = instance.add_clusters();
    cluster->set_type(ClusterPB::COMPUTE);
    cluster->set_cluster_id("cluster_id");
    cluster->set_cluster_name("cluster_name");
    auto* node = cluster->add_nodes();
    node->set_cloud_unique_id(cloud_unique_id);
    node->set_ip("127.0.0.1");
    node->set_heartbeat_port(10000);

    resource_mgr.refresh_instance(instance_id, instance);

    std::vector<NodeInfo> nodes;
    ASSERT_EQ(resource_mgr.get_node(cloud_unique_id, &nodes), "");
    ASSERT_EQ(nodes.size(), 1);
    ASSERT_TRUE(resource_mgr.is_version_read_enabled(instance_id));
    std::string source_instance_id;
    Versionstamp source_snapshot_version;
    ASSERT_TRUE(resource_mgr.get_source_snapshot_info(instance_id, &source_instance_id,
                                                      &source_snapshot_version));

    instance.set_status(InstanceInfoPB::DELETED);
    resource_mgr.refresh_instance(instance_id, instance);

    nodes.clear();
    EXPECT_EQ(resource_mgr.get_node(cloud_unique_id, &nodes), "");
    ASSERT_TRUE(!nodes.empty());
    EXPECT_TRUE(resource_mgr.is_version_read_enabled(instance_id));
    EXPECT_TRUE(resource_mgr.get_source_snapshot_info(instance_id, &source_instance_id,
                                                      &source_snapshot_version));
}

// test add/drop cluster
TEST(ResourceTest, AddDropCluster) {
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });
    sp->set_call_back("resource_manager::set_safe_drop_time",
                      [](auto&& args) { *try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[0]) = -1; });
    sp->set_call_back("decrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[0]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[1]);
        *ret = 0;
    });
    sp->set_call_back("resource_manager::set_safe_drop_time",
                      [](auto&& args) { *try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[0]) = -1; });
    sp->enable_processing();

    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();
    create_instance(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id");
    create_cluster(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id", "sql_id", "sql_cluster", ClusterPB::SQL);
    create_cluster(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id", "compute_id", "compute_cluster",
                   ClusterPB::COMPUTE);

    InstanceInfoPB info;
    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &info, "test_instance_id");
    ASSERT_EQ(info.clusters_size(), 2);

    drop_cluster(meta_service.get(), "test_instance_id", "sql_id");

    get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &info, "test_instance_id");
    ASSERT_EQ(info.clusters_size(), 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(info.clusters(0).cluster_name(), "compute_cluster");
    ASSERT_EQ(info.clusters(0).cluster_id(), "compute_id");

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

TEST(ResourceTest, InitScanRetry) {
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });
    sp->set_call_back("decrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[0]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[1]);
        *ret = 0;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();

    constexpr size_t NUM_BATCH_SIZE = 100;
    sp->set_call_back("ResourceManager:init:limit",
                      [&](auto&& args) { *try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]) = NUM_BATCH_SIZE; });

    auto txn_kv = create_txn_kv();
    {
        auto meta_service = get_meta_service(txn_kv);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_BATCH_SIZE * 2; i++) {
            std::string instance_id = "test_instance_id_" + std::to_string(i);
            create_instance(meta_service.get(), instance_id);
        }
    }

    {
        size_t count = 0;
        sp->set_call_back("ResourceManager:init:get_err", [&](auto&& args) {
            if (++count == 2) {
                *try_any_cast<TxnErrorCode*>(args[0]) = TxnErrorCode::TXN_TOO_OLD;
            }
        });
        auto meta_service = get_meta_service(txn_kv);
        ASSERT_GT(count, 1) << count;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_BATCH_SIZE * 2; i++) {
            InstanceInfoPB info;
            std::string instance_id = "test_instance_id_" + std::to_string(i);
            get_instance_info(meta_service.get(), &info, instance_id);
        }
    }

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Helper to create instance with obj_info for cascade testing
static Versionstamp next_test_snapshot_versionstamp() {
    static std::atomic<uint64_t> version_counter {1};
    uint64_t version = version_counter.fetch_add(1);
    return Versionstamp(version, 0);
}

static void create_instance_with_obj_info(MetaServiceProxy* meta_service,
                                          const std::string& instance_id,
                                          const std::string& source_instance_id,
                                          const std::string& user_id, const std::string& ak,
                                          const std::string& sk, bool enable_snapshot = true) {
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    instance.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    std::optional<Versionstamp> snapshot_version;
    if (!source_instance_id.empty()) {
        instance.set_source_instance_id(source_instance_id);
        snapshot_version = next_test_snapshot_versionstamp();
        instance.set_source_snapshot_id(snapshot_version->to_string());
    }

    instance.set_snapshot_switch_status(enable_snapshot ? SNAPSHOT_SWITCH_ON
                                                        : SNAPSHOT_SWITCH_DISABLED);

    auto* obj_info = instance.add_obj_info();
    obj_info->set_user_id(user_id);
    obj_info->set_ak(ak);
    obj_info->set_sk(sk);
    obj_info->set_id("test_obj_info");

    std::string key = instance_key({instance_id});
    std::string val = instance.SerializeAsString();
    txn->put(key, val);

    if (snapshot_version.has_value()) {
        versioned::SnapshotReferenceKeyInfo ref_key_info {source_instance_id, *snapshot_version,
                                                          instance_id};
        std::string ref_key = versioned::snapshot_reference_key(ref_key_info);
        txn->put(ref_key, "");
    }
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
}

// Helper to verify instance ak/sk
static void verify_instance_aksk(MetaServiceProxy* meta_service, const std::string& instance_id,
                                 const std::string& expected_ak, const std::string& expected_sk) {
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    std::string key = instance_key({instance_id});
    std::string val;
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(key, &val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    ASSERT_TRUE(instance.ParseFromString(val));
    ASSERT_GT(instance.obj_info_size(), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.obj_info(0).ak(), expected_ak);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.obj_info(0).sk(), expected_sk);
}

static void create_instance_with_storage_vault(MetaServiceProxy* meta_service,
                                               const std::string& instance_id,
                                               const std::string& source_instance_id,
                                               const std::string& vault_id,
                                               const std::string& vault_name, const std::string& ak,
                                               const std::string& sk, bool enable_snapshot = true) {
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    instance.set_instance_id(instance_id);
    instance.set_enable_storage_vault(true);
    instance.add_resource_ids(vault_id);
    instance.add_storage_vault_names(vault_name);
    instance.set_default_storage_vault_id(vault_id);
    instance.set_default_storage_vault_name(vault_name);

    std::optional<Versionstamp> snapshot_version;
    if (!source_instance_id.empty()) {
        instance.set_source_instance_id(source_instance_id);
        snapshot_version = next_test_snapshot_versionstamp();
        instance.set_source_snapshot_id(snapshot_version->to_string());
    }
    instance.set_snapshot_switch_status(enable_snapshot ? SNAPSHOT_SWITCH_ON
                                                        : SNAPSHOT_SWITCH_DISABLED);

    StorageVaultPB vault;
    vault.set_id(vault_id);
    vault.set_name(vault_name);
    auto* obj_info = vault.mutable_obj_info();
    obj_info->set_id(vault_id);
    obj_info->set_ak(ak);
    obj_info->set_sk(sk);
    obj_info->set_bucket("bucket");
    obj_info->set_prefix("prefix");
    obj_info->set_endpoint("endpoint");
    obj_info->set_external_endpoint("external-endpoint");
    obj_info->set_region("region");
    obj_info->set_provider(ObjectStoreInfoPB::S3);

    txn->put(instance_key({instance_id}), instance.SerializeAsString());
    txn->put(storage_vault_key({instance_id, vault_id}), vault.SerializeAsString());

    if (snapshot_version.has_value()) {
        versioned::SnapshotReferenceKeyInfo ref_key_info {source_instance_id, *snapshot_version,
                                                          instance_id};
        txn->put(versioned::snapshot_reference_key(ref_key_info), "");
    }
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
}

static void verify_storage_vault(MetaServiceProxy* meta_service, const std::string& instance_id,
                                 const std::string& vault_id, const std::string& expected_name,
                                 const std::string& expected_ak, const std::string& expected_sk) {
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    std::string val;
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(storage_vault_key({instance_id, vault_id}), &val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    StorageVaultPB vault;
    ASSERT_TRUE(vault.ParseFromString(val));
    ASSERT_TRUE(vault.has_obj_info());
    EXPECT_EQ(vault.name(), expected_name);
    EXPECT_EQ(vault.obj_info().ak(), expected_ak);
    EXPECT_EQ(vault.obj_info().sk(), expected_sk);

    ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(instance_key({instance_id}), &val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    InstanceInfoPB instance;
    ASSERT_TRUE(instance.ParseFromString(val));
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.resource_ids_size(), 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(instance.storage_vault_names_size(), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.resource_ids(0), vault_id);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.storage_vault_names(0), expected_name);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.default_storage_vault_id(), vault_id);
    EXPECT_EQ(instance.default_storage_vault_name(), expected_name);
}

// Test AK/SK cascade update: two-level cascade
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, TwoLevelCascade) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Create parent and child instances
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "parent_inst", "", "user123", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child_inst", "parent_inst", "user123",
                                  "old_ak", "old_sk");

    // Update parent's AK/SK
    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("parent_inst");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user123");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Verify parent updated
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "parent_inst", "new_ak", cipher_sk);

    // Verify child also updated (cascaded)
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child_inst", "new_ak", cipher_sk);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Test AK/SK cascade update: three-level cascade
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, ThreeLevelCascade) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Create instance tree: parent -> child -> grandchild
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "parent", "", "user1", "old_ak", "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child", "parent", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "grandchild", "child", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");

    // Update parent
    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("parent");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user1");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak_v2");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Verify all three levels updated
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "parent", "new_ak_v2", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child", "new_ak_v2", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "grandchild", "new_ak_v2", cipher_sk);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Test AK/SK cascade update: multiple branches
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, MultipleBranchesCascade) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Create tree: parent -> child1, child2, child3
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "parent", "", "user1", "old_ak", "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child1", "parent", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child2", "parent", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child3", "parent", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");

    // Update parent
    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("parent");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user1");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak_multi");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Verify all branches updated
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "parent", "new_ak_multi", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child1", "new_ak_multi", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child2", "new_ak_multi", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child3", "new_ak_multi", cipher_sk);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Test AK/SK cascade update: no children
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, NoChildrenInstance) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Create only parent
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "single_inst", "", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk");

    // Update parent
    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("single_inst");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user1");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak_single");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Verify only parent updated
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "single_inst", "new_ak_single", cipher_sk);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Snapshot disabled should skip cascading to derived instances
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, SnapshotDisabledSkipsCascade) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Parent keeps snapshot disabled; child is a derived instance
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "parent_snapshot_off", "", "user1", "old_ak",
                                  "old_sk", /*enable_snapshot=*/false);
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "child_snapshot_off", "parent_snapshot_off",
                                  "user1", "old_ak", "old_sk");

    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("parent_snapshot_off");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user1");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak_disabled");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Parent updated, child stays untouched because snapshot is off
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "parent_snapshot_off", "new_ak_disabled", cipher_sk);
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "child_snapshot_off", "old_ak", "old_sk");

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

// Test AK/SK cascade update: child without obj_info should NOT be cascaded
TEST(AkSkCascadeTest, ChildWithoutObjInfo) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    std::string cipher_sk = "JUkuTDctR+ckJtnPkLScWaQZRcOtWBhsLLpnCRxQLxr734qB8cs6gNLH6grE1FxO";
    std::string plain_sk = "Hx60p12123af234541nsVsffdfsdfghsdfhsdf34t";

    // Create parent with obj_info
    create_instance_with_obj_info(meta_service.get(), "parent", "", "user1", "old_ak", "old_sk");

    // Create child WITHOUT obj_info (independent storage)
    std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    InstanceInfoPB child_instance;
    child_instance.set_instance_id("child_no_obj");
    child_instance.set_source_instance_id("parent");
    // No obj_info added - using independent storage
    std::string key = instance_key({"child_no_obj"});
    std::string val = child_instance.SerializeAsString();
    txn->put(key, val);
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

    // Update parent
    UpdateAkSkRequest req;
    req.set_instance_id("parent");
    auto* bucket_user = req.add_internal_bucket_user();
    bucket_user->set_user_id("user1");
    bucket_user->set_ak("new_ak");
    bucket_user->set_sk(plain_sk);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    UpdateAkSkResponse res;
    meta_service->update_ak_sk(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK);

    // Verify parent updated
    verify_instance_aksk(meta_service.get(), "parent", "new_ak", cipher_sk);

    // Verify child was NOT updated (has no obj_info)
    ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(instance_key({"child_no_obj"}), &val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    child_instance.ParseFromString(val);
    EXPECT_EQ(child_instance.obj_info_size(), 0); // Still no obj_info

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

TEST(StorageVaultCascadeTest, AlterS3VaultCascadesToDerivedInstances) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    create_instance_with_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_parent", "", "2", "vault_old",
                                       "old_ak", "old_sk");
    create_instance_with_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_child", "vault_parent", "2",
                                       "vault_old", "old_ak", "old_sk");

    AlterObjStoreInfoRequest req;
    req.set_cloud_unique_id("1:vault_parent:test");
    req.set_op(AlterObjStoreInfoRequest::ALTER_S3_VAULT);
    StorageVaultPB vault;
    vault.set_name("vault_old");
    vault.set_alter_name("vault_new");
    vault.mutable_obj_info()->set_ak("new_ak");
    vault.mutable_obj_info()->set_sk("new_sk");
    req.mutable_vault()->CopyFrom(vault);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    AlterObjStoreInfoResponse res;
    meta_service->alter_storage_vault(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK) << res.status().msg();

    std::string cipher_sk = "HNAGUf23voYuuqV2BCX9Tw==";
    verify_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_parent", "2", "vault_new", "new_ak", cipher_sk);
    verify_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_child", "2", "vault_new", "new_ak", cipher_sk);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

TEST(StorageVaultCascadeTest, SnapshotDisabledSkipsCascade) {
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service();

    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->enable_processing();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "selectdbselectdbselectdbselectdb";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });

    create_instance_with_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_parent_disabled", "", "2",
                                       "vault_old", "old_ak", "old_sk",
                                       /*enable_snapshot=*/false);
    create_instance_with_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_child_disabled",
                                       "vault_parent_disabled", "2", "vault_old", "old_ak",
                                       "old_sk");

    AlterObjStoreInfoRequest req;
    req.set_cloud_unique_id("1:vault_parent_disabled:test");
    req.set_op(AlterObjStoreInfoRequest::ALTER_S3_VAULT);
    StorageVaultPB vault;
    vault.set_name("vault_old");
    vault.set_alter_name("vault_new");
    vault.mutable_obj_info()->set_ak("new_ak");
    vault.mutable_obj_info()->set_sk("new_sk");
    req.mutable_vault()->CopyFrom(vault);

    brpc::Controller cntl;
    AlterObjStoreInfoResponse res;
    meta_service->alter_storage_vault(&cntl, &req, &res, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(res.status().code(), MetaServiceCode::OK) << res.status().msg();

    std::string cipher_sk = "HNAGUf23voYuuqV2BCX9Tw==";
    verify_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_parent_disabled", "2", "vault_new", "new_ak",
                         cipher_sk);
    verify_storage_vault(meta_service.get(), "vault_child_disabled", "2", "vault_old", "old_ak",
                         "old_sk");

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

TEST(ResourceTest, RollbackInstance) {
    auto sp = SyncPoint::get_instance();
    sp->set_call_back("encrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[0]);
        *ret = 0;
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[1]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* key_id = try_any_cast<int64_t*>(args[2]);
        *key_id = 1;
    });
    sp->set_call_back("decrypt_ak_sk:get_encryption_key", [](auto&& args) {
        auto* key = try_any_cast<std::string*>(args[0]);
        *key = "test";
        auto* ret = try_any_cast<int*>(args[1]);
        *ret = 0;
    });
    sp->enable_processing();

    auto txn_kv = create_txn_kv();
    auto meta_service = get_meta_service(txn_kv);

    // Create original instance
    std::string original_instance_id = "original_instance";
    create_instance(meta_service.get(), original_instance_id);
    create_cluster(meta_service.get(), original_instance_id, "cluster_id_1", "cluster_1",
                   ClusterPB::COMPUTE);

    // Add a node to original instance
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_add;
    std::vector<NodeInfo> to_del;
    auto ni = NodeInfo {.role = Role::COMPUTE_NODE,
                        .instance_id = original_instance_id,
                        .cluster_name = "cluster_1",
                        .cluster_id = "cluster_id_1",
                        .node_info = NodeInfoPB {}};
    ni.node_info.set_ip("127.0.0.1");
    ni.node_info.set_cloud_unique_id("cloud_unique_id_1");
    ni.node_info.set_heartbeat_port(9999);
    to_add.push_back(ni);

    auto r = meta_service->resource_mgr()->modify_nodes(original_instance_id, to_add, to_del);
    ASSERT_EQ(r, "");

    // Simulate rollback operation: create new instance with source_instance_id
    std::string new_instance_id = "new_instance_after_rollback";
    create_instance(meta_service.get(), new_instance_id);

    // Set source_instance_id and original_instance_id for new instance
    // Set successor_instance_id for old instance
    {
        std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn;
        ASSERT_EQ(meta_service->txn_kv()->create_txn(&txn), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);

        // Update new instance with source info
        InstanceInfoPB new_instance;
        std::string new_key = instance_key(new_instance_id);
        std::string new_val;
        ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(new_key, &new_val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
        ASSERT_TRUE(new_instance.ParseFromString(new_val));

        new_instance.set_source_instance_id(original_instance_id);
        new_instance.set_original_instance_id(original_instance_id);
        new_instance.set_source_snapshot_id("00000000000000000000"); // Valid versionstamp format

        // Inherit cluster from original instance
        InstanceInfoPB original_instance;
        std::string original_key = instance_key(original_instance_id);
        std::string original_val;
        ASSERT_EQ(txn->get(original_key, &original_val), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
        ASSERT_TRUE(original_instance.ParseFromString(original_val));

        new_instance.mutable_clusters()->CopyFrom(original_instance.clusters());
        txn->put(new_key, new_instance.SerializeAsString());

        // Update original instance with successor_instance_id
        original_instance.set_successor_instance_id(new_instance_id);
        txn->put(original_key, original_instance.SerializeAsString());

        ASSERT_EQ(txn->commit(), TxnErrorCode::TXN_OK);
    }

    meta_service->resource_mgr()->refresh_instance(new_instance_id);

    std::string instance_id = get_instance_id(meta_service->resource_mgr(), "cloud_unique_id_1");
    ASSERT_EQ(instance_id, new_instance_id);

    meta_service->resource_mgr()->refresh_instance(original_instance_id);
    instance_id = get_instance_id(meta_service->resource_mgr(), "cloud_unique_id_1");
    ASSERT_EQ(instance_id, new_instance_id);

    sp->disable_processing();
    sp->clear_all_call_backs();
}

} // namespace doris::cloud