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menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a id="menu__group" class="menu__link menu__link_level_1 menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="/zh-CN/docs/releasenotes/release-2.1.3">版本发布</a></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_z5aJ"><div class="docItemContainer_c0TR"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="页面路径"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="主页面" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/zh-CN/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">湖仓一体</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">数据湖分析</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Hive</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Hive</h1></header><h1>Hive</h1><p>通过连接 Hive Metastore，或者兼容 Hive Metatore 的元数据服务，Doris 可以自动获取 Hive 的库表信息，并进行数据查询。</p><p>除了 Hive 外，很多其他系统也会使用 Hive Metastore 存储元数据。所以通过 Hive Catalog，我们不仅能访问 Hive，也能访问使用 Hive Metastore 作为元数据存储的系统。如 Iceberg、Hudi 等。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="使用须知">使用须知<a href="#使用须知" class="hash-link" aria-label="使用须知的直接链接" title="使用须知的直接链接"></a></h2><ol><li>将 core-site.xml，hdfs-site.xml 和 hive-site.xml  放到 FE 和 BE 的 conf 目录下。优先读取 conf 目录下的 hadoop 配置文件，再读取环境变量 <code>HADOOP_CONF_DIR</code> 的相关配置文件。 </li><li>hive 支持 1/2/3 版本。</li><li>支持 Managed Table 和 External Table，支持部分 Hive View。</li><li>可以识别 Hive Metastore 中存储的 hive、iceberg、hudi 元数据。</li><li>如果 Hadoop 节点配置了 hostname，请确保添加对应的映射关系到 /etc/hosts 文件。</li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="创建-catalog">创建 Catalog<a href="#创建-catalog" class="hash-link" aria-label="创建 Catalog的直接链接" title="创建 Catalog的直接链接"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-hdfs">Hive On HDFS<a href="#hive-on-hdfs" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On HDFS的直接链接" title="Hive On HDFS的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hms&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hadoop.username&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>除了 <code>type</code> 和 <code>hive.metastore.uris</code> 两个必须参数外，还可以通过更多参数来传递连接所需要的信息。</p><p>这些参数大多来自于 hadoop 集群的 <code>core-site.xml</code>, <code>hdfs-site.xml</code> 和 <code>hive-site.xml</code> 配置文件中。</p><p>如提供 HDFS HA 信息，示例如下：</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hms&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hadoop.username&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.nameservices&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;nn1,nn2&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;172.21.0.2:8088&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;172.21.0.3:8088&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><blockquote><p>关于 Kerberos 相关配置，请参阅 <code>连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群</code> 一节。</p></blockquote><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-viewfs">Hive On ViewFS<a href="#hive-on-viewfs" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On ViewFS的直接链接" title="Hive On ViewFS的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hms&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hadoop.username&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.nameservices&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;nn1,nn2&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;172.21.0.2:8088&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;172.21.0.3:8088&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;fs.defaultFS&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;viewfs://your-cluster&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;fs.viewfs.mounttable.your-cluster.link./ns1&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hdfs://your-nameservice/&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;fs.viewfs.mounttable.your-cluster.homedir&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;/ns1&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>ViewFS 相关参数可以如上面一样添加到 catalog 配置中，也可以添加到 <code>conf/core-site.xml</code> 中。</p><p>ViewFS 工作原理和参数配置可以参考 hadoop 相关文档，比如 <a href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/ViewFs.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/ViewFs.html</a></p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-juicefs">Hive On JuiceFS<a href="#hive-on-juicefs" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On JuiceFS的直接链接" title="Hive On JuiceFS的直接链接"></a></h3><p>数据存储在 JuiceFS，示例如下：</p><p>（需要把 <code>juicefs-hadoop-x.x.x.jar</code> 放在 <code>fe/lib/</code> 和 <code>apache_hdfs_broker/lib/</code> 下）</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hms&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hadoop.username&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;root&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;fs.jfs.impl&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;io.juicefs.JuiceFileSystem&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;fs.AbstractFileSystem.jfs.impl&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;io.juicefs.JuiceFS&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;juicefs.meta&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;xxx&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-s3">Hive On S3<a href="#hive-on-s3" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On S3的直接链接" title="Hive On S3的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hms&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive.metastore.uris&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;s3.endpoint&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;s3.region&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;us-east-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;s3.access_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;ak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;s3.secret_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;sk&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;use_path_style&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>可选属性：</p><ul><li>s3.connection.maximum：s3 最大连接数，默认 50</li><li>s3.connection.request.timeout：s3 请求超时时间，默认 3000ms</li><li>s3.connection.timeout：s3 连接超时时间，默认 1000ms</li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-oss">Hive On OSS<a href="#hive-on-oss" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On OSS的直接链接" title="Hive On OSS的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hms&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive.metastore.uris&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;oss.endpoint&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;oss.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;oss.access_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;ak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;oss.secret_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;sk&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-obs">Hive On OBS<a href="#hive-on-obs" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On OBS的直接链接" title="Hive On OBS的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hms&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive.metastore.uris&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;obs.endpoint&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;obs.access_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;ak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;obs.secret_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;sk&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-on-cos">Hive On COS<a href="#hive-on-cos" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive On COS的直接链接" title="Hive On COS的直接链接"></a></h3><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hms&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive.metastore.uris&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;cos.endpoint&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;cos.access_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;ak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;cos.secret_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;sk&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-with-glue">Hive With Glue<a href="#hive-with-glue" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive With Glue的直接链接" title="Hive With Glue的直接链接"></a></h3><blockquote><p>连接 Glue 时，如果是在非 EC2 环境，需要将 EC2 环境里的 <code>~/.aws</code> 目录拷贝到当前环境里。也可以下载<a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/getting-started-install.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AWS Cli</a>工具进行配置，这种方式也会在当前用户目录下创建<code>.aws</code>目录。</p></blockquote><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hms&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive.metastore.type&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;glue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;glue.endpoint&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;https://glue.us-east-1.amazonaws.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;glue.access_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;ak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;glue.secret_key&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;sk&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="元数据缓存与刷新">元数据缓存与刷新<a href="#元数据缓存与刷新" class="hash-link" aria-label="元数据缓存与刷新的直接链接" title="元数据缓存与刷新的直接链接"></a></h2><p>针对 Hive Catalog，在 Doris 中会缓存 4 种元数据：</p><ol><li>表结构：缓存表的列信息等。</li><li>分区值：缓存一个表的所有分区的分区值信息。</li><li>分区信息：缓存每个分区的信息，如分区数据格式，分区存储位置、分区值等。</li><li>文件信息：缓存每个分区所对应的文件信息，如文件路径位置等。</li></ol><p>以上缓存信息不会持久化到 Doris 中，所以在 Doris 的 FE 节点重启、切主等操作，都可能导致缓存失效。缓存失效后，Doris 会直接访问 Hive MetaStore 获取信息，并重新填充缓存。</p><p>元数据缓可以根据用户的需要，进行自动、手动，或配置 TTL（Time-to-Live）的方式进行更新。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="默认行为和-ttl">默认行为和 TTL<a href="#默认行为和-ttl" class="hash-link" aria-label="默认行为和 TTL的直接链接" title="默认行为和 TTL的直接链接"></a></h3><p>默认情况下，元数据缓存会在第一次被填充后的 10 分钟后失效。该时间由 fe.conf 的配置参数 <code>external_cache_expire_time_minutes_after_access</code> 决定。（注意，在 2.0.1 及以前的版本中，该参数默认值为 1 天）。</p><p>例如，用户在 10:00 第一次访问表 A 的元数据，那么这些元数据会被缓存，并且到 10:10 后会自动失效，如果用户在 10:11 再次访问相同的元数据，则会直接访问 Hive MetaStore 获取信息，并重新填充缓存。</p><p><code>external_cache_expire_time_minutes_after_access</code> 会影响 Catalog 下的所有 4 种缓存。</p><p>针对 Hive 中常用的 <code>INSERT INTO OVERWRITE PARTITION</code> 操作，也可以通过配置 <code>文件信息缓存</code> 的 TTL，来及时的更新 <code>文件信息缓存</code>：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">CREATE CATALOG hive PROPERTIES (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;type&#x27;=&#x27;hms&#x27;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27; = &#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;file.meta.cache.ttl-second&#x27; = &#x27;60&#x27;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>上面的例子中，<code>file.meta.cache.ttl-second</code> 设置为 60 秒，则缓存会在 60 秒后失效。这个参数，只会影响 <code>文件信息缓存</code>。</p><p>也可以将该值设置为 0 来禁用分区文件缓存，每次都会从 Hive MetaStore 直接获取文件信息。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="手动刷新">手动刷新<a href="#手动刷新" class="hash-link" aria-label="手动刷新的直接链接" title="手动刷新的直接链接"></a></h3><p>用户需要通过 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/sql-manual/sql-statements/Utility-Statements/REFRESH">REFRESH</a> 命令手动刷新元数据。</p><ol><li><p>REFRESH CATALOG：刷新指定 Catalog。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">REFRESH CATALOG ctl1 PROPERTIES(&quot;invalid_cache&quot; = &quot;true&quot;);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>该命令会刷新指定 Catalog 的库列表，表列名以及所有缓存信息等。</p><p><code>invalid_cache</code> 表示是否要刷新缓存。默认为 true。如果为 false，则只会刷新 Catalog 的库、表列表，而不会刷新缓存信息。该参数适用于，用户只想同步新增删的库表信息时。</p></li><li><p>REFRESH DATABASE：刷新指定 Database。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">REFRESH DATABASE [ctl.]db1 PROPERTIES(&quot;invalid_cache&quot; = &quot;true&quot;);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>该命令会刷新指定 Database 的表列名以及 Database 下的所有缓存信息等。</p><p><code>invalid_cache</code> 属性含义同上。默认为 true。如果为 false，则只会刷新 Database 的表列表，而不会刷新缓存信息。该参数适用于，用户只想同步新增删的表信息时。</p></li><li><p>REFRESH TABLE: 刷新指定 Table。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">REFRESH TABLE [ctl.][db.]tbl1;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>该命令会刷新指定 Table 下的所有缓存信息等。</p></li></ol><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="定时刷新">定时刷新<a href="#定时刷新" class="hash-link" aria-label="定时刷新的直接链接" title="定时刷新的直接链接"></a></h3><p>用户可以在创建 Catalog 时，设置该 Catalog 的定时刷新。</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">CREATE CATALOG hive PROPERTIES (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;type&#x27;=&#x27;hms&#x27;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27; = &#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &#x27;metadata_refresh_interval_sec&#x27; = &#x27;600&#x27;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">);</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>在上例中，<code>metadata_refresh_interval_sec</code> 表示每 600 秒刷新一次 Catalog。相当于每隔 600 秒，自动执行一次：</p><p><code>REFRESH CATALOG ctl1 PROPERTIES(&quot;invalid_cache&quot; = &quot;true&quot;);</code></p><p>操作。</p><p>定时刷新间隔不得小于 5 秒。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="自动刷新">自动刷新<a href="#自动刷新" class="hash-link" aria-label="自动刷新的直接链接" title="自动刷新的直接链接"></a></h3><p>自动刷新目前仅支持 Hive Metastore 元数据服务。通过让 FE 节点定时读取 HMS 的 notification event 来感知 Hive 表元数据的变更情况，目前支持处理如下 event：</p><table><thead><tr><th>事件</th><th>事件行为和对应的动作</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CREATE DATABASE</td><td>在对应数据目录下创建数据库。</td></tr><tr><td>DROP DATABASE</td><td>在对应数据目录下删除数据库。</td></tr><tr><td>ALTER DATABASE</td><td>此事件的影响主要有更改数据库的属性信息，注释及默认存储位置等，这些改变不影响 doris 对外部数据目录的查询操作，因此目前会忽略此 event。</td></tr><tr><td>CREATE TABLE</td><td>在对应数据库下创建表。</td></tr><tr><td>DROP TABLE</td><td>在对应数据库下删除表，并失效表的缓存。</td></tr><tr><td>ALTER TABLE</td><td>如果是重命名，先删除旧名字的表，再用新名字创建表，否则失效该表的缓存。</td></tr><tr><td>ADD PARTITION</td><td>在对应表缓存的分区列表里添加分区。</td></tr><tr><td>DROP PARTITION</td><td>在对应表缓存的分区列表里删除分区，并失效该分区的缓存。</td></tr><tr><td>ALTER PARTITION</td><td>如果是重命名，先删除旧名字的分区，再用新名字创建分区，否则失效该分区的缓存。</td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote><p>当导入数据导致文件变更，分区表会走 ALTER PARTITION event 逻辑，不分区表会走 ALTER TABLE event 逻辑。</p><p>如果绕过 HMS 直接操作文件系统的话，HMS 不会生成对应事件，doris 因此也无法感知</p></blockquote><p>该特性在 fe.conf 中有如下参数：</p><ol><li><code>enable_hms_events_incremental_sync</code>: 是否开启元数据自动增量同步功能，默认关闭。</li><li><code>hms_events_polling_interval_ms</code>: 读取 event 的间隔时间，默认值为 10000，单位：毫秒。</li><li><code>hms_events_batch_size_per_rpc</code>: 每次读取 event 的最大数量，默认值为 500。</li></ol><p>如果想使用该特性 (华为 MRS 除外)，需要更改 HMS 的 hive-site.xml 并重启 HMS 和 HiveServer2：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;name&gt;hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth&lt;/name&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;value&gt;false&lt;/value&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;/property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;name&gt;hive.metastore.dml.events&lt;/name&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;value&gt;true&lt;/value&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;/property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;name&gt;hive.metastore.transactional.event.listeners&lt;/name&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;value&gt;org.apache.hive.hcatalog.listener.DbNotificationListener&lt;/value&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;/property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>华为的 MRS 需要更改 hivemetastore-site.xml 并重启 HMS 和 HiveServer2：</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;property&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;name&gt;metastore.transactional.event.listeners&lt;/name&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    &lt;value&gt;org.apache.hive.hcatalog.listener.DbNotificationListener&lt;/value&gt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">&lt;/property&gt;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-版本">Hive 版本<a href="#hive-版本" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive 版本的直接链接" title="Hive 版本的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Doris 可以正确访问不同 Hive 版本中的 Hive Metastore。在默认情况下，Doris 会以 Hive 2.3 版本的兼容接口访问 Hive Metastore。</p><p>如在查询时遇到如 <code>Invalid method name: &#x27;get_table_req&#x27;</code> 类似错误，说明 hive 版本不匹配。</p><p>你可以在创建 Catalog 时指定 hive 的版本。如访问 Hive 1.1.0 版本：</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hms&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.metastore.uris&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;thrift://172.0.0.1:9083&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;hive.version&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;1.1.0&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="列类型映射">列类型映射<a href="#列类型映射" class="hash-link" aria-label="列类型映射的直接链接" title="列类型映射的直接链接"></a></h2><p>适用于 Hive/Iceberge/Hudi</p><table><thead><tr><th>HMS Type</th><th>Doris Type</th><th>Comment</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>boolean</td><td>boolean</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tinyint</td><td>tinyint</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>smallint</td><td>smallint</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>int</td><td>int</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bigint</td><td>bigint</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>date</td><td>date</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>timestamp</td><td>datetime</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>float</td><td>float</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>double</td><td>double</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>char</td><td>char</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>varchar</td><td>varchar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>decimal</td><td>decimal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>array&lt;type&gt;</code></td><td><code>array&lt;type&gt;</code></td><td>支持嵌套，如 <code>array&lt;map&lt;string, int&gt;&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>map&lt;KeyType, ValueType&gt;</code></td><td><code>map&lt;KeyType, ValueType&gt;</code></td><td>支持嵌套，如 <code>map&lt;string, array&lt;int&gt;&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>struct&lt;col1: Type1, col2: Type2, ...&gt;</code></td><td><code>struct&lt;col1: Type1, col2: Type2, ...&gt;</code></td><td>支持嵌套，如 <code>struct&lt;col1: array&lt;int&gt;, col2: map&lt;int, date&gt;&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td>other</td><td>unsupported</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote><p>注：是否按照 hive 表的 schema 来截断 char 或者 varchar 列</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>如果会话变量 <code>truncate_char_or_varchar_columns</code> 开启，则当 hive 表的 schema 中 char 或者 varchar 列的最大长度和底层 parquet 或者 orc 文件中的 schema 不一致时会按照 hive 表列的最大长度进行截断。</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>该变量默认为 false。</p></blockquote><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="使用-broker-访问-hms">使用 broker 访问 HMS<a href="#使用-broker-访问-hms" class="hash-link" aria-label="使用 broker 访问 HMS的直接链接" title="使用 broker 访问 HMS的直接链接"></a></h2><p>创建 HMS Catalog 时增加如下配置，Hive 外表文件分片和文件扫描将会由名为 <code>test_broker</code> 的 broker 完成</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;broker.name&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;test_broker&quot;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Doris 基于 Iceberg <code>FileIO</code> 接口实现了 Broker 查询 HMS Catalog Iceberg 的支持。如有需求，可以在创建 HMS Catalog 时增加如下配置。</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;io-impl&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;org.apache.doris.datasource.iceberg.broker.IcebergBrokerIO&quot;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="集成-apache-ranger">集成 Apache Ranger<a href="#集成-apache-ranger" class="hash-link" aria-label="集成 Apache Ranger的直接链接" title="集成 Apache Ranger的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Apache Ranger 是一个用来在 Hadoop 平台上进行监控，启用服务，以及全方位数据安全访问管理的安全框架。</p><p>Doris 支持为指定的 External Hive Catalog 使用 Apache Ranger 进行鉴权。</p><p>目前支持 Ranger 的库、表、列的鉴权，暂不支持加密、行权限、Data Mask 等功能。</p><p>如需使用 Apache Ranger 为整个 Doris 集群服务进行鉴权，请参阅 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/admin-manual/auth/ranger">Apache Ranger</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="环境配置">环境配置<a href="#环境配置" class="hash-link" aria-label="环境配置的直接链接" title="环境配置的直接链接"></a></h3><p>连接开启 Ranger 权限校验的 Hive Metastore 需要增加配置 &amp; 配置环境：</p><ol><li><p>创建 Catalog 时增加：</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;access_controller.properties.ranger.service.name&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;hive&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;access_controller.class&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;org.apache.doris.catalog.authorizer.ranger.hive.RangerHiveAccessControllerFactory&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><blockquote><p>注意：</p><p><code>access_controller.properties.ranger.service.name</code> 指的是 service 的类型，例如 <code>hive</code>，<code>hdfs</code> 等。并不是配置文件中 <code>ranger.plugin.hive.service.name</code> 的值。</p></blockquote></li><li><p>配置所有 FE 环境：</p><ol><li><p>将 HMS conf 目录下的配置文件 ranger-hive-audit.xml,ranger-hive-security.xml,ranger-policymgr-ssl.xml 复制到 FE 的 conf 目录下。</p></li><li><p>修改 ranger-hive-security.xml 的属性，参考配置如下：</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">?xml version</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> encoding</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class="token plain">?</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">?xml</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">stylesheet </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">type</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;text/xsl&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> href</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;configuration.xsl&quot;</span><span class="token plain">?</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">configuration</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">#The directory for caching permission data, needs to be writable</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">cache</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">dir</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">mnt</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">datadisk0</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">zhangdong</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">rangerdata</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">#The time interval for periodically pulling permission data</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">pollIntervalMs</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token number">30000</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">rest</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">client</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">connection</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">timeoutMs</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 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plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">rest</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">client</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">read</span><span 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class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">rest</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">url</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">http:</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">//172.21.0.32:6080&lt;/value&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">source</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">impl</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">org</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">apache</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">admin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">client</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">RangerAdminRESTClient</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">ranger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">service</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 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plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">xasecure</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">hive</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">xapolicies</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">on</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">grant</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">revoke</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">value</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">property</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">configuration</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li><li><p>为获取到 Ranger 鉴权本身的日志，可在 <code>&lt;doris_home&gt;/conf</code> 目录下添加配置文件 log4j.properties。</p></li><li><p>重启 FE。</p></li></ol></li></ol><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="最佳实践">最佳实践<a href="#最佳实践" class="hash-link" aria-label="最佳实践的直接链接" title="最佳实践的直接链接"></a></h3><ol><li><p>在 ranger 端创建用户 user1 并授权 db1.table1.col1 的查询权限</p></li><li><p>在 ranger 端创建角色 role1 并授权 db1.table1.col2 的查询权限</p></li><li><p>在 doris 创建同名用户 user1，user1 将直接拥有 db1.table1.col1 的查询权限</p></li><li><p>在 doris 创建同名角色 role1，并将 role1 分配给 user1，user1 将同时拥有 db1.table1.col1 和 col2 的查询权限</p></li><li><p>Admin 和 Root 用户的权限不受 Apache Ranger 的权限控制</p></li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="连接-kerberos-认证的-hive-集群">连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群<a href="#连接-kerberos-认证的-hive-集群" class="hash-link" aria-label="连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群的直接链接" title="连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群的直接链接"></a></h2><p>本小节主要介绍如何连接开启 Kerberos 认证的 Hive + HDFS 集群。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="环境准备">环境准备<a href="#环境准备" class="hash-link" aria-label="环境准备的直接链接" title="环境准备的直接链接"></a></h3><ul><li><p><code>krb5.conf</code></p><p><code>krb5.conf</code> 是 Kerberos 认证协议的配置文件。需将该文件部署在所有 FE 和 BE 节点上。并确保 Doris 集群可以和文件中记录的 KDC 服务连通。</p><p>默认情况下，该文件位于 Hadoop 集群的 <code>/etc</code> 目录下。但请联系 Hadoop 集群管理员获取正确的 <code>krb5.conf</code> 文件，并将其部署到所有 FE 和 BE 节点的 <code>/etc</code> 目录下。</p><p>注意，某些情况下，<code>krb5.conf</code> 的文件位置可能取决于环境变量 <code>KRB5_CONFIG</code> 或 JVM 参数中的 <code>-Djava.security.krb5.conf</code> 参数。请检查这些属性以确定 <code>krb5.conf</code> 的确切位置。</p></li><li><p>JVM 参数</p><p>请在 FE 和 BE 的 JVM 参数中添加如下配置（位于 fe.conf 和 be.conf 中）：</p><ul><li><code>-Djavax.security.auth.useSubjectCredsOnly=false</code></li><li><code>-Dsun.security.krb5.debug=true</code></li></ul><p>并重启 FE、BE 节点以确保其生效。</p></li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="catalog-配置">Catalog 配置<a href="#catalog-配置" class="hash-link" aria-label="Catalog 配置的直接链接" title="Catalog 配置的直接链接"></a></h3><p>通常情况下，连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群，需要在 Catalog 中添加如下属性：</p><ul><li><code>&quot;hadoop.security.authentication&quot; = &quot;kerberos&quot;</code>：开启 kerberos 认证方式。</li><li><code>&quot;hadoop.kerberos.principal&quot; = &quot;your_principal&quot;</code>：HDFS namenode 的 principal。通常是 <code>hdfs-site.xml</code> 的 <code>dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal</code> 配置。</li><li><code>&quot;hadoop.kerberos.keytab&quot; = &quot;/path/to/your_keytab&quot;</code>：HDFS namenode 的 keytab 文件。通常是 <code>hdfs-site.xml</code> 的 <code>dfs.namenode.keytab.file</code> 配置。注意，这个文件需要部署到所有 FE 和 BE 节点相同的目录下（可自定义）。</li><li><code>&quot;yarn.resourcemanager.principal&quot; = &quot;your_principal&quot;</code>：Yarn Resource Manager 的 principal，可以在 <code>yarn-site.xml</code> 中获取。</li><li><code>&quot;hive.metastore.kerberos.principal&quot; = &quot;your_principal&quot;</code>：Hive metastore 的 principal。可以再 <code>hive-site.xml</code> 中。</li></ul><blockquote><p>注：建议使用 <code>kinit -kt your_principal /path/to/your_keytab</code> 以及 <code>klist -k /path/to/your_keytab</code> 来</p></blockquote><p>示例如下：</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> CATALOG hive_krb PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;type&#x27;</span><span class="token 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</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-principal@YOUR.COM&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;yarn.resourcemanager.principal&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-rm-principal&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token 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class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-rm-principal&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.nameservices&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;nn1,nn2&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" 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plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice&#x27;</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="问题排查">问题排查<a href="#问题排查" class="hash-link" aria-label="问题排查的直接链接" title="问题排查的直接链接"></a></h3><p>如遇 Kerberos 认证问题，在设置了 JVM 参数 <code>-Dsun.security.krb5.debug=true</code> 后，会在 <code>fe.out</code> 或 <code>be.out</code> 中打印 Kerberos 认证相关信息。可以参考 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/faq/lakehouse-faq">FAQ</a> 中的相关错误进行排查。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-transactional-表">Hive Transactional 表<a href="#hive-transactional-表" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive Transactional 表的直接链接" title="Hive Transactional 表的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Hive transactional 表是 Hive 中支持 ACID 语义的表。详情可见：<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Hive+Transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Hive+Transactions</a></p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hive-transactional-表支持情况">Hive Transactional 表支持情况：<a href="#hive-transactional-表支持情况" class="hash-link" aria-label="Hive Transactional 表支持情况：的直接链接" title="Hive Transactional 表支持情况：的直接链接"></a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>表类型</th><th>在 Hive 中支持的操作</th><th>Hive 表属性</th><th>支持的 Hive 版本</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Full-ACID Transactional Table</td><td>支持 Insert, Update, Delete 操作</td><td>&#x27;transactional&#x27;=&#x27;true&#x27;, &#x27;transactional_properties&#x27;=&#x27;insert_only&#x27;</td><td>3.x，2.x，其中 2.x 需要在 Hive 中执行完 major compaction 才可以加载</td></tr><tr><td>Insert-Only Transactional Table</td><td>只支持 Insert 操作</td><td>&#x27;transactional&#x27;=&#x27;true&#x27;</td><td>3.x，2.x</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="当前限制">当前限制：<a href="#当前限制" class="hash-link" aria-label="当前限制：的直接链接" title="当前限制：的直接链接"></a></h3><p>目前不支持 Original Files 的场景。
 当一个表转换成 Transactional 表之后，后续新写的数据文件会使用 Hive Transactional 表的 schema，但是已经存在的数据文件是不会转化成 Transactional 表的 schema，这样的文件称为 Original Files。</p></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="文件选项卡"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/zh-CN/docs/lakehouse/lakehouse-overview"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">上一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">湖仓一体概述</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/zh-CN/docs/lakehouse/datalake-analytics/hudi"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">下一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Hudi</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_jeP5 thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><a href="https://ask.selectdb.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="ml-4 mb-8 flex items-center hover:no-underline"><span class="pr-2">问答论坛</span><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="8500" id="mx_n_1711090272569" width="16" height="16"><path d="M522.24 896.512c-25.6 4.608-51.712 7.168-78.336 7.168-79.36 0-157.696-21.504-225.792-62.464l-18.432-10.752-103.936 28.16c-28.672 7.68-54.784-18.432-47.104-47.104l28.16-103.936c-10.752-17.92-17.408-30.208-20.992-36.864C20.992 607.232 3.072 536.064 3.584 463.36c0-243.2 197.12-440.32 440.32-440.32 221.696 0 405.504 164.352 435.712 377.856 90.112 55.808 144.896 154.112 144.896 260.096 0 51.2-12.8 100.352-36.352 144.384-2.048 4.096-6.144 10.752-11.776 20.48l17.408 64c7.68 28.672-18.432 54.784-47.104 47.104l-64-17.408-7.68 4.608c-47.616 28.672-101.888 43.52-157.184 43.52-71.68-0.512-140.8-25.088-195.584-71.168z m95.232-28.672c31.232 15.36 65.536 23.04 100.352 23.04 41.472 0 82.432-11.264 117.76-32.768 2.56-1.536 9.728-5.632 22.016-12.8 8.704-5.12 19.456-6.656 29.184-3.584l14.848 4.096-4.096-14.848c-2.56-10.24-1.536-20.48 4.096-29.696 6.144-10.24 12.288-20.992 18.432-31.232 17.92-33.28 27.136-70.656 27.136-108.544 0-59.904-23.552-117.76-65.536-160.256-13.312 164.352-118.272 303.616-264.192 366.592z m-462.848-155.648l-14.848 54.784 54.784-14.848c9.728-2.56 20.48-1.536 29.184 4.096 18.432 10.752 29.184 16.896 32.768 19.456 56.32 33.792 120.832 51.712 186.88 51.712 200.704 0 363.52-162.816 363.52-363.52s-162.816-363.52-363.52-363.52-363.52 162.816-363.52 363.52c0 60.928 14.848 119.296 43.008 171.52 3.584 7.168 13.312 23.04 27.648 47.616 5.632 8.704 6.656 19.456 4.096 29.184z m448.512-382.976c20.992 0 38.4 16.896 38.4 38.4 0 20.992-16.896 38.4-38.4 38.4H284.16c-20.992 0-38.4-16.896-38.4-38.4 0-20.992 16.896-38.4 38.4-38.4h318.976z m-153.088 191.488c20.992 0 38.4 16.896 38.4 38.4 0 20.992-16.896 38.4-38.4 38.4H284.16c-20.992 0-38.4-16.896-38.4-38.4 0-20.992 16.896-38.4 38.4-38.4h165.888z m0 0" p-id="8501" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a><span class="ml-4">本页导航</span><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#使用须知" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">使用须知</a></li><li><a href="#创建-catalog" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">创建 Catalog</a><ul><li><a href="#hive-on-hdfs" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On HDFS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-viewfs" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On ViewFS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-juicefs" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On JuiceFS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-s3" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On S3</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-oss" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On OSS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-obs" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On OBS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-on-cos" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive On COS</a></li><li><a href="#hive-with-glue" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive With Glue</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#元数据缓存与刷新" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">元数据缓存与刷新</a><ul><li><a href="#默认行为和-ttl" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">默认行为和 TTL</a></li><li><a href="#手动刷新" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">手动刷新</a></li><li><a href="#定时刷新" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">定时刷新</a></li><li><a href="#自动刷新" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">自动刷新</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#hive-版本" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Hive 版本</a></li><li><a href="#列类型映射" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">列类型映射</a></li><li><a href="#使用-broker-访问-hms" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">使用 broker 访问 HMS</a></li><li><a href="#集成-apache-ranger" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">集成 Apache Ranger</a><ul><li><a href="#环境配置" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">环境配置</a></li><li><a href="#最佳实践" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">最佳实践</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#连接-kerberos-认证的-hive-集群" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">连接 Kerberos 认证的 Hive 集群</a><ul><li><a 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