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<b>尚未发布</b>的版本文档，不建议作为使用参考。</div><div class=margin-top--md>使用参考请跳转至 <b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/4.x/query-data/udf/alias-function/>4.x</a></b>/<b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/3.x/query-data/udf/alias-function/>3.x</a></b>/<b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/2.1/query-data/udf/alias-function/>2.1</a></b> 正式版本文档进行查阅。</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_c0TR><article><div class=mobileStickyHeader_xVvS><div class=toolbar_oPIw><div class=toolbarSearch_vqZg><div class="navbar__search searchBarContainer_PzyC" dir=ltr><input placeholder=搜索 aria-label=Search class=navbar__search-input value=""><div class="loadingRing__K5d searchBarLoadingRing_e2f0"><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div><div class=toolbarLocale_ZTBC><button type=button class=toolbarIconBtn_iZSK aria-label=切换语言 aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false><svg class=toolbarIcon_n29S width=16 height=16 viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill=none aria-hidden=true><path d="M7.75756 14.3L10.5816 6.91667H11.8759L14.7 14.3H13.4057L12.7501 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class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/docs/dev/getting-started/intro/>dev</a><li itemscope itemprop=itemListElement itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link itemprop=item href=/zh-CN/docs/dev/query-data/querying-overview/><span itemprop=name>数据查询</span></a><meta itemprop=position content=1><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>自定义函数</span><meta itemprop=position content=2><li itemscope itemprop=itemListElement itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link itemprop=name>别名函数</span><meta itemprop=position content=3></ul></nav></div><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_bxCs"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>别名函数</h1></header><p>别名函数（Alias Function）是指为某个函数或表达式片段注册一个新的签名，从而以另一个名字来调用它。借助别名函数，可以在迁移异构数据库的查询时屏蔽函数名差异，也可以将复杂的表达式片段封装成一个简洁的函数调用。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=概念介绍>概念介绍<a href=#概念介绍 class=hash-link aria-label=概念介绍的直接链接 title=概念介绍的直接链接></a></h2> |
| <p>别名函数本质是为一个函数或表达式片段在系统中注册新的签名，调用别名等价于调用其指向的真实表达式。</p> |
| <p>与其他自定义函数一致，别名函数支持两种作用域：</p> |
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| <table><thead><tr><th>作用域<th>注册范围<th>调用方式<tbody><tr><td><code>LOCAL</code><td>当前数据库<td>在其他数据库中调用需使用全限定名 <code><所属数据库名>.<函数名></code><tr><td><code>GLOBAL</code><td>全局<td>在任意数据库下都可直接通过函数名访问</table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=使用场景>使用场景<a href=#使用场景 class=hash-link aria-label=使用场景的直接链接 title=使用场景的直接链接></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=场景一异构数据库迁移时为函数起别名>场景一：异构数据库迁移时为函数起别名<a href=#场景一异构数据库迁移时为函数起别名 class=hash-link aria-label=��场景一：异构数据库迁移时为函数起别名的直接链接 title=场景一：异构数据库迁移时为函数起别名的直接链接></a></h3> |
| <p>在系统迁移过程中，用户已有的查询可能来自其他数据库系统。这些查询中常存在与 Doris 中某个函数功能一致、但名称不同的函数。</p> |
| <p>通过为该 Doris 函数定义一个与原数据库同名的别名函数，可以在用户侧无感的情况下完成迁移，不必逐条改写 SQL。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=场景二简化复杂查询语句>场景二：简化复杂查询语句<a href=#场景二简化复杂查询语句 class=hash-link aria-label=场景二：简化复杂查询语句的直接链接 title=场景二：简化复杂查询语句的直接链接></a></h3> |
| <p>在复杂分析场景中，同一个语句或不同语句中往往存在大量重复的表达式片段。</p> |
| <p>通过为这一段复杂表达式创建别名函数，可以：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>简化查询语句的书写；</li> |
| <li>提升 SQL 的可读性与可维护性；</li> |
| <li>降低重复表达式不一致带来的维护成本。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=支持范围>支持范围<a href=#支持范围 class=hash-link aria-label=支持范围的直接链接 title=支持范围的直接链接></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=表达式要求>表达式要求<a href=#表达式要求 class=hash-link aria-label=表达式要求的直接链接 title=表达式要求的直接链接></a></h3> |
| <p>当前别名函数所指向的真实表达式，其根节点必须是函数表达式。</p> |
| <p>合法示例：</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);--prism-color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token comment" style="color:hsl(230, 4%, 64%)">-- 创建一个名为 func，参数为 INT, INT 的别名函数，实际指向的表达式为 abs(foo + bar)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> ALIAS </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">WITH</span><span class="token plain"> PARAMETER</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">foo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">AS</span><span class="token plain"> abs</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">foo </span><span class="token operator" style="color:hsl(221, 87%, 60%)">+</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:hsl(230, 4%, 64%)">-- 创建一个名为 func，参数为 DATETIMEV2(3), INT 的别名函数，实际指向的表达式为 date_trunc(days_sub(foo, bar), 'day')</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> ALIAS </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">DATETIMEV2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:hsl(35, 99%, 36%)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">WITH</span><span class="token plain"> PARAMETER </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">foo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">AS</span><span class="token plain"> date_trunc</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">days_sub</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">foo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">'day'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>不合法示例：</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);--prism-color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token comment" style="color:hsl(230, 4%, 64%)">-- 根表达式不是函数，而是算术运算符</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> ALIAS </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">WITH</span><span class="token plain"> PARAMETER</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">(</span><span class="token plain">foo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">,</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:hsl(301, 63%, 40%)">AS</span><span class="token plain"> foo </span><span class="token operator" style="color:hsl(221, 87%, 60%)">+</span><span class="token plain"> bar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:hsl(119, 34%, 47%)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=参数要求>参数要求<a href=#参数要求 class=hash-link aria-label=参数要求的直接链接 title=参数要求的直接链接></a></h3> |
| <p>别名函数的参数当前需满足以下两点：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>不支持变长参数；</li> |
| <li>至少包含一个参数。</li> |
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