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<!doctype html><html lang=zh-Hans-CN dir=ltr class="docs-wrapper plugin-docs plugin-id-default docs-version-current docs-doc-page docs-doc-id-query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics" data-has-hydrated=false><meta charset=UTF-8><meta name=generator content="Docusaurus v3.6.3"><title data-rh=true>聚合多维分析 - Apache Doris</title><meta data-rh=true name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"><meta data-rh=true name=twitter:card content=summary_large_image><meta data-rh=true property=og:url content=https://doris.apache.org/zh-CN/docs/dev/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/><meta data-rh=true property=og:locale content=zh_Hans-CN><meta data-rh=true property=og:locale:alternate content=en_US><meta data-rh=true name=docusaurus_locale content=zh-CN><meta data-rh=true name=docsearch:language content=zh-CN><meta data-rh=true name=docusaurus_version content=current><meta data-rh=true name=docusaurus_tag content=docs-default-current><meta data-rh=true name=docsearch:version content=current><meta data-rh=true name=docsearch:docusaurus_tag content=docs-default-current><meta data-rh=true property=og:title content="聚合多维分析 - Apache Doris"><meta data-rh=true name=description content="在数据库中，ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 是用于多维数据聚合的高级 SQL 语句。这些功能显著增强了 GROUP BY 子句的能力，使得用户可以在单一查询中获得多种层次的汇总结果，这在语义上等价于使用 UNION ALL 连接多个聚合语句。"><meta data-rh=true property=og:description content="在数据库中，ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 是用于多维数据聚合的高级 SQL 语句。这些功能显著增强了 GROUP BY 子句的能力，使得用户可以在单一查询中获得多种层次的汇总结果，这在语义上等价于使用 UNION ALL 连接多个聚合语句。"><link data-rh=true rel=icon href=/zh-CN/images/favicon.ico><link data-rh=true rel=canonical href=https://doris.apache.org/zh-CN/docs/dev/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/><link data-rh=true rel=alternate href=https://doris.apache.org/docs/dev/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/ hreflang=en-US><link data-rh=true rel=alternate href=https://doris.apache.org/zh-CN/docs/dev/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/ hreflang=zh-Hans-CN><link data-rh=true rel=alternate href=https://doris.apache.org/docs/dev/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/ hreflang=x-default><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/zh-CN/blog/rss.xml title="Apache Doris RSS Feed"><link rel=alternate type=application/atom+xml href=/zh-CN/blog/atom.xml title="Apache Doris Atom Feed"><link rel=preconnect href=https://analytics.apache.org/><script>var _paq=window._paq=window._paq||[];_paq.push(["setRequestMethod","POST"]),_paq.push(["trackPageView"]),_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]),_paq.push(["enableHeartBeatTimer"]),function(){var e="https://analytics.apache.org/";_paq.push(["setRequestMethod","POST"]),_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl",e+"matomo.php"]),_paq.push(["setSiteId","43"]);var a=document,t=a.createElement("script"),p=a.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];t.type="text/javascript",t.async=!0,t.src=e+"matomo.js",p.parentNode.insertBefore(t,p)}()</script><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/katex.min.css><script src=/js/custom-script.js></script><script async src=https://widget.kapa.ai/kapa-widget.bundle.js data-website-id=a5fb90df-217a-4097-95c0-80490220314b data-modal-title="Apache Doris AI" data-project-name="Apache Doris Website" data-project-logo=https://cdn.selectdb.com/static/doris_1_3c42247c63.png data-modal-image=https://cdn.selectdb.com/static/doris_logo_only_9617fa366a.png data-project-color=#444FD9 data-modal-disclaimer="This is a custom LLM with access to all [Doris documentation](https://doris.apache.org/docs/4.x/gettingStarted/what-is-apache-doris)." data-consent-required data-consent-screen-disclaimer="By clicking &amp;quot;I agree, let's chat&amp;quot;, you consent to the use of the AI assistant in accordance with kapa.ai's [Privacy Policy](https://www.kapa.ai/content/privacy-policy). 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class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>此处为 Apache Doris <b>尚未发布</b>的版本文档，不建议作为使用参考。</div><div class=margin-top--md>使用参考请跳转至 <b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/4.x/query-data/multi-dimensional-analytics/>2.1</a></b> 或 <b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/3.x/gettingStarted/what-is-apache-doris/>3.x</a></b> 正式版本文档进行查阅。</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_c0TR><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=页面路径><ul class=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label=主页面 class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>使用指南</span><meta itemprop=position content=1><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>数据查询</span><meta itemprop=position content=2><li itemscope itemprop=itemListElement itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link itemprop=name>聚合多维分析</span><meta itemprop=position content=3></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_bxCs"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>聚合多维分析</h1></header><p>在数据库中，ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 是用于多维数据聚合的高级 SQL 语句。这些功能显著增强了 GROUP BY 子句的能力，使得用户可以在单一查询中获得多种层次的汇总结果，这在语义上等价于使用 UNION ALL 连接多个聚合语句。</p>
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<p><strong>ROLLUP</strong>：ROLLUP 是一种用于生成层次化汇总的操作。它按照指定的列顺序进行汇总，从最细粒度的数据逐步汇总到最高层次。例如，在销售数据中，可以使用 ROLLUP 按地区、时间进行汇总，得到每个地区每个月的销售额、每个地区的总销售额以及整体总销售额。ROLLUP 适用于需要逐级汇总的场景。</p>
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<p><strong>CUBE</strong>：CUBE 是一种更为强大的聚合操作，它生成所有可能的汇总组合。与 ROLLUP 不同，CUBE 会计算所有维度的子集。例如，对于按产品和地区进行统计的销售数据，CUBE 会计算每个产品在每个地区的销售额、每个产品的总销售额、每个地区的总销售额以及整体总销售额。CUBE 适用于需要全面多维分析的场景，如业务分析和市场调查。</p>
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<p><strong>GROUPING SETS</strong>：GROUPING SETS 提供了对特定分组集进行聚合的灵活性。它允许用户指定一组列的组合进行独立聚合，而不是像 ROLLUP 和 CUBE 那样生成所有可能的组合。例如，可以定义按地区和时间的特定组合进行汇总，而不需要每个维度的所有组合。GROUPING SETS 适用于需要定制化汇总的场景，提供了灵活的聚合控制。</p>
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</ul>
<p>ROLLUP、CUBE 和 GROUPING SETS 提供了强大的多维数据汇总功能，适用于各种数据分析和报告需求，使得复杂的聚合计算变得更加简便和高效。接下来将详细介绍以上功能使用场景、语法与示例。</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=rollup>ROLLUP<a href=#rollup class=hash-link aria-label=ROLLUP的直接链接 title=ROLLUP的直接链接>​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=使用场景>使用场景<a href=#使用场景 class=hash-link aria-label=使用场景的直接链接 title=使用场景的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p>ROLLUP 对于按照时间、地理、类别等层次维度进行汇总时非常有用。例如，查询可以指定 <code>ROLLUP(year, month, day)</code> 或者 <code>(country, Province, city)</code>。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=语法和示例>语法和示例<a href=#语法和示例 class=hash-link aria-label=语法和示例的直接链接 title=语法和示例的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p>ROLLUP 的语法如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> … </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> ROLLUP</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">grouping_column_reference_list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>下面这个查询对销售额按照年月进行汇总分析：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1 </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ROLLUP</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>这个查询按照时间进行汇总，分别计算了每年的销售额小计、每年中每月的销售额小计，以及总体的销售额总计。查询结果如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">54262669.17</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">26640320.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9982165.83</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8454915.34</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8203239.29</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">27622348.71</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">11260654.35</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7722750.61</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8638943.75</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.08</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=cube>CUBE<a href=#cube class=hash-link aria-label=CUBE的直接链接 title=CUBE的直接链接>​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=使用场景-1>使用场景<a href=#使用场景-1 class=hash-link aria-label=使用场景的直接链接 title=使用场景的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p>CUBE 最适合用于查询涉及多个独立维度的列，而不是表示单个维度的不同级别的列。例如，常见的使用场景是对月份、地区和产品的所有组合进行汇总。这是三个独立的维度，分析所有可能的小计组合是很常见的。相比之下，显示年、月、日所有可能组合的交叉制表将包含几个不必要的值，因为时间维度中存在自然的层次结构。在大多数分析中，诸如按月日计算的利润之类的小计都是不必要的。相对较少的用户需要询问“全年每月 16 日的总销售额是多少”。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=语法和示例-1>语法和示例<a href=#语法和示例-1 class=hash-link aria-label=语法和示例的直接链接 title=语法和示例的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p>CUBE 的语法如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> … </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> CUBE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">grouping_column_reference_list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>使用示例：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Electronics"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"LA"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"AK"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> CUBE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>查询结果如下，它分别计算了：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>总计的销售额；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>各年度的销售额小计、各类别下商品的销售额小计、各州的销售额小计；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>每年每类产品的销售额小计、每个州每个产品的销售额小计、每年每个州的销售额小计和每年每个州各类别的产品的销售额小计。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8690374.60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2675198.33</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6015176.27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4238177.69</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1310791.36</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2927386.33</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4452196.91</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1364406.97</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3087789.94</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4369656.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1402539.19</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2967116.95</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2213703.82</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">719911.29</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1493792.53</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2155952.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">682627.90</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1473324.42</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4320718.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1272659.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3048059.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2024473.87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">590880.07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1433593.80</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2296244.59</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">681779.07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1614465.52</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.21</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=grouping-function>GROUPING FUNCTION<a href=#grouping-function class=hash-link aria-label="GROUPING FUNCTION的直接链接" title="GROUPING FUNCTION的直接链接">​</a></h2>
<p>本节将介绍如何解决使用 ROLLUP 和 CUBE 时出现的两个挑战：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>如何以编程方式识别出哪些结果集行代表小计，以及如何准确找到给定小计对应的聚合层级。由于在计算（如总计百分比）时经常需要使用小计，因此，我们需要一种简便的方法来识别这些小计行。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>当查询结果同时包含实际存储的 NULL 值和由 ROLLUP 或 CUBE 操作生成的“NULL”值时，会引发另一个问题：如何区分这两种 NULL 值？</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>通过 GROUPING、GROUPING_ID、GROUPING SETS 能够有效解决上述的两个挑战。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=grouping>GROUPING<a href=#grouping class=hash-link aria-label=GROUPING的直接链接 title=GROUPING的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p><strong>1. 原理介绍</strong></p>
<p>GROUPING 使用单个列作为参数，在遇到由 ROLLUP 或 CUBE 操作创建的 NULL 值时返回 1，即 NULL 表示该行是小计，则 GROUPING 返回 1。任何其他类型的值（包括表数据中本身的 NULL 值）都返回 0。</p>
<p>示例如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1 </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">group</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> rollup</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<ul>
<li>
<p>(year(d_date), month(d_date)) 组的 GROUPING 函数结果为 (0,0) 为按照年月聚合的结果</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>(year(d_date)) 组的 GROUPING 函数结果为 (0,1)，为按年聚合的结果；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>() 组的 GROUPING 函数结果为 (1,1)，为总计结果。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>查询结果如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+------------------------+-------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+------------------------+-------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">54262669.17</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">26640320.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9982165.83</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8454915.34</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8203239.29</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">27622348.71</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">11260654.35</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7722750.61</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8638943.75</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+---------------+-------------+------------------------+-------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.06</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p><strong>2. 使用场景、语法与示例</strong></p>
<p>GROUPING 函数可以用来过滤结果。示例如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain">ca_address_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Electronics"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"LA"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"AK"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">group</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> cube</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">having</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">or</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">or</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>在 HAVING 过滤条件中使用 GROUPING 函数，仅保留总计销售额，按年度汇总的销售额和按地区汇总的销售额。查询结果如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------------+------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">d1</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">d_date</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------------+------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8690374.60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2675198.33</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6015176.27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4369656.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4320718.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------------+------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.13</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>你也可以使用 GROUPING 函数和 IF 函数提高查询的可读性，示例如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Multi-year sum"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">grouping</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Multi-category sum"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Books"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Electronics"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"LA"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"AK"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">group</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> cube</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>查询结果如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------------+--------------------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------------+--------------------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2213703.82</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2155952.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2296244.59</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2024473.87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">category sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4369656.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">category sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4320718.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4238177.69</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4452196.91</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Multi</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">category sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8690374.60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------------+--------------------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.09</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=grouping_id>GROUPING_ID<a href=#grouping_id class=hash-link aria-label=GROUPING_ID的直接链接 title=GROUPING_ID的直接链接>​</a></h3>
<p><strong>1. 使用场景</strong></p>
<p>在数据库中，GROUPING_ID 和 GROUPING 函数都是用于处理多维数据聚合查询（如 ROLLUP 和 CUBE）时的辅助函数，它们帮助用户区分不同层级的聚合结果。如果你想确定某一行的聚合层级，你需要使用 GROUPING 函数对所有的 GROUP BY 列进行计算，因为单列的计算结果无法满足需求。</p>
<p>GROUPING_ID 函数比 GROUPING 更强大，因为它可以同时对多列进行检测。GROUPING_ID 函数接受多个列作为参数，并返回一个整数，该整数通过二进制位表示多个列的聚合状态。当使用表或物化视图保存计算结果时，使用 GROUPING 函数表示聚合的不同层级会占用较多的存储空间，在这种场景下，使用 GROUPING_ID 更加合适。</p>
<p>以 CUBE(a, b) 为例，其 GROUPING_ID 可以表示为：</p>
<table><thead><tr><th>聚合层级<th>Bit Vector<th>GROUPING_ID<th>GROUPING(a)<th>GROUPING(b)<tbody><tr><td>a,b<td>0 0<td>0<td>0<td>0<tr><td>a<td>0 1<td>1<td>0<td>1<tr><td>b<td>1 0<td>2<td>1<td>0<tr><td>Grand Total<td>1 1<td>3<td>1<td>1</table>
<p><strong>2. 语法和示例</strong></p>
<p>示例 SQL 查询如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> GROUPING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> GROUPING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> GROUPING_ID</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'LA'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'AK'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> CUBE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>查询结果如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+------------+------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING_ID</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+------------+------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2155952.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2213703.82</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2296244.59</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2024473.87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4369656.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4320718.46</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4452196.91</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4238177.69</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8690374.60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+------------+------------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.12</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=grouping-sets>GROUPING SETS<a href=#grouping-sets class=hash-link aria-label="GROUPING SETS的直接链接" title="GROUPING SETS的直接链接">​</a></h3>
<p><strong>1. 使用场景</strong></p>
<p>当需要有选择地指定要创建的组集，可以在 <code>GROUP BY</code> 子句中使用 <code>GROUPING SETS</code> 表达式。通过这种方法，允许用户跨多个维度进行精确指定，而无需计算整个 CUBE。</p>
<p>由于 CUBE 查询通常消耗较多资源，当仅对少数几个维度感兴趣时，使用 <code>GROUPING SETS</code> 可以提升查询的执行效率。</p>
<p><strong>2. 语法和示例</strong></p>
<p><code>GROUPING SETS</code> 的语法如下：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> … </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING SETS</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">grouping_column_reference_list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>如果你需要：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>每年度每类产品的销售额小计</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>每年度在每个州的销售额小计</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>每年度每个州每个产品的销售额小计</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>那么你可以使用 <code>GROUPING SETS</code> 来指定这些维度并进行汇总。以下是一个示例：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'LA'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'AK'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING SETS</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>查询结果：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1402539.19</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2967116.95</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2213703.82</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">719911.29</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1493792.53</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2155952.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">682627.90</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1473324.42</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1272659.14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3048059.32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2024473.87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">590880.07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1433593.80</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2296244.59</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> AK </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">681779.07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> LA </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1614465.52</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------+-------------+----------+------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.11</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>上面的写法等价于使用 CUBE，但通过 <code>grouping_id</code> 指定了具体的聚合组合，从而减少了不必要的计算：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> customer_address ca </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'LA'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'AK'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> CUBE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HAVING</span><span class="token plain"> grouping_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">OR</span><span class="token plain"> grouping_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">OR</span><span class="token plain"> grouping_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ca_state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info admonition_Gfwi alert alert--info"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>备注</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>使用 <code>CUBE</code> 会计算所有可能的聚合层级（在这个例子中是八种），但实际上你可能只对其中的几种感兴趣。</div></div>
<p><strong>3. 语义等价</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>GROUPING SETS 与 GROUP BY UNION ALL</strong></p>
<p><code>GROUPING SETS</code> 语句：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> k2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> GROUPING SETS </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> k2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>其查询结果等价于使用 <code>UNION ALL</code> 连接的多个 <code>GROUP BY</code> 查询：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> k2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> k2 </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">UNION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> k1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> k1 </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">UNION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> k2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> k2 </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">UNION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALL</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">k3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>使用 <code>UNION ALL</code> 连接的查询较长，同时需要多次扫描基表，因此在书写和执行上的效率都较低。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>GROUPING SETS 与 ROLLUP</strong></p>
<p><code>ROLLUP</code> 是对 <code>GROUPING SETS</code> 的扩展。例如：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> tab1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> ROLLUP</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
<p>这个 <code>ROLLUP</code> 等价于下面的 <code>GROUPING SETS</code>：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">GROUPING SETS </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>GROUPING SETS 与 CUBE</strong></p>
<p><code>CUBE(a, b, c)</code> 等价于下面的 <code>GROUPING SETS</code>：</p>
<div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">GROUPING SETS </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">c</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label=复制代码到剪贴板 title=复制 class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=附录>附录<a href=#附录 class=hash-link aria-label=附录的直接链接 title=附录的直接链接>​</a></h2>
<p>建表语句和数据文件见<a href=/zh-CN/docs/dev/query-data/window-function/>分析函数 (窗口函数）</a>附录。</div></article><div class="flex items-center text-sm lg:text-base justify-end lg:col mt-10"><a href="https://github.com/apache/doris-website/issues/new?title=Issue on docs&body=Path:false" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="lg:mr-6 footerBtn_e3I8"><svg width=20 height=20 viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill=none><path d="M9.48038 2.9C9.71132 2.5 10.2887 2.5 10.5196 2.9L18.1406 16.1C18.3716 16.5 18.0829 17 17.621 17H2.37898C1.9171 17 1.62842 16.5 1.85936 16.1L9.48038 2.9Z" stroke=currentColor stroke-width=1.2 stroke-linecap=round /><path d="M10.5699 7.9516C10.5874 7.5628 10.2769 7.23804 9.88766 7.23804C9.49847 7.23804 9.18796 7.5628 9.20543 7.9516L9.41597 12.6385C9.42731 12.8908 9.63513 13.0895 9.88766 13.0895C10.1402 13.0895 10.348 12.8908 10.3593 12.6385L10.5699 7.9516ZM9.89338 13.7638C9.65338 13.7638 9.44766 13.8323 9.28766 13.9923C9.12766 14.1409 9.04766 14.3352 9.04766 14.5752C9.04766 14.8152 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title-text">本页导航</span><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href=#rollup class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ROLLUP</a><ul><li><a href=#使用场景 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">使用场景</a><li><a href=#语法和示例 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">语法和示例</a></ul><li><a href=#cube class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">CUBE</a><ul><li><a href=#使用场景-1 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">使用场景</a><li><a href=#语法和示例-1 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">语法和示例</a></ul><li><a href=#grouping-function class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">GROUPING FUNCTION</a><ul><li><a href=#grouping class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">GROUPING</a><li><a href=#grouping_id class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">GROUPING_ID</a><li><a href=#grouping-sets class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">GROUPING SETS</a></ul><li><a href=#附录 class="table-of-contents__link 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