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aria-label="跳到主要内容"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">跳到主要内容</a></div><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="mb-[4.875rem] container"><div class="lg:row lg:flex"><main class="col col--9 col--offset-1" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"><article class="blog-article-content" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"><header><div class="text-center mb-4"><a class="text-[#8592A6] cursor-pointer hover:no-underline" href="/zh-CN/blog">Blog</a><span class="px-2 text-[#8592A6]">/</span><span><span class="s-tags"><span class="s-tag">Best Practice</span></span></span></div><h1 class="blog-post-title text-[2rem] leading-normal lg:text-[2.5rem] text-center" itemprop="headline">Cross-cluster replication for read-write separation: story of a grocery store brand</h1><div class="blog-info text-center flex justify-center text-sm text-black"><span class="authors"><span class="s-author text-black">Apache Doris</span></span><time datetime="2024-04-25T00:00:00.000Z" itemprop="datePublished" class="text-black ml-4">2024年4月25日</time></div></header><div id="__blog-post-container" class="markdown" itemprop="articleBody"><p>This is about how a grocery store brand leverages the <a href="https://doris.apache.org/docs/2.0/admin-manual/data-admin/ccr" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Cluster Replication (CCR)</a> capability of Apache Doris to separate their data reading and writing workloads. In this case, where the freshness of groceries is guaranteed by the freshness of data, they use Apache Doris as their data warehouse to monitor and analyze their procurement, sale, and stock in real time for all their stores and supply chains. </p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="why-they-need-ccr">Why they need CCR<a href="#why-they-need-ccr" class="hash-link" aria-label="Why they need CCR的直接链接" title="Why they need CCR的直接链接"></a></h2><p>A major part of the user's data warehouse (including the ODS, DWD, DWS, and ADS layers) is built within Apache Doris, which employs a micro-batch scheduling mechanism to coordinate data across the data warehouse layers. However, this is pressured by the burgeoning business of the grocery store brand. The data size they have to receive, store, and analyze is getting larger and larger. That means their data warehouse has to handle bigger data writing batches and more frequent data queries. However, task scheduling during query execution might lead to resource preemption, so any resource shortage can easily compromise performance or even cause task failure or system disruption.</p><p> Naturally, the user thought of <strong>separating the reading and writing workloads.</strong> Specifically, they want to replicate data from the ADS layer (which is cleaned, transformed, aggregated, and ready to be queried) to a backup cluster dedicated to query services. <strong>This is implemented by the CCR in Apache Doris.</strong> It prevents abnormal queries from interrupting data writing and ensures cluster stability. </p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="before-ccr">Before CCR<a href="#before-ccr" class="hash-link" aria-label="Before CCR的直接链接" title="Before CCR的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Before CCR was available, they innovatively adopted the <a href="https://doris.apache.org/docs/2.0/lakehouse/lakehouse-overview#multi-catalog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Multi-Catalog</a> feature of Doris for the same purpose. Multi-Catalog allows users to connect Doris to various data sources conveniently. It is actually designed for federated querying, but the user drew inspiration from it. They wrote a script and tried to pull incremental data via Catalog. Their data synchronization pipeline is as follows:</p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="Before CCR" src="https://cdnd.selectdb.com/zh-CN/assets/images/before-ccr-079a13cf3fe218976cce0015a6c6c752.jpeg" width="1280" height="1003" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>They loaded data from the source cluster to the target cluster by regular scheduling tasks. To identify incremental data, they added a <code>last_update_time</code> field to the tables. There were two downsides to this. Firstly, the data freshness of the target cluster was reliant on and hindered by the scheduling tasks. Secondly, for incremental data ingestion, in order to identify incremental data, the import SQL statement for every table has to include the logic to check the <code>last_update_time</code> field, otherwise the system just deletes and re-imports the entire table. Such requirement increases development complexity and data error rate. </p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="ccr-in-apache-doris">CCR in Apache Doris<a href="#ccr-in-apache-doris" class="hash-link" aria-label="CCR in Apache Doris的直接链接" title="CCR in Apache Doris的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Just when they were looking for a better solution, Apache Doris released CCR in version 2.0. Compared to the alternatives they've tried, CCR in Apache Doris is:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Lightweight in design</strong>: The data synchronization tasks consume very few machine resources. They run smoothly without reducing the overall performance of Apache Doris.</p></li><li><p><strong>Easy to use</strong>: It can be configured by one simple <code>POST</code> request.</p></li><li><p><strong>Unlimited in migration</strong>: Users can raise the upper limit of the data migration capabilities in CCR by optimizing their cluster configuration. </p></li><li><p><strong>Consistent in data</strong>: The DDL statements executed in the source cluster can be automatically synchronized into the target cluster, ensuring data consistency.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flexible in synchronization</strong>: It is able to perform both full data synchronization and incremental data synchronization.</p></li></ul><p>To start CCR in Doris simply requires two steps. Step one is to enable binlogs in both the source cluster and the target cluster. Step two is to send the name of the database or table to be replicated. Then the system will start synchronizing full or incremental data. The detailed workflow is as follows: </p><p><img loading="lazy" alt="CCR in Apache Doris" src="https://cdnd.selectdb.com/zh-CN/assets/images/ccr-in-apache-doris-31b9554f59ba15f637a5c54778915973.jpeg" width="1280" height="335" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>In the grocery store brand's case, they need to synchronize a few tables from the source cluster to the target cluster, each table having an incremental data size of about 50 million rows. After a month's trial run, the Doris CCR mechanism is proven to be stable and performant:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Higher stability and data accuracy</strong>: No replication failure has ever occurred during the trial period. Every data row is transferred and landed in the target cluster accurately. </p></li><li><p><strong>Streamlined workflows:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Before CCR</strong>: The user had to write SQL for each table and write data via Catalog; For tables without a <code>last_update_time</code> field, incremental data synchronization can only be implemented by full-table deletion and re-import.</li></ul><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Insert</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">into</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">destination_table_1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">source_table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">time</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token plain"> xxx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Insert</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">into</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">destination_table_2 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">source_table2 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">time</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token plain"> xxx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">…</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Insert</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">into</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">destination_table_x </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> catalog1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">source_table_x</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li><strong>After CCR</strong>: It only requires one <code>POST</code> request to synchronize an entire database.</li></ul><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">curl </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">X POST </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">H </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"Content-Type: application/json"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">d </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "name": "ccr_test",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "src": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "host": "localhost",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "port": "9030",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "thrift_port": "9020",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "user": "root",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "password": "",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "database": "demo",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "table": ""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "dest": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "host": "localhost",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "port": "9030",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "thrift_port": "9020",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "user": "root",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "password": "",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "database": "ccrt",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> "table": ""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">}'</span><span class="token plain"> http:</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">//127.0.0.1:9190/create_ccr</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="复制代码到剪贴板" title="复制" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li><li><p><strong>Faster data loading</strong>: With CCR, it only takes <strong>3~4 seconds</strong> to ingest a day's incremental data, as compared to more than 30 seconds with the Catalog method. As for real-time synchronization, CCR can finish data ingestion in 1 second, without reliance on manual updates or regular scheduling.</p></li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="conclusion">Conclusion<a href="#conclusion" class="hash-link" aria-label="Conclusion的直接链接" title="Conclusion的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Using CCR in Apache Doris, the grocery store brand separates reading and writing workloads into different clusters and thus improves overall system stability. This solution delivers a real-time data synchronization latency of about 1 second. To further ensure normal functioning, it has a real-time monitoring and alerting mechanism so any issue will be notified and attended to instantly, and a contingency plan to guarantee uninterrupted query services. It also supports partition-based data synchronization (e.g. <code>ALTER TABLE tbl1 REPLACE PARTITION</code>). With demonstrated effectiveness of CCR, they are planning to replicate more of their data assets for efficient and secure data usage.</p><p>CCR is also applicable when you need to build multiple data centers or derive a test dataset from your production environment. For further guidance on CCR, join the <a href="https://join.slack.com/t/apachedoriscommunity/shared_invite/zt-2kl08hzc0-SPJe4VWmL_qzrFd2u2XYQA" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apache Doris community</a>.</p></div></article><div class="pl-4 mt-20 text-[#1D1D1D]"><div class="text-[2rem] leading-[3.25rem]">Recent posts</div><div class="mt-4 flex flex-col"><a href="https://doris.apache.org/blog/evolution-of-the-apache-doris-execution-engine" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-lg leading-10 hover:no-underline hover:text-[#444FD9]">Steps to industry-leading query speed: evolution of the Apache Doris execution engine</a><a href="https://doris.apache.org/blog/job-scheduler-for-task-automation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-lg leading-10 hover:no-underline hover:text-[#444FD9]">Another lifesaver for data engineers: Apache Doris Job Scheduler for task automation</a><a href="https://doris.apache.org/blog/release-note-2.0.11" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-lg leading-10 hover:no-underline hover:text-[#444FD9]">Apache Doris version 2.0.11 has been released</a><a href="https://doris.apache.org/blog/apache-doris-for-log-and-time-series-data-analysis-in-netease" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-lg leading-10 hover:no-underline hover:text-[#444FD9]">Apache Doris for log and time series data analysis in NetEase, why not Elasticsearch and InfluxDB?</a></div><a class="flex group text-primary items-center text-base cursor-pointer hover:no-underline mt-4" href="/zh-CN/blog"><span class="mr-2">View all blogs</span><span class="transition-slide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="transition-slide" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 14" fill="none"><path d="M9.37549 12.3542L14.8755 6.85419L9.37549 1.35419" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.65" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M1.12549 6.85419L14.8755 6.85419" stroke="currentColor" 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