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href=/docs/dev/releasenotes/v1.2/release-1.2.8/>v1.2</a></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false tabindex=0 href=/docs/dev/releasenotes/v1.1/release-1.1.5/>v1.1</a></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_z5aJ"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>This documentation is for an <b>unreleased</b> version of Apache Doris.</div><div class=margin-top--md>For usage, please refer to the official documentation of <b><a href=/docs/4.x/query-data/window-function/>Version 2.1</a></b> or <b><a href=/docs/3.x/gettingStarted/what-is-apache-doris/>Version 3.x</a></b>.</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_c0TR><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guides</span><meta itemprop=position content=1><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Data Queries</span><meta itemprop=position content=2><li itemscope itemprop=itemListElement itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link itemprop=name>Window Function</span><meta itemprop=position content=3></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_bxCs"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Window Function</h1></header><p>Analytic functions, also known as window functions, are functions in SQL queries that perform complex calculations on rows in a data set. The characteristic of window functions is that they do not reduce the number of rows in the query result, but instead add a new computed result for each row. Window functions are applicable to various analysis scenarios, such as calculating running totals, rankings, and moving averages. |
| The specific syntax can be <a href=/docs/dev/sql-manual/sql-functions/window-functions/overview/>refer</a></p> |
| <p>Below is an example of using a window function to calculate the three-day moving average of sales for each store before and after a given date:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> daily_sales </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> sales_date </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DATE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> sales_amount </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DECIMAL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INSERT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INTO</span><span class="token plain"> daily_sales </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">store_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> sales_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> sales_amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">VALUES</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">100.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-02'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">150.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-03'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">200.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-04'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">250.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-05'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">300.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-06'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">350.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-07'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">400.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-08'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">450.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-09'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">500.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">110.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-02'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">160.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-03'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">210.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-04'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">260.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-05'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">310.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-06'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">360.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-07'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">410.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-08'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">460.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'2023-01-09'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">510.00</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> sales_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> sales_amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">AVG</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">sales_amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> store_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> sales_date </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ROWS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">BETWEEN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PRECEDING</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FOLLOWING</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> moving_avg_sales</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> daily_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The query result is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> store_id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> sales_date </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> sales_amount </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> moving_avg_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">100.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">175.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">02</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">150.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">200.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">03</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">200.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">225.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">04</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">250.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">250.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">05</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">300.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">300.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">06</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">350.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">350.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">400.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">375.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">08</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">450.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">400.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">09</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">500.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">425.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">110.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">185.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">02</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">160.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">210.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">03</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">210.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">235.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">04</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">260.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">260.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">05</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">310.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">310.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">06</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">360.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">360.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">07</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">410.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">385.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">08</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">460.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">410.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2023</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">09</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">510.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">435.0000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.09</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=introduction-to-basic-concepts>Introduction to Basic Concepts<a href=#introduction-to-basic-concepts class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Introduction to Basic Concepts" title="Direct link to Introduction to Basic Concepts"></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=processing-order>Processing Order<a href=#processing-order class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Processing Order" title="Direct link to Processing Order"></a></h3> |
| <p>The processing of queries using analytic functions can be divided into three stages.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Execute all JOIN, WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Provide the result set to the analytic functions and perform all necessary calculations.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If the query ends with an ORDER BY clause, process this clause to achieve precise output sorting.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>The processing order of the query is illustrated as follows:</p> |
| <p><img decoding=async loading=lazy alt="processing order" src=/assets/images/window-function-order-56d1969ee6d25b67878966313d4482c5.png width=2560 height=1280 class=img_ev3q></p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=result-set-partitioning>Result Set Partitioning<a href=#result-set-partitioning class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Result Set Partitioning" title="Direct link to Result Set Partitioning"></a></h3> |
| <p>Partitions are created after defining groups using the PARTITION BY clause. Analytic functions allow users to divide the query result set into groups of rows called partitions.</p> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_Gfwi alert alert--warning"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>Note</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>The term "partition" used in analytic functions is unrelated to the table partitioning feature. In this chapter, the term "partition" refers only to its meaning related to analytic functions.</div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=window>Window<a href=#window class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Window" title="Direct link to Window"></a></h3> |
| <p>For each row in a partition, you can define a sliding data window. This window determines the range of rows involved in performing calculations for the current row. A window has a starting row and an ending row, and depending on its definition, the window can slide at one or both ends. For example ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW, for a cumulative sum function, the starting row is fixed at the first row of its partition, while the ending row slides from the start to the last row of the partition. Conversely ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 3 FOLLOWING, for a moving average, both the start and end points slide.</p> |
| <p>The size of the window can be set to be as large as all rows in the partition or as small as a sliding window that only includes one row within the partition. It should be noted that when the window is near the boundaries of the partition, due to boundary restrictions, the range of calculations may be reduced, and the function only returns the computed results of the available rows.</p> |
| <p>When using window functions, the current row is included in the calculation. Therefore, when processing n items, it should be specified as (n-1). For example, if you need to calculate a five-day average, the window should be specified as "ROWS BETWEEN 4 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW," which can also be abbreviated as "ROWS 4 PRECEDING."</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=current-row>Current Row<a href=#current-row class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Current Row" title="Direct link to Current Row"></a></h3> |
| <p>Each calculation performed using analytic functions is based on the current row within the partition. The current row serves as the reference point for determining the start and end of the window, as illustrated below.</p> |
| <p>For example ROWS BETWEEN 6 PRECEDING AND 6 FOLLOWING, a window can be used to define a centered moving average calculation that includes the current row, the 6 rows before the current row, and the 6 rows after the current row. This creates a sliding window containing 13 rows.</p> |
| <p><img decoding=async loading=lazy alt="Current Row" src=/assets/images/window-function-rows-0505d7225ee230aeac864b0754b88270.jpg width=1280 height=640 class=img_ev3q></p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=sorting-function>Sorting Function<a href=#sorting-function class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Sorting Function" title="Direct link to Sorting Function"></a></h2> |
| <p>In a sorting function, query results are deterministic only when the specified sorting column is unique; if the sorting column contains duplicate values, the query results may vary each time. The more functions can be <a href=/docs/dev/sql-manual/sql-functions/window-functions/overview/>refer</a></p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=ntile-function>NTILE Function<a href=#ntile-function class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to NTILE Function" title="Direct link to NTILE Function"></a></h3> |
| <p>NTILE is a window function in SQL used to divide a query result set into a specified number of buckets (groups) and assign a bucket number to each row. This is particularly useful in data analysis and reporting, especially when data needs to be grouped and sorted.</p> |
| <p><strong>1. Function Syntax</strong></p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">NTILE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">num_buckets</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> partition_expression</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> order_expression</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>num_buckets</code>: The number of buckets into which to divide the rows.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>PARTITION BY partition_expression</code> (optional): Defines how to partition the data.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>ORDER BY order_expression</code>: Defines how to sort the data.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><strong>2. Using the NTILE Function</strong></p> |
| <p>Suppose there is a table <code>class_student_scores</code> containing students' exam scores, and you want to divide the students into 4 groups based on their scores, with the number of students in each group being as uniform as possible.</p> |
| <p>First, create the <code>class_student_scores</code> table and insert data:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> class_student_scores </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> class_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_name </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> score </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">distributed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">hash</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">student_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> properties</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'replication_num'</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INSERT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INTO</span><span class="token plain"> class_student_scores </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">VALUES</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Alice'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Bob'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Charlie'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">87</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'David'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">78</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Eve'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Frank'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Grace'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Hannah'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">84</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>Then, use the NTILE function to divide the students into 4 groups based on their scores:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_name</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> score</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> NTILE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> score </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DESC</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> bucket </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> class_student_scores</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The results are as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> student_id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> student_name </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> score </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> bucket </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Eve </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Bob </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Grace </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Charlie </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Alice </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">85</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Hannah </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">84</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Frank </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> David </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">78</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.12</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>In this example, the <code>NTILE(4)</code> function divides the students into 4 groups (buckets) based on their scores, with the number of students in each group being as uniform as possible.</p> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_Gfwi alert alert--warning"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>Notes</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>If rows cannot be evenly distributed into buckets, some buckets may have one extra row.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The <code>NTILE</code> function works within each partition. If the <code>PARTITION BY</code> clause is used, data within each partition will be separately assigned to buckets.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul></div></div> |
| <p><strong>3. Using NTILE with PARTITION BY</strong></p> |
| <p>Suppose you want to group students by class, and then divide them into 3 groups within each class based on their scores. You can use the <code>PARTITION BY</code> and <code>NTILE</code> functions:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> class_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> student_name</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> score</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> NTILE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> class_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> score </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DESC</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> bucket </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> class_student_scores</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The results are as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> class_id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> student_id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> student_name </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> score </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> bucket </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Bob </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Charlie </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Alice </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">85</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Eve </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Grace </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Hannah </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">84</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Frank </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> David </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">78</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+------------+--------------+-------+--------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.05</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>In this example, students are partitioned by class, and then within each class, they are divided into 3 groups based on their scores. The number of students in each group is as uniform as possible.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=analytic-functions>Analytic Functions<a href=#analytic-functions class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Analytic Functions" title="Direct link to Analytic Functions"></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=using-the-analytic-function-sum-to-calculate-cumulative-values>Using the Analytic Function SUM to Calculate Cumulative Values<a href=#using-the-analytic-function-sum-to-calculate-cumulative-values class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Using the Analytic Function SUM to Calculate Cumulative Values" title="Direct link to Using the Analytic Function SUM to Calculate Cumulative Values"></a></h3> |
| <p>Here is an example:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">over</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">partition</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ROWS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">UNBOUNDED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PRECEDING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> cum_sales</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The query result is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> cum_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5348482.88</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5348482.88</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4353162.03</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9701644.91</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4466958.01</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">14168602.92</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4495802.19</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">18664405.11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4589913.47</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">23254318.58</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4384384.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">27638702.58</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4488018.76</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">32126721.34</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9909227.94</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">42035949.28</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10366110.30</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">52402059.58</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10445320.76</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">62847380.34</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">15246901.52</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">78094281.86</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">15526630.11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">93620911.97</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5534568.17</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5534568.17</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4472655.10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10007223.27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4316942.60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">14324165.87</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4211523.06</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">18535688.93</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4723661.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">23259349.93</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4127773.06</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">27387122.99</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4286523.05</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">31673646.04</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10004890.96</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">41678537.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10143665.77</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">51822202.77</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10312020.35</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">62134223.12</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">14696000.54</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">76830223.66</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">15344441.52</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92174665.18</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.13</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>In this example, the analytic function SUM defines a window for each row, starting from the beginning of the partition (UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) and ending at the current row by default. In this case, nested use of SUM is required because we need to perform SUM on the result that is itself a SUM. Nested aggregation is frequently used in analytic aggregation functions.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=using-the-analytic-function-avg-to-calculate-moving-averages>Using the Analytic Function AVG to Calculate Moving Averages<a href=#using-the-analytic-function-avg-to-calculate-moving-averages class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Using the Analytic Function AVG to Calculate Moving Averages" title="Direct link to Using the Analytic Function AVG to Calculate Moving Averages"></a></h3> |
| <p>Here is an example:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">avg</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">over</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ROWS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PRECEDING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> avg</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The query result is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> avg </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5348482.88</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5348482.8800</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4353162.03</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4850822.4550</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4466958.01</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4722867.6400</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4495802.19</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4438640.7433</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4589913.47</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4517557.8900</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4384384.00</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4490033.2200</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4488018.76</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4487438.7433</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9909227.94</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6260543.5666</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10366110.30</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8254452.3333</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10445320.76</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10240219.6666</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">15246901.52</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12019444.1933</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">15526630.11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">13739617.4633</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.13</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_Gfwi alert alert--warning"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>Note</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>In the output data, the AVG column for the first two rows does not calculate a three-day moving average because there are not enough preceding rows for the boundary data (the number of rows specified in SQL is 3).</div></div> |
| <p>Additionally, it is possible to calculate window aggregate functions centered on the current row. For instance, this example calculates the centered moving average of monthly sales for products in the "Books" category in the year 2000, specifically averaging the total sales of the month before the current row, the current row, and the month after the current row.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">month</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">AVG</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ROWS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">BETWEEN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PRECEDING</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FOLLOWING</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> avg_sales </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">'Books'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">MONTH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_Gfwi alert alert--warning"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>Note</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>The centered moving averages for the starting and ending rows in the output data are calculated based on only two days because there are not enough rows before and after the boundary data.</div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=reporting-function>Reporting Function<a href=#reporting-function class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Reporting Function" title="Direct link to Reporting Function"></a></h2> |
| <p>A reporting function refers to a scenario where the window range for each row covers the entire Partition. The primary advantage of reporting functions is their ability to pass data multiple times within a single query block, thereby enhancing query performance. For example, queries such as "For each year, find the product category with the highest sales" do not require JOIN operations when using reporting functions. An example is provided below:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">MAX</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> max_sales </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> max_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The inner query result for reporting <code>MAX(SUM(ss_net_paid))</code> is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">MAX</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> max_sales </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">IN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> max_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The complete query result is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sum </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1998</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">91723676.27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90310850.54</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+ </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.12</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>You can combine reporting aggregation with nested queries to solve some complex problems, such as finding the best-selling products within important product subcategories. For example, to "Find subcategories where product sales account for more than 20% of total sales in their product category, and select the top five products from these subcategories," the query statement is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> categ</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_class </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> sub_categ</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_id </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SELECT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_item_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_class</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> cat_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> i_class</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> sub_cat_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> RANK</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">OVER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> i_class </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">SUM</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> rank_in_line </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> i_class</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_id </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> t </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">WHERE</span><span class="token plain"> sub_cat_sales </span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0.2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token plain"> cat_sales </span><span class="token operator">AND</span><span class="token plain"> rank_in_line </span><span class="token operator"><=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=lag--lead>LAG / LEAD<a href=#lag--lead class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to LAG / LEAD" title="Direct link to LAG / LEAD"></a></h2> |
| <p>The LAG and LEAD functions are suitable for comparisons between values. Both functions can access multiple rows in a table simultaneously without requiring self-joins, thereby enhancing the speed of query processing. Specifically, the LAG function provides access to a row at a given offset before the current row, while the LEAD function provides access to a row at a given offset after the current row.</p> |
| <p>Below is an example of an SQL query using the LAG function. This query aims to select the total sales for each product category in specific years (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002), the total sales of the previous year, and the difference between them:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> before_year_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain"> before_year_sales </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> lag</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_net_paid</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">over</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">PARTITION</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ORDER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">AS</span><span class="token plain"> before_year_sales</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> store_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> date_dim d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> item</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">GROUP</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> i_category</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The query results are as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">year</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> category </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> total_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> before_year_sales </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">total_sales </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain"> before_year_sales</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">88993351.11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">91307909.84</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">2314558.73</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">93620911.97</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">88993351.11</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">4627560.86</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90640097.99</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">93620911.97</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">2980813.98</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Books </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">89585515.90</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90640097.99</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1054582.09</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1999</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90310850.54</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">91723676.27</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1412825.73</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92174665.18</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">90310850.54</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1863814.64</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92598527.85</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92174665.18</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">423862.67</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Electronics </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">94303831.84</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">92598527.85</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1705303.99</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.16</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=examples>Examples<a href=#examples class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Examples" title="Direct link to Examples"></a></h2> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Assume we have the following stock data, with stock symbol JDR and daily closing prices:</li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">create</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">table</span><span class="token plain"> stock_ticker </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">stock_symbol string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> closing_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> closing_date </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INSERT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INTO</span><span class="token plain"> stock_ticker </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">VALUES</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12.86</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-02 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12.89</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-03 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12.94</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-04 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">12.55</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-05 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">14.03</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-06 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">14.75</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-07 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JDR"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">13.98</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2014-10-08 00:00:00"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> stock_ticker </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> stock_symbol</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> closing_date</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | stock_symbol | closing_price | closing_date |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> |--------------|---------------|---------------------|</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 12.86 | 2014-10-02 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 12.89 | 2014-10-03 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 12.94 | 2014-10-04 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 12.55 | 2014-10-05 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 14.03 | 2014-10-06 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 14.75 | 2014-10-07 00:00:00 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> | JDR | 13.98 | 2014-10-08 00:00:00 |</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <ol start=2> |
| <li>This query uses an analytic function to generate a moving_average column, which calculates the 3-day average stock price (previous day, current day, and next day). The first day has no previous day value, and the last day has no next day value, so these rows only calculate a two-day average. The Partition By clause has no effect here since all data is for JDR, but if there were other stock information, Partition By would ensure the analytic function only operates within its own partition.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> stock_symbol</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> closing_date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> closing_price</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">avg</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">closing_price</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">over</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">partition</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> stock_symbol </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> closing_date </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">between</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">preceding</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">following</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> moving_average </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> stock_ticker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| stock_symbol | closing_date | closing_price | moving_average |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">|--------------|---------------------|---------------|----------------|</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-02 00:00:00 | 12.86 | 12.87 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-03 00:00:00 | 12.89 | 12.89 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-04 00:00:00 | 12.94 | 12.79 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-05 00:00:00 | 12.55 | 13.17 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-06 00:00:00 | 14.03 | 13.77 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-07 00:00:00 | 14.75 | 14.25 |</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">| JDR | 2014-10-08 00:00:00 | 13.98 | 14.36 |</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=reference>Reference<a href=#reference class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Reference" title="Direct link to Reference"></a></h2> |
| <p>The table creation statement used in the example is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DATABASE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">IF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">EXISTS</span><span class="token plain"> doc_tpcds</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">USE</span><span class="token plain"> doc_tpcds</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">IF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">EXISTS</span><span class="token plain"> item </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_item_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_item_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_rec_start_date </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_rec_end_date </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_item_desc </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_current_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_wholesale_cost </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_brand_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_brand </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_class_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_class </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_category </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_manufact_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_manufact </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_size </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_formulation </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_color </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_units </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_container </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_manager_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> i_product_name </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DUPLICATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_item_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DISTRIBUTED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">i_item_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> BUCKETS </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">IF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">EXISTS</span><span class="token plain"> store_sales </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_item_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ticket_number </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_date_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_sold_time_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_customer_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_cdemo_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_hdemo_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_addr_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_store_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_promo_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_quantity </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_wholesale_cost </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_list_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_sales_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ext_discount_amt </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ext_sales_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ext_wholesale_cost </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ext_list_price </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_ext_tax </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_coupon_amt </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_net_paid </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_net_paid_inc_tax </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ss_net_profit </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DUPLICATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_item_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ss_ticket_number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DISTRIBUTED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ss_item_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> ss_ticket_number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> BUCKETS </span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">IF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">EXISTS</span><span class="token plain"> date_dim </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_date_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_date_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_date </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_month_seq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_week_seq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_quarter_seq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_year </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_dow </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_moy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_dom </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_qoy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_fy_year </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_fy_quarter_seq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_fy_week_seq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_day_name </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_quarter_name </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_holiday </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_weekend </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_following_holiday </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_first_dom </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_last_dom </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_same_day_ly </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_same_day_lq </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_current_day </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_current_week </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_current_month </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_current_quarter </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d_current_year </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DUPLICATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DISTRIBUTED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">d_date_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> BUCKETS </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">IF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">EXISTS</span><span class="token plain"> customer_address </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_address_sk </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_address_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_street_number </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_street_name </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_street_type </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_suite_number </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_city </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_county </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_state </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_zip </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_country </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_gmt_offset </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> ca_location_type </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">char</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DUPLICATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ca_address_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DISTRIBUTED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">ca_address_sk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> BUCKETS </span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>Execute the following command on the terminal to download the data to the local computer and load the data into the table using the Stream Load method:</p> |
| <div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">curl -L https://cdn.selectdb.com/static/doc_ddl_dir_d27a752a7b.tar -o - | tar -Jxf -</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">curl --location-trusted \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-u "root:" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "column_separator:|" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "columns: i_item_sk, i_item_id, i_rec_start_date, i_rec_end_date, i_item_desc, i_current_price, i_wholesale_cost, i_brand_id, i_brand, i_class_id, i_class, i_category_id, i_category, i_manufact_id, i_manufact, i_size, i_formulation, i_color, i_units, i_container, i_manager_id, i_product_name" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-T "doc_ddl_dir/item_1_10.dat" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">http://127.0.0.1:8030/api/doc_tpcds/item/_stream_load</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">curl --location-trusted \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-u "root:" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "column_separator:|" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "columns: d_date_sk, d_date_id, d_date, d_month_seq, d_week_seq, d_quarter_seq, d_year, d_dow, d_moy, d_dom, d_qoy, d_fy_year, d_fy_quarter_seq, d_fy_week_seq, d_day_name, d_quarter_name, d_holiday, d_weekend, d_following_holiday, d_first_dom, d_last_dom, d_same_day_ly, d_same_day_lq, d_current_day, d_current_week, d_current_month, d_current_quarter, d_current_year" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-T "doc_ddl_dir/date_dim_1_10.dat" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">http://127.0.0.1:8030/api/doc_tpcds/date_dim/_stream_load</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">curl --location-trusted \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-u "root:" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "column_separator:|" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "columns: ss_sold_date_sk, ss_sold_time_sk, ss_item_sk, ss_customer_sk, ss_cdemo_sk, ss_hdemo_sk, ss_addr_sk, ss_store_sk, ss_promo_sk, ss_ticket_number, ss_quantity, ss_wholesale_cost, ss_list_price, ss_sales_price, ss_ext_discount_amt, ss_ext_sales_price, ss_ext_wholesale_cost, ss_ext_list_price, ss_ext_tax, ss_coupon_amt, ss_net_paid, ss_net_paid_inc_tax, ss_net_profit" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-T "doc_ddl_dir/store_sales.csv" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">http://127.0.0.1:8030/api/doc_tpcds/store_sales/_stream_load</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">curl --location-trusted \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-u "root:" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "column_separator:|" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-H "ca_address_sk, ca_address_id, ca_street_number, ca_street_name, ca_street_type, ca_suite_number, ca_city, ca_county, ca_state, ca_zip, ca_country, ca_gmt_offset, ca_location_type" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">-T "doc_ddl_dir/customer_address_1_10.dat" \</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">http://127.0.0.1:8030/api/doc_tpcds/customer_address/_stream_load</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>The data files <code>item_1_10.dat</code>, <code>date-dim_1_10.dat</code>, <code>store_stales.csv</code>, and <code>customer-address_1_10.dat</code> can be downloaded by clicking on the <a href=https://cdn.selectdb.com/static/doc_ddl_dir_d27a752a7b.tar target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">link</a>.</div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class=col></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"><span class=theme-last-updated>Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime=2026-01-29T12:12:02.000Z itemprop=dateModified>Jan 29, 2026</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><div class="flex items-center text-sm lg:text-base justify-end lg:col mt-10"><a href="https://github.com/apache/doris-website/issues/new?title=Issue on docs&body=Path:false" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="lg:mr-6 footerBtn_e3I8"><svg width=20 height=20 viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill=none><path d="M9.48038 2.9C9.71132 2.5 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