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class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guides</span><meta itemprop=position content=1><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Data Queries</span><meta itemprop=position content=2><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>User Defined Functions</span><meta itemprop=position content=3><li itemscope itemprop=itemListElement itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link itemprop=name>Java UDF, UDAF, UDWF, UDTF</span><meta itemprop=position content=4></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_bxCs"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Java UDF, UDAF, UDWF, UDTF</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=overview>Overview<a href=#overview class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Overview" title="Direct link to Overview"></a></h2> |
| <p>Java UDF provides a Java interface for users to implement user-defined functions (UDFs) conveniently using the Java programming language. |
| Doris supports the use of Java to develop UDFs, UDAFs, and UDTFs. Unless otherwise specified, "UDF" in the following text refers to all types of user-defined functions.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Java UDF: A Java UDF is a commonly used scalar function, where each input row produces a corresponding output row. Common examples include ABS and LENGTH. Notably, Hive UDFs can be directly migrated to Doris, which is convenient for users.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Java UDAF: A Java UDAF is a user-defined aggregate function that aggregates multiple input rows into a single output row. Common examples include MIN, MAX, and COUNT.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Java UDWF: stands for User-Defined Window Function, which returns a computed value for each row based on a window (one or multiple rows). Common examples include ROW_NUMBER, RANK, and DENSE_RANK.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Java UDTF: A Java UDTF is a user-defined table function, where a single input row can generate one or multiple output rows. In Doris, UDTFs must be used with Lateral View to achieve row-to-column transformations. Common examples include EXPLODE and EXPLODE_SPLIT. <strong>Java UDTF is available from version 3.0.0 and onwards.</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=type-correspondence>Type Correspondence<a href=#type-correspondence class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Type Correspondence" title="Direct link to Type Correspondence"></a></h2> |
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| <table><thead><tr><th>Type<th>UDF Argument Type<tbody><tr><td>Bool<td>Boolean<tr><td>TinyInt<td>Byte<tr><td>SmallInt<td>Short<tr><td>Int<td>Integer<tr><td>BigInt<td>Long<tr><td>LargeInt<td>BigInteger<tr><td>Float<td>Float<tr><td>Double<td>Double<tr><td>Date<td>LocalDate<tr><td>Datetime<td>LocalDateTime<tr><td>IPV4/IPV6<td>InetAddress<tr><td>String<td>String<tr><td>Decimal<td>BigDecimal<tr><td><code>array<Type></code><td><code>ArrayList<Type></code> or <code>List<Type></code><tr><td><code>map<Type1,Type2></code><td><code>HashMap<Type1,Type2></code>or<code>Map<Type1,Type2></code><tr><td><code>struct<Type...></code><td><code>ArrayList<Object></code> (from version 3.0.0) or<code>List<Object></code><tr><td>VarBinary<td>byte[], Byte[] (The VARBINARY type is supported starting from version 4.0; prefer using byte[] to avoid an extra conversion layer.)</table> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_Gfwi alert alert--success"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>tip</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p><code>array/map/struct</code> types can be nested with other types. For instance, Doris: <code>array<array<int>></code> corresponds to JAVA UDF Argument Type: <code>ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>></code>. Other types follow the same pattern. |
| And <code>List</code>,<code>Map</code> class is supported from version 3.1.0</div></div> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_Gfwi alert alert--warning"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>Warning</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>When creating functions, avoid using <code>varchar</code> in place of <code>string</code>, as this may cause the function to fail.</div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=usage-notes>Usage Notes<a href=#usage-notes class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Usage Notes" title="Direct link to Usage Notes"></a></h2> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Complex data types (HLL, Bitmap) are not supported.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Users are currently allowed to specify the maximum JVM heap size. The configuration item is the <code>-Xmx</code> part of <code>JAVA_OPTS</code> in <code>be.conf</code>. The default is 1024m. If you need to aggregate data, it is recommended to increase this value to enhance performance and reduce the risk of memory overflow.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Due to issues with JVM loading classes with the same name, do not use multiple classes with the same name as UDF implementations simultaneously. If you want to update a UDF with a class of the same name, you need to restart BE to reload the classpath.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Same-named Functions</p> |
| <p>Users can create UDF with exactly the same signature as built-in functions. By default, the system will prioritize matching built-in functions. However, if you specify the <code>database</code> when using the function (i.e., <code>db.function()</code>), it will be forcibly considered as a user-defined function.</p> |
| <p>In version 3.0.7, a new session variable <code>prefer_udf_over_builtin</code> was added. When set to <code>true</code>, it will prioritize matching user-defined functions, making it easier for users to migrate from other systems to Doris while maintaining the original system's function behavior through custom functions without changing function names.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=getting-started>Getting Started<a href=#getting-started class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Getting Started" title="Direct link to Getting Started"></a></h2> |
| <p>This section mainly introduces how to develop a Java UDF. Examples are provided in <code>samples/doris-demo/java-udf-demo/</code> for reference. Click <a href=https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/samples/doris-demo/java-udf-demo target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> to view details.</p> |
| <p>The usage of UDFs is identical to standard functions, with the primary distinction being that built-in functions have a global scope, while UDFs are scoped within the DB.</p> |
| <p>When the session is linked within the database, directly using the UDF name will search for the corresponding UDF within the current DB. Otherwise, users must explicitly specify the UDF's database name, for example, <code>dbName.funcName</code>.</p> |
| <p>In the following sections, examples will use the table <code>test_table</code>. The corresponding table creation script is as follows:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">test_table</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> d1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> str string </span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain">OLAP</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DUPLICATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">id</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DISTRIBUTED</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BY</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">id</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> BUCKETS </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"replication_num"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">insert</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">into</span><span class="token plain"> test_table </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">values</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">111.11</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"a,b,c"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">insert</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">into</span><span class="token plain"> test_table </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">values</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">666.66</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"d,e"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=introduction-to-java-udf-example>Introduction to Java-UDF Example<a href=#introduction-to-java-udf-example class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDF Example" title="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDF Example"></a></h3> |
| <p>When writing a UDF in Java, the main entry point must be the <code>evaluate</code> function. This is consistent with other engines like Hive. In this example, we write an <code>AddOne</code> UDF to perform an increment operation on integer inputs.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Write the corresponding Java code and package it into a JAR file.</p> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">AddOne</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">extends</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">UDF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> value</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Register and create the Java-UDF function in Doris. For more details on the syntax, refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/CREATE-FUNCTION/>CREATE FUNCTION</a>.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> java_udf_add_one</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///path/to/java-udf-demo-jar-with-dependencies.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.AddOne"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>To utilize UDFs, users must possess the <code>SELECT</code> privilege for the corresponding database. And to verify the successful registration of the UDF, you can use the <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/SHOW-FUNCTIONS/>SHOW FUNCTIONS</a> command.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">java_udf_add_one</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> test_table</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+----------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> java_udf_add_one</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+----------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+----------------------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If a UDF is no longer needed, it can be dropped using the following command, as detailed in <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/DROP-FUNCTION/>DROP FUNCTION</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>Additionally, if your UDF requires loading large resource files or defining global static variables, you can refer to the method for loading static variables described later in this document.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=introduction-to-java-udaf-example>Introduction to Java-UDAF Example<a href=#introduction-to-java-udaf-example class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDAF Example" title="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDAF Example"></a></h3> |
| <p>When writing a <code>UDAF</code> using Java, there are some functions that must be implemented (marked as required) along with an internal class State. The following example will illustrate how to implement them.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Write the corresponding Java UDAF code and package it into a JAR file.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed=true><summary> Example 1: SimpleDemo will implement a simple function similar to sum, where the input parameter is INT and the output parameter is INT.</summary><div><div class=collapsibleContent_i85q> |
| <!-- --> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">package</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace">org</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">apache</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">doris</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">udf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">DataInputStream</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">DataOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">IOException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">util</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">logging</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">Logger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">SimpleDemo</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Logger</span><span class="token plain"> log </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Logger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getLogger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"SimpleDemo"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">//Need an inner class to store data</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">static</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*some variables if you need */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> sum </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">create</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* here could do some init work if needed */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">destroy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* here could do some destroy work if needed */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*Not Required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">reset</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*if you want this udaf function can work with window function.*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*Must impl this, it will be reset to init state after calculate every window frame*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">//first argument is State, then other types your input</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">add</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* here doing update work when input data*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">val </span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum </span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DataOutputStream</span><span class="token plain"> out</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* serialize some data into buffer */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> out</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">writeInt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DataInputStream</span><span class="token plain"> in</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* deserialize get data from buffer before you put */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> val </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> in</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">readInt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">merge</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> rhs</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* merge data from state */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum </span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token plain"> rhs</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/*required*/</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">//return Type you defined</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getValue</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* return finally result */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </div></div></details> |
| <details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed=true><summary> Example 2: MedianUDAF is a function that calculates the median. The input types are (DOUBLE, INT), and the output type is DOUBLE. </summary><div><div class=collapsibleContent_i85q> |
| <!-- --> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">package</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace">org</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">apache</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">doris</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">udf</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token namespace">demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">DataInputStream</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">DataOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">io</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">IOException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">math</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">BigDecimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">util</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">Arrays</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token import namespace">java</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">util</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import namespace">logging</span><span class="token import namespace punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token import class-name">Logger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">/* UDAF to calculate the median */</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">MedianUDAF</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Logger</span><span class="token plain"> log </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Logger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getLogger</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"MedianUDAF"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// State storage </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">static</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Precision of the return result </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> scale </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Whether it is the first time to execute the add method for a certain aggregation condition under a certain tablet </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">boolean</span><span class="token plain"> isFirst </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Data storage </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token plain"> stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Initialize the state </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">create</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Pre-initialize based on the amount of data that needs to be aggregated under each aggregation condition of each tablet to increase performance </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Process each data under respective aggregation conditions for each tablet </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">add</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Double</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> scale</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">val </span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">&&</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">isFirst</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">scale</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">","</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">","</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">isFirst </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">val </span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">","</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Data needs to be output for aggregation after processing </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DataOutputStream</span><span class="token plain"> out</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">IOException</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Currently, only DataOutputStream is provided. If serialization of objects is required, methods such as concatenating strings, converting to JSON, or serializing into byte arrays can be considered </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// If the State object needs to be serialized, it may be necessary to implement a serialization interface for the State inner class </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Ultimately, everything needs to be transmitted via DataOutputStream </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> out</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">writeUTF</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">toString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Obtain the output data from the data processing execution unit </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DataInputStream</span><span class="token plain"> in</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">throws</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">IOException</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> string </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> in</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">readUTF</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">scale </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">parseInt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">valueOf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">charAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token plain"> stringBuilder </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">substring</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// The aggregation execution unit merges the processing results of data under certain aggregation conditions for a given key. The state1 parameter is the initialized instance during the first merge of each key </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">merge</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">scale </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> state2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">scale</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> state1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">append</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">state2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">toString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Output the final result after merging the data for each key </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Double</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">getValue</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> strings </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">stringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">toString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">split</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">","</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> doubles </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">strings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">for</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> i </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> i </span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token plain"> strings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">length </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> i</span><span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Double</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">parseDouble</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">strings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">i </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Arrays</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token plain"> n </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">n </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token plain"> index </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">n </span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> low </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">floor</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> high </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">ceil</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">double</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> low </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> high </span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">low</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token plain"> doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">high</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> doubles</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">high</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">BigDecimal</span><span class="token plain"> decimal </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">BigDecimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">value</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> decimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">setScale</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">scale</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">BigDecimal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249)">ROUND_HALF_UP</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">doubleValue</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// Executed after each execution unit completes </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">destroy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </div></div></details> |
| <ol start=2> |
| <li> |
| <p>Register and create the Java-UDAF function in Doris. For more syntax details, please refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/CREATE-FUNCTION/>CREATE FUNCTION</a>.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> AGGREGATE </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token plain"> PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///pathTo/java-udaf.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.SimpleDemo"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>When using Java-UDAF, you can perform aggregation either by grouping or by aggregating all results:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> test_table </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">group</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> test_table</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">-----------------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=introduction-to-java-udwf-example>Introduction to Java-UDWF Example<a href=#introduction-to-java-udwf-example class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDWF Example" title="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDWF Example"></a></h3> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>The implementation is similar to Java UDAF, but requires an additional reset() method to clear the state.</p> |
| <div class="language-JAVA language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">void</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">reset</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">State</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Register and create the Java-UDWF function same as UDAF in Doris. For more syntax details, please refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/CREATE-FUNCTION/>CREATE FUNCTION</a>.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> AGGREGATE </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo_window</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">INT</span><span class="token plain"> PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///pathTo/java-udaf.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.SimpleDemo"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Java UDWF allows querying computed results within specific window frames. For detailed syntax, refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/window-function/>Window Function</a></p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> simple_demo_window</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">over</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">partition</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">by</span><span class="token plain"> d1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">between</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">preceding</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">following</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> res </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> test_table</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> res </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=introduction-to-java-udtf-example>Introduction to Java-UDTF Example<a href=#introduction-to-java-udtf-example class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDTF Example" title="Direct link to Introduction to Java-UDTF Example"></a></h3> |
| <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_Gfwi alert alert--success"><div class=admonitionHeading_f1Ed>tip</div><div class=admonitionContent_UjKb><p>UDTF is supported starting from Doris version 3.0.</div></div> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Similar to UDFs, UDTFs require users to implement an <code>evaluate</code> method. However, the return value of a UDTF must be of the Array type.</p> |
| <div class="language-JAVA language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">UDTFStringTest</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)"><</span><span class="token generics class-name">String</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> value</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> separator</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">value </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">||</span><span class="token plain"> separator </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)"><</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">Arrays</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">asList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">value</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">split</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">separator</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Register and create the Java-UDTF function in Doris. Two UDTF functions will be registered. Table functions in Doris may exhibit different behaviors due to the <code>_outer</code> suffix. For more details, refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-functions/table-functions/explode-numbers/>OUTER combinator</a>. |
| For more syntax details, please refer to <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/sql-manual/sql-statements/function/CREATE-FUNCTION/>CREATE FUNCTION</a>.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLES</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> java</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token plain">utdf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> array</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token plain">string</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token plain"> PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///pathTo/java-udtf.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.demo.UDTFStringTest"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>When using Java-UDTF, in Doris, UDTFs must be used with <a href=/docs/dev/query-data/lateral-view/><code>Lateral View</code></a> to achieve the row-to-column transformation effect:</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> e1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> test_table lateral </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">view</span><span class="token plain"> java_utdf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">','</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> tmp </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">as</span><span class="token plain"> e1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------+------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> str </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> e1 </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------+------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">c </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> a </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">c </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> b </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">c </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> c </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> d</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">e </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> d </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> d</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain">e </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> e </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------+-------+------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=best-practices>Best Practices<a href=#best-practices class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Best Practices" title="Direct link to Best Practices"></a></h2> |
| <p><em>Loading static variables</em></p> |
| <p>Currently, in Doris, executing a UDF function, e.g., <code>select udf(col) from table</code>, will load the udf.jar package for each concurrent instance, and unload the udf.jar package when the instance finish.</p> |
| <p>If the udf.jar file needs to load a file of several hundred MBs, the memory usage will increase sharply due to concurrency, potentially leading to OOM (Out of Memory).</p> |
| <p>Alternatively, if you want to use a connection pool, this approach will not allow you to initialize it only once in the static area.</p> |
| <p>Here are two solutions, with the second solution requiring Doris version branch-3.0 or above.</p> |
| <p><em>Solution 1:</em></p> |
| <p>The solution is to split the resource loading code, generate a separate jar package, and have other packages directly reference this resource jar package.</p> |
| <p>Assume the files have been split into <code>DictLibrary</code> and <code>FunctionUdfAR</code>.</p> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DictLibrary</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">private</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">static</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)"><</span><span class="token generics class-name">String</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token generics"> </span><span class="token generics class-name">String</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">></span><span class="token plain"> res </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)"><</span><span class="token generics punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">static</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// suppose we built this dictionary from a certain local file.</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"key1"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value1"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"key2"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value2"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"key3"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value3"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value4"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value5"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"2"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"value6"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">static</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">key </span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">FunctionUdf</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">DictLibrary</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> value</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Compile the DictLibrary file separately to generate an independent jar package, resulting in a resource file DictLibrary.jar:</p> |
| <div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">javac ./DictLibrary.java</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">jar -cf ./DictLibrary.jar ./DictLibrary.class</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Then compile the FunctionUdf file, directly referencing the resource package from the previous step, resulting in the FunctionUdf.jar package:</p> |
| <div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">javac -cp ./DictLibrary.jar ./FunctionUdf.java</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">jar -cvf ./FunctionUdf.jar ./FunctionUdf.class</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>After the above two steps, you will get two jar packages. To allow the resource jar package to be referenced by all concurrent instances, place it in the deployment path <code>be/custom_lib</code>. After the restarting, it will be loaded with the JVM startup. As a result, the resources will be loaded when the service starts and released when the service stops.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Finally, use the <code>create function</code> statement to create a UDF function</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> java_udf_dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">string</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> string PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///pathTo/FunctionUdf.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.FunctionUdf"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <p><em>Solution 2:</em></p> |
| <p>The BE (Backend) globally caches the JAR file and customizes the expiration and eviction time. When creating a function, two additional properties are added:</p> |
| <p>static_load: This defines whether to use the static cache loading method. |
| expiration_time: This defines the expiration time of the JAR file, in minutes. |
| If the static cache loading method is used, the UDF instance will be cached after the first call and initialization. On subsequent calls to the UDF, the system will first search in the cache. If not found, the initialization process will be triggered.</p> |
| <p>Additionally, a background thread regularly checks the cache. If the function has not been called within the configured expiration time, it will be evicted from the cache. If the function is called, the cache timestamp will be automatically updated.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> class </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Print</span><span class="token plain"> extends UDF {</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> static </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> val </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Integer</span><span class="token plain"> evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> {</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> val </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> val </span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">return</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">CREATE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FUNCTION</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">RETURNS</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">PROPERTIES </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"file:///path/to/java-udf-demo-jar-with-dependencies.jar"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"symbol"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"org.apache.doris.udf.Print"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"always_nullable"</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"type"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"JAVA_UDF"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"static_load"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// default value is false</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"expiration_time"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">"60"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">// default value is 360 minutes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div> |
| <p>As we can see, the result keeps incrementing, which proves that the loaded JAR file is not being unloaded and reloaded. Instead, the variables are being re-initialized to 0.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36><div class=codeBlockContent_biex><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">mysql </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">test_query_qa</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.40</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">mysql </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">test_query_qa</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.03</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain">mysql </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">test_query_qa</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> print_12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.04</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class=token-line style=color:#F8F8F2><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br></span></code></pre><div class=buttonGroup__atx><button type=button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title=Copy class=clean-btn><span class=copyButtonIcons_eSgA aria-hidden=true><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonIcon_y97N><path fill=currentColor d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"/></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS><path fill=currentColor d=M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z /></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><div class="flex items-center text-sm lg:text-base justify-end lg:col mt-10"><a 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