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class="col docItemCol_z5aJ"><div class="docItemContainer_c0TR"><article><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Advanced Use Guide</h1></header><h1>Advanced Use Guide</h1><p>Here we introduce some of Doris&#x27;s advanced features.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="table-structural-change">Table Structural Change<a href="#table-structural-change" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Table Structural Change" title="Direct link to Table Structural Change"></a></h2><p>Schema of the table can be modified using the <a href="/docs/1.2/sql-manual/sql-reference/Data-Definition-Statements/Alter/ALTER-TABLE-COLUMN">ALTER TABLE COLUMN</a> command, including the following modifications:</p><ul><li>Additional columns</li><li>Delete columns</li><li>Modify column type</li><li>Changing column order</li></ul><p>Examples are given below.</p><p>Schema of Table 1 is as follows:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| Field    | Type        | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| siteid   | int(11)     | No   | true  | 10      |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| citycode | smallint(6) | No   | true  | N/A     |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| username | varchar(32) | No   | true  |         |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| pv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>We added a new column of uv, type BIGINT, aggregation type SUM, default value is 0:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALTER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ADD</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">COLUMN</span><span class="token plain"> uv </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">BIGINT</span><span class="token plain"> SUM </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DEFAULT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&#x27;0&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">after</span><span class="token plain"> pv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After successful submission, you can view the progress of the job by following commands:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SHOW</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALTER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">COLUMN</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>When the job state is <code>FINISHED</code>, the job is completed. The new Schema is in force.</p><p>After ALTER TABLE is completed, you can view the latest Schema through <code>DESC TABLE</code>.</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">DESC</span><span class="token plain"> table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Field    </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Type</span><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">Null</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Key</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Extra </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> siteid   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain">     </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">No</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> citycode </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">smallint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">No</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> N</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token plain">A     </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> username </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">No</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">         </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> pv       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">No</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain">       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> SUM   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> uv       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">bigint</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">No</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain">       </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> SUM   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>The following command can be used to cancel the job currently being executed:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">CANCEL </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALTER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">COLUMN</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">FROM</span><span class="token plain"> table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>For more help, see <code>HELP ALTER TABLE</code>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rollup">Rollup<a href="#rollup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Rollup" title="Direct link to Rollup"></a></h2><p>Rollup can be understood as a materialized index structure of Table. <strong>materialized</strong> because data is store as a concrete (&quot;materialized&quot;) table independently, and <strong>indexing</strong> means that Rollup can adjust column order to increase the hit rate of prefix index, or reduce key column to increase data aggregation.</p><p>Use <a href="/docs/1.2/sql-manual/sql-reference/Data-Definition-Statements/Alter/ALTER-TABLE-ROLLUP">ALTER TABLE ROLLUP</a> to perform various rollup changes.</p><p>Examples are given below.</p><p>Schema of Table 1 is as follows:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| Field    | Type        | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| siteid   | int(11)     | No   | true  | 10      |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| citycode | smallint(6) | No   | true  | N/A     |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| username | varchar(32) | No   | true  |         |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| pv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| uv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>For table1 detailed data, siteid, citycode and username form a set of keys, which aggregate the PV field. If the business side often has the need to see the total amount of PV in the city, it can build a rollup with only citycode and pv.</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALTER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ADD</span><span class="token plain"> ROLLUP rollup_city</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">citycode</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> pv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After successful submission, you can view the progress of the job by following commands:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SHOW</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">ALTER</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">TABLE</span><span class="token plain"> ROLLUP</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>When the job state is <code>FINISHED</code>, the job is completed.</p><p>When Rollup is established, you can use <code>DESC table1 ALL</code> to view the Rollup information of the table.</p><div class="language-mysql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-mysql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql&gt; desc table1 all;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+-------------+----------+-------------+------+-------+--------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| IndexName   | Field    | Type        | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+-------------+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| table1      | siteid   | int(11)     | No   | true  | 10      |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             | citycode | smallint(6) | No   | true  | N/A     |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             | username | varchar(32) | No   | true  |         |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             | pv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             | uv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             |          |             |      |       |         |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">| rollup_city | citycode | smallint(6) | No   | true  | N/A     |       |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">|             | pv       | bigint(20)  | No   | false | 0       | SUM   |</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">+-------------+----------+-------------+------+-------+---------+-------+</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">8 rows in set (0.01 sec)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>The following command can be used to cancel the job currently being executed:</p><div class="language-mysql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-mysql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">CANCEL ALTER TABLE ROLLUP FROM table1;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After Rollup is established, the query does not need to specify Rollup to query. Or specify the original table for query. The program automatically determines whether Rollup should be used. Whether Rollup is hit or not can be viewed by the <code>EXPLAIN your_sql;</code>command.</p><p>For more help, see <code>HELP ALTER TABLE</code>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="query-of-data-table">Query of Data Table<a href="#query-of-data-table" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Query of Data Table" title="Direct link to Query of Data Table"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="memory-limitation">Memory Limitation<a href="#memory-limitation" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Memory Limitation" title="Direct link to Memory Limitation"></a></h3><p>To prevent a user&#x27;s query from consuming too much memory. Queries are controlled in memory. A query task uses no more than 2GB of memory by default on a single BE node.</p><p>When users use it, if they find a <code>Memory limit exceeded</code> error, they usually exceed the memory limit.</p><p>Users should try to optimize their SQL statements when they encounter memory overrun.</p><p>If it is found that 2GB memory cannot be satisfied, the memory parameters can be set manually.</p><p>Display query memory limits:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SHOW</span><span class="token plain"> VARIABLES </span><span class="token operator">LIKE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;%mem_limit%&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Variable_name </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Value</span><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> exec_mem_limit</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2147483648</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>The unit of <code>exec_mem_limit</code> is byte, and the value of <code>exec_mem_limit</code> can be changed by the <code>SET</code> command. If changed to 8GB.</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SET</span><span class="token plain"> exec_mem_limit </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8589934592</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">Query OK</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> affected </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SHOW</span><span class="token plain"> VARIABLES </span><span class="token operator">LIKE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;%mem_limit%&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Variable_name </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Value</span><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> exec_mem_limit</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">8589934592</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><blockquote><ul><li>The above modification is session level and is only valid within the current connection session. Disconnecting and reconnecting will change back to the default value.</li><li>If you need to modify the global variable, you can set it as follows: <code>SET GLOBAL exec_mem_limit = 8589934592;</code> When the setup is complete, disconnect the session and log in again, and the parameters will take effect permanently.</li></ul></blockquote><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="query-timeout">Query timeout<a href="#query-timeout" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Query timeout" title="Direct link to Query timeout"></a></h3><p>The current default query time is set to 300 seconds. If a query is not completed within 300 seconds, the query will be cancelled by the Doris system. Users can use this parameter to customize the timeout time of their applications and achieve a blocking mode similar to wait (timeout).</p><p>View the current timeout settings:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SHOW</span><span class="token plain"> VARIABLES </span><span class="token operator">LIKE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(255, 121, 198)">&quot;%query_timeout%&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> Variable_name </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">Value</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> QUERY_TIMEOUT </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token plain">   </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">---------------+-------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Modify the timeout to 1 minute:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">SET</span><span class="token plain"> query_timeout </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">Query OK</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">rows</span><span class="token plain"> affected </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><blockquote><ul><li>The current timeout check interval is 5 seconds, so timeouts less than 5 seconds are not very accurate.</li><li>The above modifications are also session level. Global validity can be modified by <code>SET GLOBAL</code>.</li></ul></blockquote><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="broadcastshuffle-join">Broadcast/Shuffle Join<a href="#broadcastshuffle-join" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Broadcast/Shuffle Join" title="Direct link to Broadcast/Shuffle Join"></a></h3><p>By default, the system implements Join by conditionally filtering small tables, broadcasting them to the nodes where the large tables are located, forming a memory Hash table, and then streaming out the data of the large tables Hash Join. However, if the amount of data filtered by small tables cannot be put into memory, Join will not be able to complete at this time. The usual error should be caused by memory overrun first.</p><p>If you encounter the above situation, it is recommended to use Shuffle Join explicitly, also known as Partitioned Join. That is, small and large tables are Hash according to Join&#x27;s key, and then distributed Join. This memory consumption is allocated to all computing nodes in the cluster.</p><p>Doris will try to use Broadcast Join first. If small tables are too large to broadcasting, Doris will switch to Shuffle Join automatically. Note that if you use Broadcast Join explicitly in this case, Doris will still switch to Shuffle Join automatically.</p><p>Use Broadcast Join (default):</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">pv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">join</span><span class="token plain"> table2 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">siteid </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">table1</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">pv</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">                 </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.20</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Use Broadcast Join (explicitly specified):</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">pv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">join</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">broadcast</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> table2 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">siteid </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">table1</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">pv</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">                 </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.20</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Shuffle Join:</p><div class="language-sql codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sql codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">mysql</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">select</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token plain">table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">pv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">from</span><span class="token plain"> table1 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">join</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">[</span><span class="token plain">shuffle</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">]</span><span class="token plain"> table2 </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">where</span><span class="token plain"> table1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token plain">siteid </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(80, 250, 123)">sum</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">table1</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">.</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token identifier">pv</span><span class="token identifier punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain">                 </span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(98, 114, 164)">--------------------+</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">row</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator">in</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(189, 147, 249);font-style:italic">set</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">(</span><span class="token number">0.15</span><span class="token plain"> sec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(248, 248, 242)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="query-retry-and-high-availability">Query Retry and High Availability<a href="#query-retry-and-high-availability" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Query Retry and High Availability" title="Direct link to Query Retry and High Availability"></a></h3><p>When multiple FE nodes are deployed, users can deploy load balancing layers on top of multiple FEs to achieve high availability of Doris.</p><p>Here are some highly available solutions:</p><p><strong>The first</strong></p><p>I retry and load balancing in application layer code. For example, if a connection is found to be dead, it will automatically retry on other connections. Application-level code retry requires the application to configure multiple Doris front-end node addresses.</p><p><strong>Second</strong></p><p>If you use MySQL JDBC connector to connect Doris, you can use jdbc&#x27;s automatic retry mechanism:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">jdbc:mysql://[host1][:port1],[host2][:port2][,[host3][:port3]]...[/[database]][?propertyName1=propertyValue1[&amp;propertyName2=propertyValue2]...]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p><strong>The third</strong></p><p>Applications can connect to and deploy MySQL Proxy on the same machine by configuring MySQL Proxy&#x27;s Failover and Load Balance functions.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#F8F8F2;--prism-background-color:#282A36"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/proxy-users.html</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_jeP5 thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><a href="https://github.com/apache/doris/discussions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="ml-4 mb-8 flex items-center hover:no-underline"><span class="pr-2">Join Discussion</span><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="8500" id="mx_n_1711090272569" width="16" height="16"><path d="M522.24 896.512c-25.6 4.608-51.712 7.168-78.336 7.168-79.36 0-157.696-21.504-225.792-62.464l-18.432-10.752-103.936 28.16c-28.672 7.68-54.784-18.432-47.104-47.104l28.16-103.936c-10.752-17.92-17.408-30.208-20.992-36.864C20.992 607.232 3.072 536.064 3.584 463.36c0-243.2 197.12-440.32 440.32-440.32 221.696 0 405.504 164.352 435.712 377.856 90.112 55.808 144.896 154.112 144.896 260.096 0 51.2-12.8 100.352-36.352 144.384-2.048 4.096-6.144 10.752-11.776 20.48l17.408 64c7.68 28.672-18.432 54.784-47.104 47.104l-64-17.408-7.68 4.608c-47.616 28.672-101.888 43.52-157.184 43.52-71.68-0.512-140.8-25.088-195.584-71.168z m95.232-28.672c31.232 15.36 65.536 23.04 100.352 23.04 41.472 0 82.432-11.264 117.76-32.768 2.56-1.536 9.728-5.632 22.016-12.8 8.704-5.12 19.456-6.656 29.184-3.584l14.848 4.096-4.096-14.848c-2.56-10.24-1.536-20.48 4.096-29.696 6.144-10.24 12.288-20.992 18.432-31.232 17.92-33.28 27.136-70.656 27.136-108.544 0-59.904-23.552-117.76-65.536-160.256-13.312 164.352-118.272 303.616-264.192 366.592z m-462.848-155.648l-14.848 54.784 54.784-14.848c9.728-2.56 20.48-1.536 29.184 4.096 18.432 10.752 29.184 16.896 32.768 19.456 56.32 33.792 120.832 51.712 186.88 51.712 200.704 0 363.52-162.816 363.52-363.52s-162.816-363.52-363.52-363.52-363.52 162.816-363.52 363.52c0 60.928 14.848 119.296 43.008 171.52 3.584 7.168 13.312 23.04 27.648 47.616 5.632 8.704 6.656 19.456 4.096 29.184z m448.512-382.976c20.992 0 38.4 16.896 38.4 38.4 0 20.992-16.896 38.4-38.4 38.4H284.16c-20.992 0-38.4-16.896-38.4-38.4 0-20.992 16.896-38.4 38.4-38.4h318.976z m-153.088 191.488c20.992 0 38.4 16.896 38.4 38.4 0 20.992-16.896 38.4-38.4 38.4H284.16c-20.992 0-38.4-16.896-38.4-38.4 0-20.992 16.896-38.4 38.4-38.4h165.888z m0 0" p-id="8501" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a><span class="ml-4">On This Page</span><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#table-structural-change" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Table Structural Change</a></li><li><a href="#rollup" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Rollup</a></li><li><a href="#query-of-data-table" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Query of Data Table</a><ul><li><a href="#memory-limitation" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Memory Limitation</a></li><li><a href="#query-timeout" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Query timeout</a></li><li><a href="#broadcastshuffle-join" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Broadcast/Shuffle Join</a></li><li><a href="#query-retry-and-high-availability" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Query Retry and High Availability</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><div class="footer pt-16 pb-10"><div class="container"><div class="footer-box"><div class="left"><img src="/images/asf_logo_apache.svg" alt="" class="themedImage_ToTc 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