| /* |
| * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one |
| * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file |
| * distributed with this work for additional information |
| * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file |
| * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the |
| * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance |
| * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| * |
| * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| * |
| * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, |
| * software distributed under the License is distributed on an |
| * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY |
| * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the |
| * specific language governing permissions and limitations |
| * under the License. |
| */ |
| |
| /** |
| * <p>This package provides high performance primitive and primitive array access to direct (native), |
| * off-heap memory and memory-mapped file resources, consistent views into |
| * {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}, and on-heap primitive arrays. It can be used as a more |
| * comprehensive and flexible replacement for {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}. |
| * </p> |
| * |
| * <p>In addition, this package provides:</p> |
| * |
| * <ul><li>Two different access APIs: read-only {@link org.apache.datasketches.memory.Memory} and |
| * {@link org.apache.datasketches.memory.WritableMemory} for absolute offset access, |
| * and read-only {@link org.apache.datasketches.memory.Buffer} and |
| * {@link org.apache.datasketches.memory.WritableBuffer} |
| * for relative positional access (similar to ByteBuffer).</li> |
| * |
| * <li>Clean separation of Read-only API from Writable API, which makes writable versus read-only |
| * resources detectable at compile time.</li> |
| * |
| * <li>The conversion from Writable to read-only is just a cast, so no unnecessary objects are |
| * created. For example: |
| * <blockquote><pre> |
| * WritableMemory wMem = ... |
| * Memory mem = wMem; |
| * </pre></blockquote> |
| * </li> |
| * |
| * <li> {@link java.lang.AutoCloseable} for the external resources that require it, |
| * which enables compile-time checks for non-closed resources.</li> |
| * |
| * <li>Immediate invalidation of all downstream references of an AutoCloseable |
| * resource when that resource is closed, either manually or by the JVM. |
| * This virtually eliminates the possibility of accidentally writing into the memory space |
| * previously owned by a closed resource.</li> |
| * |
| * <li>Improved performance over the prior Memory implementation.</li> |
| * |
| * <li>Cleaner internal architecture, which will make it easier to extend in the future.</li> |
| * |
| * <li>No external dependencies, which makes it simple to install in virtually any Java environment. |
| * </li> |
| * </ul> |
| * |
| * <p>More specifically, this package provides access to four different types of resources using |
| * two different access APIs. These resources can be viewed as contiguous blobs of bytes that provide at least |
| * byte-level read and write access. The four resources are:</p> |
| * |
| * <ul><li>Direct (a.k.a. Native) off-heap memory allocated by the user.</li> |
| * <li>Memory-mapped files, both writable and read-only.</li> |
| * <li>{@code ByteBuffers}, both heap-based and direct, writable and read-only.</li> |
| * <li>Heap-based primitive arrays, which can be accessed as writable or read-only.</li> |
| * </ul> |
| * |
| * <p>The two different access APIs are:</p> |
| * <ul><li><i>Memory, WritableMemory</i>: Absolute offset addressing into a resource.</li> |
| * <li><i>Buffer, WritableBuffer</i>: Position relative addressing into a resource.</li> |
| * </ul> |
| * |
| * <p>In addition, all combinations of access APIs and backing resources can be accessed via |
| * multibyte primitive methods (e.g. |
| * <i>getLong(...), getLongArray(...), putLong(...), putLongArray(...)</i>) as either |
| * {@link java.nio.ByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN} or {@link java.nio.ByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN}.</p> |
| * |
| * <p>The resources don't know or care about the access APIs, and the access |
| * APIs don't really know or care what resource they are accessing.</p> |
| * |
| * <p>A Direct or memory-mapped file resource can also be explicitly closed by the user</p> |
| * <blockquote><pre> |
| * //Using try-with-resources block: |
| * try (WritableMemory wmem = WritableMemory.map(File file)) { |
| * doWork(wMem) // read and write to memory mapped file. |
| * } |
| * |
| * //Using explicit close(): |
| * WritableMemory wmem = WritableMemory.map(File file); |
| * doWork(wMem) // read and write to memory mapped file. |
| * wmem.close(); |
| * </pre></blockquote> |
| * |
| * <p>Whatever thread of your process is responsible for allocating a direct or memory-mapped resource |
| * must be responsible for closing it or making sure it gets closed. This is also true for the special |
| * memory-mapping methods load(), isLoaded() and force().</p> |
| * |
| *<p>Moving back and forth between <i>Memory</i> and <i>Buffer</i>:</p> |
| *<blockquote><pre> |
| * Memory mem = ... |
| * Buffer buf = mem.asBuffer(); |
| * ... |
| * Memory mem2 = buf.asMemory(); |
| * ... |
| * </pre></blockquote> |
| * |
| * <p>Hierarchical memory regions can be easily created:</p> |
| * <blockquote><pre> |
| * WritableMemory wMem = ... |
| * WritableMemory wReg = wMem.writableRegion(offset, length); //OR |
| * Memory region = wMem.region(offset, length); |
| * </pre></blockquote> |
| * |
| * <p>All methods are checked for bounds violations.</p> |
| * |
| * <p>The classes in this package are not thread-safe.</p> |
| * |
| * @author Lee Rhodes |
| */ |
| package org.apache.datasketches.memory; |