datafusion-cli/src/print_format.rs

// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

//! Print format variants

use std::str::FromStr;

use crate::print_options::MaxRows;

use arrow::csv::writer::WriterBuilder;
use arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef;
use arrow::json::{ArrayWriter, LineDelimitedWriter};
use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
use arrow::util::pretty::pretty_format_batches_with_options;
use datafusion::config::FormatOptions;
use datafusion::error::Result;

/// Allow records to be printed in different formats
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, clap::ValueEnum, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum PrintFormat {
    Csv,
    Tsv,
    Table,
    Json,
    NdJson,
    Automatic,
}

impl FromStr for PrintFormat {
    type Err = String;

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        clap::ValueEnum::from_str(s, true)
    }
}

macro_rules! batches_to_json {
    ($WRITER: ident, $writer: expr, $batches: expr) => {{
        {
            if !$batches.is_empty() {
                let mut json_writer = $WRITER::new(&mut *$writer);
                for batch in $batches {
                    json_writer.write(batch)?;
                }
                json_writer.finish()?;
                json_finish!($WRITER, $writer);
            }
        }
        Ok(()) as Result<()>
    }};
}

macro_rules! json_finish {
    (ArrayWriter, $writer: expr) => {{
        writeln!($writer)?;
    }};
    (LineDelimitedWriter, $writer: expr) => {{}};
}

fn print_batches_with_sep<W: std::io::Write>(
    writer: &mut W,
    batches: &[RecordBatch],
    delimiter: u8,
    with_header: bool,
) -> Result<()> {
    let builder = WriterBuilder::new()
        .with_header(with_header)
        .with_delimiter(delimiter);
    let mut csv_writer = builder.build(writer);

    for batch in batches {
        csv_writer.write(batch)?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn keep_only_maxrows(s: &str, maxrows: usize) -> String {
    let lines: Vec<String> = s.lines().map(String::from).collect();

    assert!(lines.len() >= maxrows + 4); // 4 lines for top and bottom border

    let last_line = &lines[lines.len() - 1]; // bottom border line

    let spaces = last_line.len().saturating_sub(4);
    let dotted_line = format!("| .{}|", " ".repeat(spaces));

    let mut result = lines[0..(maxrows + 3)].to_vec(); // Keep top border and `maxrows` lines
    result.extend(vec![dotted_line; 3]); // Append ... lines
    result.push(last_line.clone());

    result.join("\n")
}

fn format_batches_with_maxrows<W: std::io::Write>(
    writer: &mut W,
    batches: &[RecordBatch],
    maxrows: MaxRows,
    format_options: &FormatOptions,
) -> Result<()> {
    let options: arrow::util::display::FormatOptions = format_options.try_into()?;

    match maxrows {
        MaxRows::Limited(maxrows) => {
            // Filter batches to meet the maxrows condition
            let mut filtered_batches = Vec::new();
            let mut row_count: usize = 0;
            let mut over_limit = false;
            for batch in batches {
                if row_count + batch.num_rows() > maxrows {
                    // If adding this batch exceeds maxrows, slice the batch
                    let limit = maxrows - row_count;
                    let sliced_batch = batch.slice(0, limit);
                    filtered_batches.push(sliced_batch);
                    over_limit = true;
                    break;
                } else {
                    filtered_batches.push(batch.clone());
                    row_count += batch.num_rows();
                }
            }

            let formatted =
                pretty_format_batches_with_options(&filtered_batches, &options)?;
            if over_limit {
                let mut formatted_str = format!("{formatted}");
                formatted_str = keep_only_maxrows(&formatted_str, maxrows);
                writeln!(writer, "{formatted_str}")?;
            } else {
                writeln!(writer, "{formatted}")?;
            }
        }
        MaxRows::Unlimited => {
            let formatted = pretty_format_batches_with_options(batches, &options)?;
            writeln!(writer, "{formatted}")?;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

impl PrintFormat {
    /// Print the batches to a writer using the specified format
    pub fn print_batches<W: std::io::Write>(
        &self,
        writer: &mut W,
        schema: SchemaRef,
        batches: &[RecordBatch],
        maxrows: MaxRows,
        with_header: bool,
        format_options: &FormatOptions,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // filter out any empty batches
        let batches: Vec<_> = batches
            .iter()
            .filter(|b| b.num_rows() > 0)
            .cloned()
            .collect();
        if batches.is_empty() {
            return self.print_empty(writer, schema, format_options);
        }

        match self {
            Self::Csv | Self::Automatic => {
                print_batches_with_sep(writer, &batches, b',', with_header)
            }
            Self::Tsv => print_batches_with_sep(writer, &batches, b'\t', with_header),
            Self::Table => {
                if maxrows == MaxRows::Limited(0) {
                    return Ok(());
                }
                format_batches_with_maxrows(writer, &batches, maxrows, format_options)
            }
            Self::Json => batches_to_json!(ArrayWriter, writer, &batches),
            Self::NdJson => batches_to_json!(LineDelimitedWriter, writer, &batches),
        }
    }

    /// Print when the result batches contain no rows
    fn print_empty<W: std::io::Write>(
        &self,
        writer: &mut W,
        schema: SchemaRef,
        format_options: &FormatOptions,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        match self {
            // Print column headers for Table format
            Self::Table if !schema.fields().is_empty() => {
                let format_options: arrow::util::display::FormatOptions =
                    format_options.try_into()?;

                let empty_batch = RecordBatch::new_empty(schema);
                let formatted =
                    pretty_format_batches_with_options(&[empty_batch], &format_options)?;
                writeln!(writer, "{formatted}")?;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    use arrow::array::Int32Array;
    use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
    use insta::{allow_duplicates, assert_snapshot};

    #[test]
    fn print_empty() {
        for format in [
            PrintFormat::Csv,
            PrintFormat::Tsv,
            PrintFormat::Json,
            PrintFormat::NdJson,
            PrintFormat::Automatic,
        ] {
            // no output for empty batches, even with header set
            let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
                .with_format(format)
                .with_schema(three_column_schema())
                .with_batches(vec![])
                .run();
            assert_eq!(output, "")
        }

        // output column headers for empty batches when format is Table
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_schema(three_column_schema())
            .with_batches(vec![])
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+---+---+
        | a | b | c |
        +---+---+---+
        +---+---+---+
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_csv_no_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Csv)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::No)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        1,4,7
        2,5,8
        3,6,9
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_csv_with_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Csv)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Yes)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        a,b,c
        1,4,7
        2,5,8
        3,6,9
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_tsv_no_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Tsv)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::No)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        1	4	7
        2	5	8
        3	6	9
        ")
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_tsv_with_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Tsv)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Yes)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        a	b	c
        1	4	7
        2	5	8
        3	6	9
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_table() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Ignored)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+---+---+
        | a | b | c |
        +---+---+---+
        | 1 | 4 | 7 |
        | 2 | 5 | 8 |
        | 3 | 6 | 9 |
        +---+---+---+
        ");
    }
    #[test]
    fn print_json() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Json)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Ignored)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r#"[{"a":1,"b":4,"c":7},{"a":2,"b":5,"c":8},{"a":3,"b":6,"c":9}]"#);
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_ndjson() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::NdJson)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Ignored)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r#"
        {"a":1,"b":4,"c":7}
        {"a":2,"b":5,"c":8}
        {"a":3,"b":6,"c":9}
        "#);
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_automatic_no_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Automatic)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::No)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        1,4,7
        2,5,8
        3,6,9
        ");
    }
    #[test]
    fn print_automatic_with_header() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Automatic)
            .with_batches(split_batch(&three_column_batch()))
            .with_header(WithHeader::Yes)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        a,b,c
        1,4,7
        2,5,8
        3,6,9
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_maxrows_unlimited() {
        // should print out entire output with no truncation if unlimited or
        // limit greater than number of batches or equal to the number of batches
        for max_rows in [MaxRows::Unlimited, MaxRows::Limited(5), MaxRows::Limited(3)] {
            let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
                .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
                .with_schema(one_column_schema())
                .with_batches(vec![one_column_batch()])
                .with_maxrows(max_rows)
                .run();
            allow_duplicates! {
                assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
                +---+
                | a |
                +---+
                | 1 |
                | 2 |
                | 3 |
                +---+
                ");
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_maxrows_limited_one_batch() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_batches(vec![one_column_batch()])
            .with_maxrows(MaxRows::Limited(1))
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+
        | a |
        +---+
        | 1 |
        | . |
        | . |
        | . |
        +---+
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_maxrows_limited_multi_batched() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_batches(vec![
                one_column_batch(),
                one_column_batch(),
                one_column_batch(),
            ])
            .with_maxrows(MaxRows::Limited(5))
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+
        | a |
        +---+
        | 1 |
        | 2 |
        | 3 |
        | 1 |
        | 2 |
        | . |
        | . |
        | . |
        +---+
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_print_batches_empty_batches() {
        let batch = one_column_batch();
        let empty_batch = RecordBatch::new_empty(batch.schema());

        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_batches(vec![empty_batch.clone(), batch, empty_batch])
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+
        | a |
        +---+
        | 1 |
        | 2 |
        | 3 |
        +---+
        ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_print_batches_empty_batch() {
        let empty_batch = RecordBatch::new_empty(one_column_batch().schema());

        // Print column headers for empty batch when format is Table
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_schema(one_column_schema())
            .with_batches(vec![empty_batch])
            .with_header(WithHeader::Yes)
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +---+
        | a |
        +---+
        +---+
        ");

        // No output for empty batch when schema contains no columns
        let empty_batch = RecordBatch::new_empty(Arc::new(Schema::empty()));
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_schema(Arc::new(Schema::empty()))
            .with_batches(vec![empty_batch])
            .with_header(WithHeader::Yes)
            .run();
        assert_eq!(output, "")
    }

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct PrintBatchesTest {
        format: PrintFormat,
        schema: SchemaRef,
        batches: Vec<RecordBatch>,
        maxrows: MaxRows,
        with_header: WithHeader,
    }

    /// How to test with_header
    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
    enum WithHeader {
        Yes,
        No,
        /// output should be the same with or without header
        Ignored,
    }

    impl PrintBatchesTest {
        fn new() -> Self {
            Self {
                format: PrintFormat::Table,
                schema: Arc::new(Schema::empty()),
                batches: vec![],
                maxrows: MaxRows::Unlimited,
                with_header: WithHeader::Ignored,
            }
        }

        /// set the format
        fn with_format(mut self, format: PrintFormat) -> Self {
            self.format = format;
            self
        }

        // set the schema
        fn with_schema(mut self, schema: SchemaRef) -> Self {
            self.schema = schema;
            self
        }

        /// set the batches to convert
        fn with_batches(mut self, batches: Vec<RecordBatch>) -> Self {
            self.batches = batches;
            self
        }

        /// set maxrows
        fn with_maxrows(mut self, maxrows: MaxRows) -> Self {
            self.maxrows = maxrows;
            self
        }

        /// set with_header
        fn with_header(mut self, with_header: WithHeader) -> Self {
            self.with_header = with_header;
            self
        }

        /// run the test
        /// formats batches using parameters and returns the resulting output
        fn run(self) -> String {
            match self.with_header {
                WithHeader::Yes => self.output_with_header(true),
                WithHeader::No => self.output_with_header(false),
                WithHeader::Ignored => {
                    let output = self.output_with_header(true);
                    // ensure the output is the same without header
                    let output_without_header = self.output_with_header(false);
                    assert_eq!(
                        output, output_without_header,
                        "Expected output to be the same with or without header"
                    );
                    output
                }
            }
        }

        fn output_with_header(&self, with_header: bool) -> String {
            let mut buffer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
            self.format
                .print_batches(
                    &mut buffer,
                    self.schema.clone(),
                    &self.batches,
                    self.maxrows,
                    with_header,
                    &FormatOptions::default(),
                )
                .unwrap();
            String::from_utf8(buffer).unwrap()
        }
    }

    /// Return a schema with three columns
    fn three_column_schema() -> SchemaRef {
        Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
            Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false),
            Field::new("b", DataType::Int32, false),
            Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, false),
        ]))
    }

    /// Return a batch with three columns and three rows
    fn three_column_batch() -> RecordBatch {
        RecordBatch::try_new(
            three_column_schema(),
            vec![
                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3])),
                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![4, 5, 6])),
                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![7, 8, 9])),
            ],
        )
        .unwrap()
    }

    /// Return a schema with one column
    fn one_column_schema() -> SchemaRef {
        Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false)]))
    }

    /// return a batch with one column and three rows
    fn one_column_batch() -> RecordBatch {
        RecordBatch::try_new(
            one_column_schema(),
            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3]))],
        )
        .unwrap()
    }

    #[test]
    fn print_maxrows_limited_wide_table() {
        let output = PrintBatchesTest::new()
            .with_format(PrintFormat::Table)
            .with_batches(vec![wide_column_batch()])
            .with_maxrows(MaxRows::Limited(1))
            .run();
        assert_snapshot!(output, @r"
        +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
        | c0 | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | c5 | c6 | c7 | c8 | c9 |
        +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
        | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  |
        | .                                               |
        | .                                               |
        | .                                               |
        +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
        ");
    }

    /// return a schema with many columns (to exercise wide table formatting)
    fn wide_column_schema() -> SchemaRef {
        let fields: Vec<Field> = (0..10)
            .map(|i| Field::new(format!("c{i}"), DataType::Int32, false))
            .collect();
        Arc::new(Schema::new(fields))
    }

    /// return a batch with many columns and three rows
    fn wide_column_batch() -> RecordBatch {
        let arrays: Vec<Arc<dyn arrow::array::Array>> = (0..10)
            .map(|_| Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![0, 1, 2])) as _)
            .collect();
        RecordBatch::try_new(wide_column_schema(), arrays).unwrap()
    }

    /// Slice the record batch into 2 batches
    fn split_batch(batch: &RecordBatch) -> Vec<RecordBatch> {
        assert!(batch.num_rows() > 1);
        let split = batch.num_rows() / 2;
        vec![
            batch.slice(0, split),
            batch.slice(split, batch.num_rows() - split),
        ]
    }
}