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// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
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// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
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// under the License.
//! [`AggregateUDF`]: User Defined Aggregate Functions
use std::any::Any;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter, Write};
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::vec;
use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, FieldRef};
use datafusion_common::{exec_err, not_impl_err, Result, ScalarValue, Statistics};
use datafusion_expr_common::dyn_eq::{DynEq, DynHash};
use datafusion_physical_expr_common::physical_expr::PhysicalExpr;
use crate::expr::{
schema_name_from_exprs, schema_name_from_exprs_comma_separated_without_space,
schema_name_from_sorts, AggregateFunction, AggregateFunctionParams, ExprListDisplay,
WindowFunctionParams,
};
use crate::function::{
AccumulatorArgs, AggregateFunctionSimplification, StateFieldsArgs,
};
use crate::groups_accumulator::GroupsAccumulator;
use crate::udf_eq::UdfEq;
use crate::utils::format_state_name;
use crate::utils::AggregateOrderSensitivity;
use crate::{expr_vec_fmt, Accumulator, Expr};
use crate::{Documentation, Signature};
/// Logical representation of a user-defined [aggregate function] (UDAF).
///
/// An aggregate function combines the values from multiple input rows
/// into a single output "aggregate" (summary) row. It is different
/// from a scalar function because it is stateful across batches. User
/// defined aggregate functions can be used as normal SQL aggregate
/// functions (`GROUP BY` clause) as well as window functions (`OVER`
/// clause).
///
/// `AggregateUDF` provides DataFusion the information needed to plan and call
/// aggregate functions, including name, type information, and a factory
/// function to create an [`Accumulator`] instance, to perform the actual
/// aggregation.
///
/// For more information, please see [the examples]:
///
/// 1. For simple use cases, use [`create_udaf`] (examples in [`simple_udaf.rs`]).
///
/// 2. For advanced use cases, use [`AggregateUDFImpl`] which provides full API
/// access (examples in [`advanced_udaf.rs`]).
///
/// # API Note
/// This is a separate struct from `AggregateUDFImpl` to maintain backwards
/// compatibility with the older API.
///
/// [the examples]: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/tree/main/datafusion-examples#single-process
/// [aggregate function]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_function
/// [`Accumulator`]: Accumulator
/// [`create_udaf`]: crate::expr_fn::create_udaf
/// [`simple_udaf.rs`]: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion-examples/examples/simple_udaf.rs
/// [`advanced_udaf.rs`]: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion-examples/examples/advanced_udaf.rs
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialOrd)]
pub struct AggregateUDF {
inner: Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>,
}
impl PartialEq for AggregateUDF {
fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.inner.dyn_eq(other.inner.as_any())
}
}
impl Eq for AggregateUDF {}
impl Hash for AggregateUDF {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
self.inner.dyn_hash(state)
}
}
impl fmt::Display for AggregateUDF {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name())
}
}
/// Arguments passed to [`AggregateUDFImpl::value_from_stats`]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct StatisticsArgs<'a> {
/// The statistics of the aggregate input
pub statistics: &'a Statistics,
/// The resolved return type of the aggregate function
pub return_type: &'a DataType,
/// Whether the aggregate function is distinct.
///
/// ```sql
/// SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column1) FROM t;
/// ```
pub is_distinct: bool,
/// The physical expression of arguments the aggregate function takes.
pub exprs: &'a [Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr>],
}
impl AggregateUDF {
/// Create a new `AggregateUDF` from a `[AggregateUDFImpl]` trait object
///
/// Note this is the same as using the `From` impl (`AggregateUDF::from`)
pub fn new_from_impl<F>(fun: F) -> AggregateUDF
where
F: AggregateUDFImpl + 'static,
{
Self::new_from_shared_impl(Arc::new(fun))
}
/// Create a new `AggregateUDF` from a `[AggregateUDFImpl]` trait object
pub fn new_from_shared_impl(fun: Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>) -> AggregateUDF {
Self { inner: fun }
}
/// Return the underlying [`AggregateUDFImpl`] trait object for this function
pub fn inner(&self) -> &Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl> {
&self.inner
}
/// Adds additional names that can be used to invoke this function, in
/// addition to `name`
///
/// If you implement [`AggregateUDFImpl`] directly you should return aliases directly.
pub fn with_aliases(self, aliases: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'static str>) -> Self {
Self::new_from_impl(AliasedAggregateUDFImpl::new(
Arc::clone(&self.inner),
aliases,
))
}
/// Creates an [`Expr`] that calls the aggregate function.
///
/// This utility allows using the UDAF without requiring access to
/// the registry, such as with the DataFrame API.
pub fn call(&self, args: Vec<Expr>) -> Expr {
Expr::AggregateFunction(AggregateFunction::new_udf(
Arc::new(self.clone()),
args,
false,
None,
vec![],
None,
))
}
/// Returns this function's name
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::name`] for more details.
pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
self.inner.name()
}
/// Returns the aliases for this function.
pub fn aliases(&self) -> &[String] {
self.inner.aliases()
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::schema_name`] for more details.
pub fn schema_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.schema_name(params)
}
/// Returns a human readable expression.
///
/// See [`Expr::human_display`] for details.
pub fn human_display(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.human_display(params)
}
pub fn window_function_schema_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.window_function_schema_name(params)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::display_name`] for more details.
pub fn display_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.display_name(params)
}
pub fn window_function_display_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.window_function_display_name(params)
}
pub fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.is_nullable()
}
/// Returns this function's signature (what input types are accepted)
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::signature`] for more details.
pub fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
self.inner.signature()
}
/// Return the type of the function given its input types
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::return_type`] for more details.
pub fn return_type(&self, args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
self.inner.return_type(args)
}
/// Return the field of the function given its input fields
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::return_field`] for more details.
pub fn return_field(&self, args: &[FieldRef]) -> Result<FieldRef> {
self.inner.return_field(args)
}
/// Return an accumulator the given aggregate, given its return datatype
pub fn accumulator(&self, acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
self.inner.accumulator(acc_args)
}
/// Return the fields used to store the intermediate state for this aggregator, given
/// the name of the aggregate, value type and ordering fields. See [`AggregateUDFImpl::state_fields`]
/// for more details.
///
/// This is used to support multi-phase aggregations
pub fn state_fields(&self, args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
self.inner.state_fields(args)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::groups_accumulator_supported`] for more details.
pub fn groups_accumulator_supported(&self, args: AccumulatorArgs) -> bool {
self.inner.groups_accumulator_supported(args)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::create_groups_accumulator`] for more details.
pub fn create_groups_accumulator(
&self,
args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn GroupsAccumulator>> {
self.inner.create_groups_accumulator(args)
}
pub fn create_sliding_accumulator(
&self,
args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
self.inner.create_sliding_accumulator(args)
}
pub fn coerce_types(&self, arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<Vec<DataType>> {
self.inner.coerce_types(arg_types)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::with_beneficial_ordering`] for more details.
pub fn with_beneficial_ordering(
self,
beneficial_ordering: bool,
) -> Result<Option<AggregateUDF>> {
self.inner
.with_beneficial_ordering(beneficial_ordering)
.map(|updated_udf| updated_udf.map(|udf| Self { inner: udf }))
}
/// Gets the order sensitivity of the UDF. See [`AggregateOrderSensitivity`]
/// for possible options.
pub fn order_sensitivity(&self) -> AggregateOrderSensitivity {
self.inner.order_sensitivity()
}
/// Reserves the `AggregateUDF` (e.g. returns the `AggregateUDF` that will
/// generate same result with this `AggregateUDF` when iterated in reverse
/// order, and `None` if there is no such `AggregateUDF`).
pub fn reverse_udf(&self) -> ReversedUDAF {
self.inner.reverse_expr()
}
/// Do the function rewrite
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::simplify`] for more details.
pub fn simplify(&self) -> Option<AggregateFunctionSimplification> {
self.inner.simplify()
}
/// Returns true if the function is max, false if the function is min
/// None in all other cases, used in certain optimizations for
/// or aggregate
pub fn is_descending(&self) -> Option<bool> {
self.inner.is_descending()
}
/// Return the value of this aggregate function if it can be determined
/// entirely from statistics and arguments.
///
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::value_from_stats`] for more details.
pub fn value_from_stats(
&self,
statistics_args: &StatisticsArgs,
) -> Option<ScalarValue> {
self.inner.value_from_stats(statistics_args)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::default_value`] for more details.
pub fn default_value(&self, data_type: &DataType) -> Result<ScalarValue> {
self.inner.default_value(data_type)
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::supports_null_handling_clause`] for more details.
pub fn supports_null_handling_clause(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.supports_null_handling_clause()
}
/// See [`AggregateUDFImpl::supports_within_group_clause`] for more details.
pub fn supports_within_group_clause(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.supports_within_group_clause()
}
/// Returns the documentation for this Aggregate UDF.
///
/// Documentation can be accessed programmatically as well as
/// generating publicly facing documentation.
pub fn documentation(&self) -> Option<&Documentation> {
self.inner.documentation()
}
}
impl<F> From<F> for AggregateUDF
where
F: AggregateUDFImpl + Send + Sync + 'static,
{
fn from(fun: F) -> Self {
Self::new_from_impl(fun)
}
}
/// Trait for implementing [`AggregateUDF`].
///
/// This trait exposes the full API for implementing user defined aggregate functions and
/// can be used to implement any function.
///
/// See [`advanced_udaf.rs`] for a full example with complete implementation and
/// [`AggregateUDF`] for other available options.
///
/// [`advanced_udaf.rs`]: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion-examples/examples/advanced_udaf.rs
///
/// # Basic Example
/// ```
/// # use std::any::Any;
/// # use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
/// # use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, FieldRef};
/// # use datafusion_common::{DataFusionError, plan_err, Result};
/// # use datafusion_expr::{col, ColumnarValue, Signature, Volatility, Expr, Documentation};
/// # use datafusion_expr::{AggregateUDFImpl, AggregateUDF, Accumulator, function::{AccumulatorArgs, StateFieldsArgs}};
/// # use datafusion_expr::window_doc_sections::DOC_SECTION_AGGREGATE;
/// # use arrow::datatypes::Schema;
/// # use arrow::datatypes::Field;
///
/// #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
/// struct GeoMeanUdf {
/// signature: Signature,
/// }
///
/// impl GeoMeanUdf {
/// fn new() -> Self {
/// Self {
/// signature: Signature::uniform(1, vec![DataType::Float64], Volatility::Immutable),
/// }
/// }
/// }
///
/// static DOCUMENTATION: LazyLock<Documentation> = LazyLock::new(|| {
/// Documentation::builder(DOC_SECTION_AGGREGATE, "calculates a geometric mean", "geo_mean(2.0)")
/// .with_argument("arg1", "The Float64 number for the geometric mean")
/// .build()
/// });
///
/// fn get_doc() -> &'static Documentation {
/// &DOCUMENTATION
/// }
///
/// /// Implement the AggregateUDFImpl trait for GeoMeanUdf
/// impl AggregateUDFImpl for GeoMeanUdf {
/// fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any { self }
/// fn name(&self) -> &str { "geo_mean" }
/// fn signature(&self) -> &Signature { &self.signature }
/// fn return_type(&self, args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
/// if !matches!(args.get(0), Some(&DataType::Float64)) {
/// return plan_err!("geo_mean only accepts Float64 arguments");
/// }
/// Ok(DataType::Float64)
/// }
/// // This is the accumulator factory; DataFusion uses it to create new accumulators.
/// fn accumulator(&self, _acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> { unimplemented!() }
/// fn state_fields(&self, args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
/// Ok(vec![
/// Arc::new(args.return_field.as_ref().clone().with_name("value")),
/// Arc::new(Field::new("ordering", DataType::UInt32, true))
/// ])
/// }
/// fn documentation(&self) -> Option<&Documentation> {
/// Some(get_doc())
/// }
/// }
///
/// // Create a new AggregateUDF from the implementation
/// let geometric_mean = AggregateUDF::from(GeoMeanUdf::new());
///
/// // Call the function `geo_mean(col)`
/// let expr = geometric_mean.call(vec![col("a")]);
/// ```
pub trait AggregateUDFImpl: Debug + DynEq + DynHash + Send + Sync {
/// Returns this object as an [`Any`] trait object
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
/// Returns this function's name
fn name(&self) -> &str;
/// Returns any aliases (alternate names) for this function.
///
/// Note: `aliases` should only include names other than [`Self::name`].
/// Defaults to `[]` (no aliases)
fn aliases(&self) -> &[String] {
&[]
}
/// Returns the name of the column this expression would create
///
/// See [`Expr::schema_name`] for details
///
/// Example of schema_name: count(DISTINCT column1) FILTER (WHERE column2 > 10) ORDER BY [..]
fn schema_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
udaf_default_schema_name(self, params)
}
/// Returns a human readable expression.
///
/// See [`Expr::human_display`] for details.
fn human_display(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
udaf_default_human_display(self, params)
}
/// Returns the name of the column this expression would create
///
/// See [`Expr::schema_name`] for details
///
/// Different from `schema_name` in that it is used for window aggregate function
///
/// Example of schema_name: count(DISTINCT column1) FILTER (WHERE column2 > 10) [PARTITION BY [..]] [ORDER BY [..]]
fn window_function_schema_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
udaf_default_window_function_schema_name(self, params)
}
/// Returns the user-defined display name of function, given the arguments
///
/// This can be used to customize the output column name generated by this
/// function.
///
/// Defaults to `function_name([DISTINCT] column1, column2, ..) [null_treatment] [filter] [order_by [..]]`
fn display_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
udaf_default_display_name(self, params)
}
/// Returns the user-defined display name of function, given the arguments
///
/// This can be used to customize the output column name generated by this
/// function.
///
/// Different from `display_name` in that it is used for window aggregate function
///
/// Defaults to `function_name([DISTINCT] column1, column2, ..) [null_treatment] [partition by [..]] [order_by [..]]`
fn window_function_display_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
udaf_default_window_function_display_name(self, params)
}
/// Returns the function's [`Signature`] for information about what input
/// types are accepted and the function's Volatility.
fn signature(&self) -> &Signature;
/// What [`DataType`] will be returned by this function, given the types of
/// the arguments
fn return_type(&self, arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType>;
/// What type will be returned by this function, given the arguments?
///
/// By default, this function calls [`Self::return_type`] with the
/// types of each argument.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Most UDFs should implement [`Self::return_type`] and not this
/// function as the output type for most functions only depends on the types
/// of their inputs (e.g. `sum(f64)` is always `f64`).
///
/// This function can be used for more advanced cases such as:
///
/// 1. specifying nullability
/// 2. return types based on the **values** of the arguments (rather than
/// their **types**.
/// 3. return types based on metadata within the fields of the inputs
fn return_field(&self, arg_fields: &[FieldRef]) -> Result<FieldRef> {
udaf_default_return_field(self, arg_fields)
}
/// Whether the aggregate function is nullable.
///
/// Nullable means that the function could return `null` for any inputs.
/// For example, aggregate functions like `COUNT` always return a non null value
/// but others like `MIN` will return `NULL` if there is nullable input.
/// Note that if the function is declared as *not* nullable, make sure the [`AggregateUDFImpl::default_value`] is `non-null`
fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
true
}
/// Return a new [`Accumulator`] that aggregates values for a specific
/// group during query execution.
///
/// acc_args: [`AccumulatorArgs`] contains information about how the
/// aggregate function was called.
fn accumulator(&self, acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>>;
/// Return the fields used to store the intermediate state of this accumulator.
///
/// See [`Accumulator::state`] for background information.
///
/// args: [`StateFieldsArgs`] contains arguments passed to the
/// aggregate function's accumulator.
///
/// # Notes:
///
/// The default implementation returns a single state field named `name`
/// with the same type as `value_type`. This is suitable for aggregates such
/// as `SUM` or `MIN` where partial state can be combined by applying the
/// same aggregate.
///
/// For aggregates such as `AVG` where the partial state is more complex
/// (e.g. a COUNT and a SUM), this method is used to define the additional
/// fields.
///
/// The name of the fields must be unique within the query and thus should
/// be derived from `name`. See [`format_state_name`] for a utility function
/// to generate a unique name.
fn state_fields(&self, args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
let fields = vec![args
.return_field
.as_ref()
.clone()
.with_name(format_state_name(args.name, "value"))];
Ok(fields
.into_iter()
.map(Arc::new)
.chain(args.ordering_fields.to_vec())
.collect())
}
/// If the aggregate expression has a specialized
/// [`GroupsAccumulator`] implementation. If this returns true,
/// `[Self::create_groups_accumulator]` will be called.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Even if this function returns true, DataFusion will still use
/// [`Self::accumulator`] for certain queries, such as when this aggregate is
/// used as a window function or when there no GROUP BY columns in the
/// query.
fn groups_accumulator_supported(&self, _args: AccumulatorArgs) -> bool {
false
}
/// Return a specialized [`GroupsAccumulator`] that manages state
/// for all groups.
///
/// For maximum performance, a [`GroupsAccumulator`] should be
/// implemented in addition to [`Accumulator`].
fn create_groups_accumulator(
&self,
_args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn GroupsAccumulator>> {
not_impl_err!("GroupsAccumulator hasn't been implemented for {self:?} yet")
}
/// Sliding accumulator is an alternative accumulator that can be used for
/// window functions. It has retract method to revert the previous update.
///
/// See [retract_batch] for more details.
///
/// [retract_batch]: Accumulator::retract_batch
fn create_sliding_accumulator(
&self,
args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
self.accumulator(args)
}
/// Sets the indicator whether ordering requirements of the AggregateUDFImpl is
/// satisfied by its input. If this is not the case, UDFs with order
/// sensitivity `AggregateOrderSensitivity::Beneficial` can still produce
/// the correct result with possibly more work internally.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// Returns `Ok(Some(updated_udf))` if the process completes successfully.
/// If the expression can benefit from existing input ordering, but does
/// not implement the method, returns an error. Order insensitive and hard
/// requirement aggregators return `Ok(None)`.
fn with_beneficial_ordering(
self: Arc<Self>,
_beneficial_ordering: bool,
) -> Result<Option<Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>>> {
if self.order_sensitivity().is_beneficial() {
return exec_err!(
"Should implement with satisfied for aggregator :{:?}",
self.name()
);
}
Ok(None)
}
/// Gets the order sensitivity of the UDF. See [`AggregateOrderSensitivity`]
/// for possible options.
fn order_sensitivity(&self) -> AggregateOrderSensitivity {
// We have hard ordering requirements by default, meaning that order
// sensitive UDFs need their input orderings to satisfy their ordering
// requirements to generate correct results.
AggregateOrderSensitivity::HardRequirement
}
/// Optionally apply per-UDaF simplification / rewrite rules.
///
/// This can be used to apply function specific simplification rules during
/// optimization (e.g. `arrow_cast` --> `Expr::Cast`). The default
/// implementation does nothing.
///
/// Note that DataFusion handles simplifying arguments and "constant
/// folding" (replacing a function call with constant arguments such as
/// `my_add(1,2) --> 3` ). Thus, there is no need to implement such
/// optimizations manually for specific UDFs.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// [None] if simplify is not defined or,
///
/// Or, a closure with two arguments:
/// * 'aggregate_function': [AggregateFunction] for which simplified has been invoked
/// * 'info': [crate::simplify::SimplifyInfo]
///
/// closure returns simplified [Expr] or an error.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// The returned expression must have the same schema as the original
/// expression, including both the data type and nullability. For example,
/// if the original expression is nullable, the returned expression must
/// also be nullable, otherwise it may lead to schema verification errors
/// later in query planning.
fn simplify(&self) -> Option<AggregateFunctionSimplification> {
None
}
/// Returns the reverse expression of the aggregate function.
fn reverse_expr(&self) -> ReversedUDAF {
ReversedUDAF::NotSupported
}
/// Coerce arguments of a function call to types that the function can evaluate.
///
/// This function is only called if [`AggregateUDFImpl::signature`] returns [`crate::TypeSignature::UserDefined`]. Most
/// UDAFs should return one of the other variants of `TypeSignature` which handle common
/// cases
///
/// See the [type coercion module](crate::type_coercion)
/// documentation for more details on type coercion
///
/// For example, if your function requires a floating point arguments, but the user calls
/// it like `my_func(1::int)` (aka with `1` as an integer), coerce_types could return `[DataType::Float64]`
/// to ensure the argument was cast to `1::double`
///
/// # Parameters
/// * `arg_types`: The argument types of the arguments this function with
///
/// # Return value
/// A Vec the same length as `arg_types`. DataFusion will `CAST` the function call
/// arguments to these specific types.
fn coerce_types(&self, _arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<Vec<DataType>> {
not_impl_err!("Function {} does not implement coerce_types", self.name())
}
/// If this function is max, return true
/// If the function is min, return false
/// Otherwise return None (the default)
///
///
/// Note: this is used to use special aggregate implementations in certain conditions
fn is_descending(&self) -> Option<bool> {
None
}
/// Return the value of this aggregate function if it can be determined
/// entirely from statistics and arguments.
///
/// Using a [`ScalarValue`] rather than a runtime computation can significantly
/// improving query performance.
///
/// For example, if the minimum value of column `x` is known to be `42` from
/// statistics, then the aggregate `MIN(x)` should return `Some(ScalarValue(42))`
fn value_from_stats(&self, _statistics_args: &StatisticsArgs) -> Option<ScalarValue> {
None
}
/// Returns default value of the function given the input is all `null`.
///
/// Most of the aggregate function return Null if input is Null,
/// while `count` returns 0 if input is Null
fn default_value(&self, data_type: &DataType) -> Result<ScalarValue> {
ScalarValue::try_from(data_type)
}
/// If this function supports `[IGNORE NULLS | RESPECT NULLS]` clause, return true
/// If the function does not, return false
fn supports_null_handling_clause(&self) -> bool {
true
}
/// If this function supports the `WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY column [ASC|DESC])`
/// SQL syntax, return `true`. Otherwise, return `false` (default) which will
/// cause an error when parsing SQL where this syntax is detected for this
/// function.
///
/// This function should return `true` for ordered-set aggregate functions
/// only.
///
/// # Ordered-set aggregate functions
///
/// Ordered-set aggregate functions allow specifying a sort order that affects
/// how the function calculates its result, unlike other aggregate functions
/// like `sum` or `count`. For example, `percentile_cont` is an ordered-set
/// aggregate function that calculates the exact percentile value from a list
/// of values; the output of calculating the `0.75` percentile depends on if
/// you're calculating on an ascending or descending list of values.
///
/// An example of how an ordered-set aggregate function is called with the
/// `WITHIN GROUP` SQL syntax:
///
/// ```sql
/// -- Ascending
/// SELECT percentile_cont(0.75) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY c1 ASC) FROM table;
/// -- Default ordering is ascending if not explicitly specified
/// SELECT percentile_cont(0.75) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY c1) FROM table;
/// -- Descending
/// SELECT percentile_cont(0.75) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY c1 DESC) FROM table;
/// ```
///
/// This calculates the `0.75` percentile of the column `c1` from `table`,
/// according to the specific ordering. The column specified in the `WITHIN GROUP`
/// ordering clause is taken as the column to calculate values on; specifying
/// the `WITHIN GROUP` clause is optional so these queries are equivalent:
///
/// ```sql
/// -- If no WITHIN GROUP is specified then default ordering is implementation
/// -- dependent; in this case ascending for percentile_cont
/// SELECT percentile_cont(c1, 0.75) FROM table;
/// SELECT percentile_cont(0.75) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY c1 ASC) FROM table;
/// ```
///
/// Aggregate UDFs can define their default ordering if the function is called
/// without the `WITHIN GROUP` clause, though a default of ascending is the
/// standard practice.
///
/// Ordered-set aggregate function implementations are responsible for handling
/// the input sort order themselves (e.g. `percentile_cont` must buffer and
/// sort the values internally). That is, DataFusion does not introduce any
/// kind of sort into the plan for these functions with this syntax.
fn supports_within_group_clause(&self) -> bool {
false
}
/// Returns the documentation for this Aggregate UDF.
///
/// Documentation can be accessed programmatically as well as
/// generating publicly facing documentation.
fn documentation(&self) -> Option<&Documentation> {
None
}
/// Indicates whether the aggregation function is monotonic as a set
/// function. See [`SetMonotonicity`] for details.
fn set_monotonicity(&self, _data_type: &DataType) -> SetMonotonicity {
SetMonotonicity::NotMonotonic
}
}
impl PartialEq for dyn AggregateUDFImpl {
fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.dyn_eq(other.as_any())
}
}
impl PartialOrd for dyn AggregateUDFImpl {
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
match self.name().partial_cmp(other.name()) {
Some(Ordering::Equal) => self.signature().partial_cmp(other.signature()),
cmp => cmp,
}
// TODO (https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/17477) avoid recomparing all fields
.filter(|cmp| *cmp != Ordering::Equal || self == other)
}
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::schema_name`].
pub fn udaf_default_schema_name<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
params: &AggregateFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
let AggregateFunctionParams {
args,
distinct,
filter,
order_by,
null_treatment,
} = params;
// exclude the first function argument(= column) in ordered set aggregate function,
// because it is duplicated with the WITHIN GROUP clause in schema name.
let args = if func.supports_within_group_clause() && !order_by.is_empty() {
&args[1..]
} else {
&args[..]
};
let mut schema_name = String::new();
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}({}{})",
func.name(),
if *distinct { "DISTINCT " } else { "" },
schema_name_from_exprs_comma_separated_without_space(args)?
))?;
if let Some(null_treatment) = null_treatment {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {null_treatment}"))?;
}
if let Some(filter) = filter {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" FILTER (WHERE {filter})"))?;
};
if !order_by.is_empty() {
let clause = match func.supports_within_group_clause() {
true => "WITHIN GROUP",
false => "ORDER BY",
};
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" {} [{}]",
clause,
schema_name_from_sorts(order_by)?
))?;
};
Ok(schema_name)
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::human_display`].
pub fn udaf_default_human_display<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
params: &AggregateFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
let AggregateFunctionParams {
args,
distinct,
filter,
order_by,
null_treatment,
} = params;
let mut schema_name = String::new();
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}({}{})",
func.name(),
if *distinct { "DISTINCT " } else { "" },
ExprListDisplay::comma_separated(args.as_slice())
))?;
if let Some(null_treatment) = null_treatment {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {null_treatment}"))?;
}
if let Some(filter) = filter {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" FILTER (WHERE {filter})"))?;
};
if !order_by.is_empty() {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" ORDER BY [{}]",
schema_name_from_sorts(order_by)?
))?;
};
Ok(schema_name)
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::window_function_schema_name`].
pub fn udaf_default_window_function_schema_name<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
let WindowFunctionParams {
args,
partition_by,
order_by,
window_frame,
filter,
null_treatment,
distinct,
} = params;
let mut schema_name = String::new();
// Inject DISTINCT into the schema name when requested
if *distinct {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}(DISTINCT {})",
func.name(),
schema_name_from_exprs(args)?
))?;
} else {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}({})",
func.name(),
schema_name_from_exprs(args)?
))?;
}
if let Some(null_treatment) = null_treatment {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {null_treatment}"))?;
}
if let Some(filter) = filter {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" FILTER (WHERE {filter})"))?;
}
if !partition_by.is_empty() {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" PARTITION BY [{}]",
schema_name_from_exprs(partition_by)?
))?;
}
if !order_by.is_empty() {
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" ORDER BY [{}]",
schema_name_from_sorts(order_by)?
))?;
}
schema_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {window_frame}"))?;
Ok(schema_name)
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::display_name`].
pub fn udaf_default_display_name<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
params: &AggregateFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
let AggregateFunctionParams {
args,
distinct,
filter,
order_by,
null_treatment,
} = params;
let mut display_name = String::new();
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}({}{})",
func.name(),
if *distinct { "DISTINCT " } else { "" },
expr_vec_fmt!(args)
))?;
if let Some(nt) = null_treatment {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {nt}"))?;
}
if let Some(fe) = filter {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" FILTER (WHERE {fe})"))?;
}
if !order_by.is_empty() {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" ORDER BY [{}]",
order_by
.iter()
.map(|o| format!("{o}"))
.collect::<Vec<String>>()
.join(", ")
))?;
}
Ok(display_name)
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::window_function_display_name`].
pub fn udaf_default_window_function_display_name<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
let WindowFunctionParams {
args,
partition_by,
order_by,
window_frame,
filter,
null_treatment,
distinct,
} = params;
let mut display_name = String::new();
if *distinct {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}(DISTINCT {})",
func.name(),
expr_vec_fmt!(args)
))?;
} else {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
"{}({})",
func.name(),
expr_vec_fmt!(args)
))?;
}
if let Some(null_treatment) = null_treatment {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" {null_treatment}"))?;
}
if let Some(fe) = filter {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(" FILTER (WHERE {fe})"))?;
}
if !partition_by.is_empty() {
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" PARTITION BY [{}]",
expr_vec_fmt!(partition_by)
))?;
}
if !order_by.is_empty() {
display_name
.write_fmt(format_args!(" ORDER BY [{}]", expr_vec_fmt!(order_by)))?;
};
display_name.write_fmt(format_args!(
" {} BETWEEN {} AND {}",
window_frame.units, window_frame.start_bound, window_frame.end_bound
))?;
Ok(display_name)
}
/// Encapsulates default implementation of [`AggregateUDFImpl::return_field`].
pub fn udaf_default_return_field<F: AggregateUDFImpl + ?Sized>(
func: &F,
arg_fields: &[FieldRef],
) -> Result<FieldRef> {
let arg_types: Vec<_> = arg_fields.iter().map(|f| f.data_type()).cloned().collect();
let data_type = func.return_type(&arg_types)?;
Ok(Arc::new(Field::new(
func.name(),
data_type,
func.is_nullable(),
)))
}
pub enum ReversedUDAF {
/// The expression is the same as the original expression, like SUM, COUNT
Identical,
/// The expression does not support reverse calculation
NotSupported,
/// The expression is different from the original expression
Reversed(Arc<AggregateUDF>),
}
/// AggregateUDF that adds an alias to the underlying function. It is better to
/// implement [`AggregateUDFImpl`], which supports aliases, directly if possible.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct AliasedAggregateUDFImpl {
inner: UdfEq<Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>>,
aliases: Vec<String>,
}
impl AliasedAggregateUDFImpl {
pub fn new(
inner: Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>,
new_aliases: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'static str>,
) -> Self {
let mut aliases = inner.aliases().to_vec();
aliases.extend(new_aliases.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()));
Self {
inner: inner.into(),
aliases,
}
}
}
#[warn(clippy::missing_trait_methods)] // Delegates, so it should implement every single trait method
impl AggregateUDFImpl for AliasedAggregateUDFImpl {
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
self
}
fn name(&self) -> &str {
self.inner.name()
}
fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
self.inner.signature()
}
fn return_type(&self, arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
self.inner.return_type(arg_types)
}
fn accumulator(&self, acc_args: AccumulatorArgs) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
self.inner.accumulator(acc_args)
}
fn aliases(&self) -> &[String] {
&self.aliases
}
fn schema_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.schema_name(params)
}
fn human_display(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.human_display(params)
}
fn window_function_schema_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.window_function_schema_name(params)
}
fn display_name(&self, params: &AggregateFunctionParams) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.display_name(params)
}
fn window_function_display_name(
&self,
params: &WindowFunctionParams,
) -> Result<String> {
self.inner.window_function_display_name(params)
}
fn state_fields(&self, args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
self.inner.state_fields(args)
}
fn groups_accumulator_supported(&self, args: AccumulatorArgs) -> bool {
self.inner.groups_accumulator_supported(args)
}
fn create_groups_accumulator(
&self,
args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn GroupsAccumulator>> {
self.inner.create_groups_accumulator(args)
}
fn create_sliding_accumulator(
&self,
args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
self.inner.accumulator(args)
}
fn with_beneficial_ordering(
self: Arc<Self>,
beneficial_ordering: bool,
) -> Result<Option<Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>>> {
Arc::clone(&self.inner)
.with_beneficial_ordering(beneficial_ordering)
.map(|udf| {
udf.map(|udf| {
Arc::new(AliasedAggregateUDFImpl {
inner: udf.into(),
aliases: self.aliases.clone(),
}) as Arc<dyn AggregateUDFImpl>
})
})
}
fn order_sensitivity(&self) -> AggregateOrderSensitivity {
self.inner.order_sensitivity()
}
fn simplify(&self) -> Option<AggregateFunctionSimplification> {
self.inner.simplify()
}
fn reverse_expr(&self) -> ReversedUDAF {
self.inner.reverse_expr()
}
fn coerce_types(&self, arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<Vec<DataType>> {
self.inner.coerce_types(arg_types)
}
fn return_field(&self, arg_fields: &[FieldRef]) -> Result<FieldRef> {
self.inner.return_field(arg_fields)
}
fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.is_nullable()
}
fn is_descending(&self) -> Option<bool> {
self.inner.is_descending()
}
fn value_from_stats(&self, statistics_args: &StatisticsArgs) -> Option<ScalarValue> {
self.inner.value_from_stats(statistics_args)
}
fn default_value(&self, data_type: &DataType) -> Result<ScalarValue> {
self.inner.default_value(data_type)
}
fn supports_null_handling_clause(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.supports_null_handling_clause()
}
fn supports_within_group_clause(&self) -> bool {
self.inner.supports_within_group_clause()
}
fn set_monotonicity(&self, data_type: &DataType) -> SetMonotonicity {
self.inner.set_monotonicity(data_type)
}
fn documentation(&self) -> Option<&Documentation> {
self.inner.documentation()
}
}
/// Indicates whether an aggregation function is monotonic as a set
/// function. A set function is monotonically increasing if its value
/// increases as its argument grows (as a set). Formally, `f` is a
/// monotonically increasing set function if `f(S) >= f(T)` whenever `S`
/// is a superset of `T`.
///
/// For example `COUNT` and `MAX` are monotonically increasing as their
/// values always increase (or stay the same) as new values are seen. On
/// the other hand, `MIN` is monotonically decreasing as its value always
/// decreases or stays the same as new values are seen.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum SetMonotonicity {
/// Aggregate value increases or stays the same as the input set grows.
Increasing,
/// Aggregate value decreases or stays the same as the input set grows.
Decreasing,
/// Aggregate value may increase, decrease, or stay the same as the input
/// set grows.
NotMonotonic,
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use crate::{AggregateUDF, AggregateUDFImpl};
use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, FieldRef};
use datafusion_common::Result;
use datafusion_expr_common::accumulator::Accumulator;
use datafusion_expr_common::signature::{Signature, Volatility};
use datafusion_functions_aggregate_common::accumulator::{
AccumulatorArgs, StateFieldsArgs,
};
use std::any::Any;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher};
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct AMeanUdf {
signature: Signature,
}
impl AMeanUdf {
fn new() -> Self {
Self {
signature: Signature::uniform(
1,
vec![DataType::Float64],
Volatility::Immutable,
),
}
}
}
impl AggregateUDFImpl for AMeanUdf {
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
self
}
fn name(&self) -> &str {
"a"
}
fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
&self.signature
}
fn return_type(&self, _args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn accumulator(
&self,
_acc_args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn state_fields(&self, _args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
unimplemented!()
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct BMeanUdf {
signature: Signature,
}
impl BMeanUdf {
fn new() -> Self {
Self {
signature: Signature::uniform(
1,
vec![DataType::Float64],
Volatility::Immutable,
),
}
}
}
impl AggregateUDFImpl for BMeanUdf {
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
self
}
fn name(&self) -> &str {
"b"
}
fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
&self.signature
}
fn return_type(&self, _args: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn accumulator(
&self,
_acc_args: AccumulatorArgs,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Accumulator>> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn state_fields(&self, _args: StateFieldsArgs) -> Result<Vec<FieldRef>> {
unimplemented!()
}
}
#[test]
fn test_partial_eq() {
let a1 = AggregateUDF::from(AMeanUdf::new());
let a2 = AggregateUDF::from(AMeanUdf::new());
let eq = a1 == a2;
assert!(eq);
assert_eq!(a1, a2);
assert_eq!(hash(a1), hash(a2));
}
#[test]
fn test_partial_ord() {
// Test validates that partial ord is defined for AggregateUDF using the name and signature,
// not intended to exhaustively test all possibilities
let a1 = AggregateUDF::from(AMeanUdf::new());
let a2 = AggregateUDF::from(AMeanUdf::new());
assert_eq!(a1.partial_cmp(&a2), Some(Ordering::Equal));
let b1 = AggregateUDF::from(BMeanUdf::new());
assert!(a1 < b1);
assert!(!(a1 == b1));
}
fn hash<T: Hash>(value: T) -> u64 {
let hasher = &mut DefaultHasher::new();
value.hash(hasher);
hasher.finish()
}
}