src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/function/Failable.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.lang3.function;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.stream.Streams.FailableStream;

/**
 * This class provides utility functions, and classes for working with the {@code java.util.function} package, or more
 * generally, with Java 8 lambdas. More specifically, it attempts to address the fact that lambdas are supposed not to
 * throw Exceptions, at least not checked Exceptions, AKA instances of {@link Exception}. This enforces the use of
 * constructs like:
 *
 * <pre>
 * Consumer&lt;java.lang.reflect.Method-&gt; consumer = m -&gt; {
 *     try {
 *         m.invoke(o, args);
 *     } catch (Throwable t) {
 *         throw Failable.rethrow(t);
 *     }
 * };
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * By replacing a {@link java.util.function.Consumer Consumer&lt;O&gt;} with a {@link FailableConsumer
 * FailableConsumer&lt;O,? extends Throwable&gt;}, this can be written like follows:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * Functions.accept((m) -&gt; m.invoke(o, args));
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * Obviously, the second version is much more concise and the spirit of Lambda expressions is met better than the second
 * version.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 3.11
 */
public class Failable {

    /**
     * Consumes a consumer and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer to consume
     * @param object1 the first object to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param object2 the second object to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument the consumer accepts
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument the consumer accepts
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the consumer may throw
     */
    public static <T, U, E extends Throwable> void accept(final FailableBiConsumer<T, U, E> consumer, final T object1,
        final U object2) {
        run(() -> consumer.accept(object1, object2));
    }

    /**
     * Consumes a consumer and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer to consume
     * @param object the object to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param <T> the type the consumer accepts
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the consumer may throw
     */
    public static <T, E extends Throwable> void accept(final FailableConsumer<T, E> consumer, final T object) {
        run(() -> consumer.accept(object));
    }

    /**
     * Consumes a consumer and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer to consume
     * @param value the value to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the consumer may throw
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> void accept(final FailableDoubleConsumer<E> consumer, final double value) {
        run(() -> consumer.accept(value));
    }

    /**
     * Consumes a consumer and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer to consume
     * @param value the value to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the consumer may throw
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> void accept(final FailableIntConsumer<E> consumer, final int value) {
        run(() -> consumer.accept(value));
    }

    /**
     * Consumes a consumer and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer to consume
     * @param value the value to consume by {@code consumer}
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the consumer may throw
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> void accept(final FailableLongConsumer<E> consumer, final long value) {
        run(() -> consumer.accept(value));
    }

    /**
     * Applies a function and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param function the function to apply
     * @param input1 the first input to apply {@code function} on
     * @param input2 the second input to apply {@code function} on
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument the function accepts
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument the function accepts
     * @param <R> the return type of the function
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the function may throw
     * @return the value returned from the function
     */
    public static <T, U, R, E extends Throwable> R apply(final FailableBiFunction<T, U, R, E> function, final T input1,
        final U input2) {
        return get(() -> function.apply(input1, input2));
    }

    /**
     * Applies a function and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param function the function to apply
     * @param input the input to apply {@code function} on
     * @param <T> the type of the argument the function accepts
     * @param <R> the return type of the function
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the function may throw
     * @return the value returned from the function
     */
    public static <T, R, E extends Throwable> R apply(final FailableFunction<T, R, E> function, final T input) {
        return get(() -> function.apply(input));
    }

    /**
     * Applies a function and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param function the function to apply
     * @param left the first input to apply {@code function} on
     * @param right the second input to apply {@code function} on
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the function may throw
     * @return the value returned from the function
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> double applyAsDouble(final FailableDoubleBinaryOperator<E> function,
        final double left, final double right) {
        return getAsDouble(() -> function.applyAsDouble(left, right));
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableBiConsumer} into a standard {@link BiConsumer}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument of the consumers
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument of the consumers
     * @param consumer a failable {@code BiConsumer}
     * @return a standard {@code BiConsumer}
     */
    public static <T, U> BiConsumer<T, U> asBiConsumer(final FailableBiConsumer<T, U, ?> consumer) {
        return (input1, input2) -> accept(consumer, input1, input2);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableBiFunction} into a standard {@link BiFunction}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument of the input of the functions
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument of the input of the functions
     * @param <R> the type of the output of the functions
     * @param function a {@code FailableBiFunction}
     * @return a standard {@code BiFunction}
     */
    public static <T, U, R> BiFunction<T, U, R> asBiFunction(final FailableBiFunction<T, U, R, ?> function) {
        return (input1, input2) -> apply(function, input1, input2);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableBiPredicate} into a standard {@link BiPredicate}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument used by the predicates
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument used by the predicates
     * @param predicate a {@code FailableBiPredicate}
     * @return a standard {@code BiPredicate}
     */
    public static <T, U> BiPredicate<T, U> asBiPredicate(final FailableBiPredicate<T, U, ?> predicate) {
        return (input1, input2) -> test(predicate, input1, input2);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableCallable} into a standard {@link Callable}.
     *
     * @param <V> the type used by the callables
     * @param callable a {@code FailableCallable}
     * @return a standard {@code Callable}
     */
    public static <V> Callable<V> asCallable(final FailableCallable<V, ?> callable) {
        return () -> call(callable);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableConsumer} into a standard {@link Consumer}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type used by the consumers
     * @param consumer a {@code FailableConsumer}
     * @return a standard {@code Consumer}
     */
    public static <T> Consumer<T> asConsumer(final FailableConsumer<T, ?> consumer) {
        return input -> accept(consumer, input);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableFunction} into a standard {@link Function}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input of the functions
     * @param <R> the type of the output of the functions
     * @param function a {code FailableFunction}
     * @return a standard {@code Function}
     */
    public static <T, R> Function<T, R> asFunction(final FailableFunction<T, R, ?> function) {
        return input -> apply(function, input);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailablePredicate} into a standard {@link Predicate}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type used by the predicates
     * @param predicate a {@code FailablePredicate}
     * @return a standard {@code Predicate}
     */
    public static <T> Predicate<T> asPredicate(final FailablePredicate<T, ?> predicate) {
        return input -> test(predicate, input);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableRunnable} into a standard {@link Runnable}.
     *
     * @param runnable a {@code FailableRunnable}
     * @return a standard {@code Runnable}
     */
    public static Runnable asRunnable(final FailableRunnable<?> runnable) {
        return () -> run(runnable);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link FailableSupplier} into a standard {@link Supplier}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type supplied by the suppliers
     * @param supplier a {@code FailableSupplier}
     * @return a standard {@code Supplier}
     */
    public static <T> Supplier<T> asSupplier(final FailableSupplier<T, ?> supplier) {
        return () -> get(supplier);
    }

    /**
     * Calls a callable and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param callable the callable to call
     * @param <V> the return type of the callable
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the callable may throw
     * @return the value returned from the callable
     */
    public static <V, E extends Throwable> V call(final FailableCallable<V, E> callable) {
        return get(callable::call);
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The supplier to invoke.
     * @param <T> The suppliers output type.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The object, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <T, E extends Throwable> T get(final FailableSupplier<T, E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.get();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a boolean supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The boolean supplier to invoke.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The boolean, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> boolean getAsBoolean(final FailableBooleanSupplier<E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.getAsBoolean();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a double supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The double supplier to invoke.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The double, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> double getAsDouble(final FailableDoubleSupplier<E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.getAsDouble();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes an int supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The int supplier to invoke.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The int, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> int getAsInt(final FailableIntSupplier<E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.getAsInt();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a long supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The long supplier to invoke.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The long, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> long getAsLong(final FailableLongSupplier<E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.getAsLong();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes a short supplier, and returns the result.
     *
     * @param supplier The short supplier to invoke.
     * @param <E> The type of checked exception, which the supplier can throw.
     * @return The short, which has been created by the supplier
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> short getAsShort(final FailableShortSupplier<E> supplier) {
        try {
            return supplier.getAsShort();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Rethrows a {@link Throwable} as an unchecked exception. If the argument is already unchecked, namely a
     * {@code RuntimeException} or {@code Error} then the argument will be rethrown without modification. If the
     * exception is {@code IOException} then it will be wrapped into a {@code UncheckedIOException}. In every other
     * cases the exception will be wrapped into a {@code
     * UndeclaredThrowableException}
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Note that there is a declared return type for this method, even though it never returns. The reason for that is
     * to support the usual pattern:
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * throw rethrow(myUncheckedException);
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * instead of just calling the method. This pattern may help the Java compiler to recognize that at that point an
     * exception will be thrown and the code flow analysis will not demand otherwise mandatory commands that could
     * follow the method call, like a {@code return} statement from a value returning method.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param throwable The throwable to rethrow ossibly wrapped into an unchecked exception
     * @return Never returns anything, this method never terminates normally.
     */
    public static RuntimeException rethrow(final Throwable throwable) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(throwable, "throwable");
        if (throwable instanceof RuntimeException) {
            throw (RuntimeException) throwable;
        }
        if (throwable instanceof Error) {
            throw (Error) throwable;
        }
        if (throwable instanceof IOException) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException((IOException) throwable);
        }
        throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    }

    /**
     * Runs a runnable and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param runnable The runnable to run
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the runnable may throw
     */
    public static <E extends Throwable> void run(final FailableRunnable<E> runnable) {
        try {
            runnable.run();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            throw rethrow(t);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given collection into a {@link FailableStream}. The {@link FailableStream} consists of the
     * collections elements. Shortcut for
     *
     * <pre>
     * Functions.stream(collection.stream());
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param collection The collection, which is being converted into a {@link FailableStream}.
     * @param <E> The collections element type. (In turn, the result streams element type.)
     * @return The created {@link FailableStream}.
     */
    public static <E> FailableStream<E> stream(final Collection<E> collection) {
        return new FailableStream<>(collection.stream());
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given stream into a {@link FailableStream}. The {@link FailableStream} consists of the same
     * elements, than the input stream. However, failable lambdas, like {@link FailablePredicate},
     * {@link FailableFunction}, and {@link FailableConsumer} may be applied, rather than {@link Predicate},
     * {@link Function}, {@link Consumer}, etc.
     *
     * @param stream The stream, which is being converted into a {@link FailableStream}.
     * @param <T> The streams element type.
     * @return The created {@link FailableStream}.
     */
    public static <T> FailableStream<T> stream(final Stream<T> stream) {
        return new FailableStream<>(stream);
    }

    /**
     * Tests a predicate and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param predicate the predicate to test
     * @param object1 the first input to test by {@code predicate}
     * @param object2 the second input to test by {@code predicate}
     * @param <T> the type of the first argument the predicate tests
     * @param <U> the type of the second argument the predicate tests
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the predicate may throw
     * @return the boolean value returned by the predicate
     */
    public static <T, U, E extends Throwable> boolean test(final FailableBiPredicate<T, U, E> predicate,
        final T object1, final U object2) {
        return getAsBoolean(() -> predicate.test(object1, object2));
    }

    /**
     * Tests a predicate and rethrows any exception as a {@link RuntimeException}.
     *
     * @param predicate the predicate to test
     * @param object the input to test by {@code predicate}
     * @param <T> the type of argument the predicate tests
     * @param <E> the type of checked exception the predicate may throw
     * @return the boolean value returned by the predicate
     */
    public static <T, E extends Throwable> boolean test(final FailablePredicate<T, E> predicate, final T object) {
        return getAsBoolean(() -> predicate.test(object));
    }

    /**
     * A simple try-with-resources implementation, that can be used, if your objects do not implement the
     * {@link AutoCloseable} interface. The method executes the {@code action}. The method guarantees, that <em>all</em>
     * the {@code resources} are being executed, in the given order, afterwards, and regardless of success, or failure.
     * If either the original action, or any of the resource action fails, then the <em>first</em> failure (AKA
     * {@link Throwable} is rethrown. Example use:
     *
     * <pre>
     * final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("my.file");
     * Functions.tryWithResources(useInputStream(fis), null, () -&gt; fis.close());
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param action The action to execute. This object <em>will</em> always be invoked.
     * @param errorHandler An optional error handler, which will be invoked finally, if any error occurred. The error
     *        handler will receive the first error, AKA {@link Throwable}.
     * @param resources The resource actions to execute. <em>All</em> resource actions will be invoked, in the given
     *        order. A resource action is an instance of {@link FailableRunnable}, which will be executed.
     * @see #tryWithResources(FailableRunnable, FailableRunnable...)
     */
    @SafeVarargs
    public static void tryWithResources(final FailableRunnable<? extends Throwable> action,
        final FailableConsumer<Throwable, ? extends Throwable> errorHandler,
        final FailableRunnable<? extends Throwable>... resources) {
        final FailableConsumer<Throwable, ? extends Throwable> actualErrorHandler;
        if (errorHandler == null) {
            actualErrorHandler = Failable::rethrow;
        } else {
            actualErrorHandler = errorHandler;
        }
        if (resources != null) {
            for (final FailableRunnable<? extends Throwable> failableRunnable : resources) {
                Objects.requireNonNull(failableRunnable, "runnable");
            }
        }
        Throwable th = null;
        try {
            action.run();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            th = t;
        }
        if (resources != null) {
            for (final FailableRunnable<?> runnable : resources) {
                try {
                    runnable.run();
                } catch (final Throwable t) {
                    if (th == null) {
                        th = t;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (th != null) {
            try {
                actualErrorHandler.accept(th);
            } catch (final Throwable t) {
                throw rethrow(t);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple try-with-resources implementation, that can be used, if your objects do not implement the
     * {@link AutoCloseable} interface. The method executes the {@code action}. The method guarantees, that <em>all</em>
     * the {@code resources} are being executed, in the given order, afterwards, and regardless of success, or failure.
     * If either the original action, or any of the resource action fails, then the <em>first</em> failure (AKA
     * {@link Throwable} is rethrown. Example use:
     *
     * <pre>
     * final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("my.file");
     * Functions.tryWithResources(useInputStream(fis), () -&gt; fis.close());
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param action The action to execute. This object <em>will</em> always be invoked.
     * @param resources The resource actions to execute. <em>All</em> resource actions will be invoked, in the given
     *        order. A resource action is an instance of {@link FailableRunnable}, which will be executed.
     * @see #tryWithResources(FailableRunnable, FailableConsumer, FailableRunnable...)
     */
    @SafeVarargs
    public static void tryWithResources(final FailableRunnable<? extends Throwable> action,
        final FailableRunnable<? extends Throwable>... resources) {
        tryWithResources(action, null, resources);
    }

    private Failable() {
        // empty
    }

}