src/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;

import org.apache.commons.codec.BinaryDecoder;
import org.apache.commons.codec.BinaryEncoder;

/**
 * Abstract superclass for Base-N encoders and decoders.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is not thread-safe.
 * Each thread should use its own instance.
 * </p>
 */
public abstract class BaseNCodec implements BinaryEncoder, BinaryDecoder {

    /**
     *  MIME chunk size per RFC 2045 section 6.8.
     *
     * <p>
     * The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
     * equal signs.
     * </p>
     *
     * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 6.8</a>
     */
    public static final int MIME_CHUNK_SIZE = 76;

    /**
     * PEM chunk size per RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4.
     *
     * <p>
     * The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
     * equal signs.
     * </p>
     *
     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421">RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4</a>
     */
    public static final int PEM_CHUNK_SIZE = 64;

    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR = 2;

    /**
     * Defines the default buffer size - currently {@value}
     * - must be large enough for at least one encoded block+separator
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;

    /** Mask used to extract 8 bits, used in decoding bytes */
    protected static final int MASK_8BITS = 0xff;

    /**
     * Byte used to pad output.
     */
    protected static final byte PAD_DEFAULT = '='; // Allow static access to default
    
    protected final byte PAD = PAD_DEFAULT; // instance variable just in case it needs to vary later

    /** Number of bytes in each full block of unencoded data, e.g. 4 for Base64 and 5 for Base32 */
    private final int unencodedBlockSize;

    /** Number of bytes in each full block of encoded data, e.g. 3 for Base64 and 8 for Base32 */
    private final int encodedBlockSize;

    /**
     * Chunksize for encoding. Not used when decoding. 
     * A value of zero or less implies no chunking of the encoded data.
     * Rounded down to nearest multiple of encodedBlockSize.
     */
    protected final int lineLength;
    
    /**
     * Size of chunk separator. Not used unless {@link #lineLength} > 0. 
     */
    private final int chunkSeparatorLength;

    /**
     * Buffer for streaming.
     */
    protected byte[] buffer;

    /**
     * Position where next character should be written in the buffer.
     */
    protected int pos;

    /**
     * Position where next character should be read from the buffer.
     */
    private int readPos;

    /**
     * Boolean flag to indicate the EOF has been reached. Once EOF has been reached, this object becomes useless,
     * and must be thrown away.
     */
    protected boolean eof;

    /**
     * Variable tracks how many characters have been written to the current line. Only used when encoding. We use it to
     * make sure each encoded line never goes beyond lineLength (if lineLength > 0).
     */
    protected int currentLinePos;

    /**
     * Writes to the buffer only occur after every 3/5 reads when encoding, and every 4/8 reads when decoding.
     * This variable helps track that.
     */
    protected int modulus;

    /**
     * Note <code>lineLength</code> is rounded down to the nearest multiple of {@link #encodedBlockSize}
     * If <code>chunkSeparatorLength</code> is zero, then chunking is disabled.
     * @param unencodedBlockSize the size of an unencoded block (e.g. Base64 = 3)
     * @param encodedBlockSize the size of an encoded block (e.g. Base64 = 4)
     * @param lineLength if &gt; 0, use chunking with a length <code>lineLength</code>
     * @param chunkSeparatorLength the chunk separator length, if relevant
     */
    protected BaseNCodec(int unencodedBlockSize, int encodedBlockSize, int lineLength, int chunkSeparatorLength){
        this.unencodedBlockSize = unencodedBlockSize;
        this.encodedBlockSize = encodedBlockSize;
        this.lineLength = (lineLength > 0  && chunkSeparatorLength > 0) ? (lineLength / encodedBlockSize) * encodedBlockSize : 0;
        this.chunkSeparatorLength = chunkSeparatorLength;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this object has buffered data for reading.
     *
     * @return true if there is data still available for reading.
     */
    boolean hasData() {  // package protected for access from I/O streams
        return this.buffer != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the amount of buffered data available for reading.
     *
     * @return The amount of buffered data available for reading.
     */
    int available() {  // package protected for access from I/O streams
        return buffer != null ? pos - readPos : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Get the default buffer size. Can be overridden.
     *
     * @return {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}
     */
    protected int getDefaultBufferSize() {
        return DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
    }

    /** Increases our buffer by the {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR}. */
    private void resizeBuffer() {
        if (buffer == null) {
            buffer = new byte[getDefaultBufferSize()];
            pos = 0;
            readPos = 0;
        } else {
            byte[] b = new byte[buffer.length * DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR];
            System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, b, 0, buffer.length);
            buffer = b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that the buffer has room for <code>size</code> bytes
     *
     * @param size minimum spare space required
     */
    protected void ensureBufferSize(int size){
        if ((buffer == null) || (buffer.length < pos + size)){
            resizeBuffer();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Extracts buffered data into the provided byte[] array, starting at position bPos, 
     * up to a maximum of bAvail bytes. Returns how many bytes were actually extracted.
     *
     * @param b
     *            byte[] array to extract the buffered data into.
     * @param bPos
     *            position in byte[] array to start extraction at.
     * @param bAvail
     *            amount of bytes we're allowed to extract. We may extract fewer (if fewer are available).
     * @return The number of bytes successfully extracted into the provided byte[] array.
     */
    int readResults(byte[] b, int bPos, int bAvail) {  // package protected for access from I/O streams
        if (buffer != null) {
            int len = Math.min(available(), bAvail);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, readPos, b, bPos, len);
            readPos += len;
            if (readPos >= pos) {
                buffer = null; // so hasData() will return false, and this method can return -1
            }
            return len;
        }
        return eof ? -1 : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a byte value is whitespace or not.
     * Whitespace is taken to mean: space, tab, CR, LF
     * @param byteToCheck
     *            the byte to check
     * @return true if byte is whitespace, false otherwise
     */
    protected static boolean isWhiteSpace(byte byteToCheck) {
        switch (byteToCheck) {
            case ' ' :
            case '\n' :
            case '\r' :
            case '\t' :
                return true;
            default :
                return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resets this object to its initial newly constructed state.
     */
    private void reset() {
        buffer = null;
        pos = 0;
        readPos = 0;
        currentLinePos = 0;
        modulus = 0;
        eof = false;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a String containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            a byte array containing binary data
     * @return A String containing only Base-N character data
     */
    public String encodeToString(byte[] pArray) {
        return StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encode(pArray));
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a String containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            A String containing Base-N character data
     * @return a byte array containing binary data
     */
    public byte[] decode(String pArray) {
        return decode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(pArray));
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a byte[] containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     * 
     * @param pArray
     *            A byte array containing Base-N character data
     * @return a byte array containing binary data
     */
    public byte[] decode(byte[] pArray) {
        reset();
        if (pArray == null || pArray.length == 0) {
            return pArray;
        }
        decode(pArray, 0, pArray.length);
        decode(pArray, 0, -1); // Notify decoder of EOF.
        byte[] result = new byte[pos];
        readResults(result, 0, result.length);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a byte[] containing characters in the alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            a byte array containing binary data
     * @return A byte array containing only the basen alphabetic character data
     */
    public byte[] encode(byte[] pArray) {
        reset();        
        if (pArray == null || pArray.length == 0) {
            return pArray;
        }
        encode(pArray, 0, pArray.length);
        encode(pArray, 0, -1); // Notify encoder of EOF.
        byte[] buf = new byte[pos - readPos];
        readResults(buf, 0, buf.length);
        return buf;
    }
    
    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a String containing characters in the appropriate alphabet.
     * Uses UTF8 encoding.
     *
     * @param pArray a byte array containing binary data
     * @return String containing only character data in the appropriate alphabet.
    */
    public String encodeAsString(byte[] pArray){
        return StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encode(pArray));
    }

    abstract void encode(byte[] pArray, int i, int length);  // package protected for access from I/O streams

    abstract void decode(byte[] pArray, int i, int length); // package protected for access from I/O streams
    
    /**
     * Returns whether or not the <code>octet</code> is in the current alphabet.
     * Does not allow whitespace or pad.
     *
     * @param value The value to test
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the value is defined in the current alphabet, <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    protected abstract boolean isInAlphabet(byte value);
    
    /**
     * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the alphabet.
     * The method optionally treats whitespace and pad as valid.
     *
     * @param arrayOctet byte array to test
     * @param allowWSPad if <code>true</code>, then whitespace and PAD are also allowed
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if all bytes are valid characters in the alphabet or if the byte array is empty;
     *         <code>false</code>, otherwise
     */    
    public boolean isInAlphabet(byte[] arrayOctet, boolean allowWSPad) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arrayOctet.length; i++) {
            if (!isInAlphabet(arrayOctet[i]) &&
                    (!allowWSPad || (arrayOctet[i] != PAD) && !isWhiteSpace(arrayOctet[i]))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Tests a given String to see if it contains only valid characters within the alphabet. 
     * The method treats whitespace and PAD as valid.
     *
     * @param basen String to test
     * @return <code>true</code> if all characters in the String are valid characters in the alphabet or if
     *         the String is empty; <code>false</code>, otherwise
     * @see #isInAlphabet(byte[], boolean)
     */
    public boolean isInAlphabet(String basen) {
        return isInAlphabet(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(basen), true);
    }

    /**
     * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains any characters within the alphabet or PAD.
     *
     * Intended for use in checking line-ending arrays
     *
     * @param arrayOctet
     *            byte array to test
     * @return <code>true</code> if any byte is a valid character in the alphabet or PAD; <code>false</code> otherwise
     */
    protected boolean containsAlphabetOrPad(byte[] arrayOctet) {
        if (arrayOctet == null) {
            return false;
        }
        for (byte element : arrayOctet) {
            if (PAD == element || isInAlphabet(element)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the amount of space needed to encode the supplied array.
     *
     * @param pArray byte[] array which will later be encoded
     *
     * @return amount of space needed to encoded the supplied array.  
     * Returns a long since a max-len array will require > Integer.MAX_VALUE
     */
    public long getEncodedLength(byte[] pArray) {
        // Calculate non-chunked size - rounded up to allow for padding
        // cast to long is needed to avoid possibility of overflow
        long len = ((pArray.length + unencodedBlockSize-1)  / unencodedBlockSize) * (long) encodedBlockSize;
        if (lineLength > 0) { // We're using chunking
            // Round up to nearest multiple
            len += ((len + lineLength-1) / lineLength) * chunkSeparatorLength;
        }
        return len;
    }
}