src/test/regress/sql/transactions.sql

--
-- TRANSACTIONS
--

BEGIN;

SELECT *
   INTO TABLE xacttest
   FROM aggtest;

INSERT INTO xacttest (a, b) VALUES (777, 777.777);

END;

-- should retrieve one value--
SELECT a FROM xacttest WHERE a > 100;


BEGIN;

CREATE TABLE disappear (a int4);

DELETE FROM aggtest;

-- should be empty
SELECT * FROM aggtest;

ABORT;

-- should not exist
SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'disappear';

-- should have members again
SELECT * FROM aggtest;


-- Read-only tests

CREATE TABLE writetest (a int);
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temptest (a int);

BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ ONLY, DEFERRABLE; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT x;
SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
SAVEPOINT y;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
RELEASE SAVEPOINT y;
SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
COMMIT;

SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

DROP TABLE writetest; -- fail
INSERT INTO writetest VALUES (1); -- fail
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
DELETE FROM temptest; -- ok
UPDATE temptest SET a = 0 FROM writetest WHERE temptest.a = 1 AND writetest.a = temptest.a; -- ok
PREPARE test AS UPDATE writetest SET a = 0; -- ok
EXECUTE test; -- fail
SELECT * FROM writetest, temptest; -- ok
CREATE TABLE test AS SELECT * FROM writetest; -- fail

START TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
DROP TABLE writetest; -- ok
COMMIT;

-- Subtransactions, basic tests
-- create & drop tables
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
CREATE TABLE trans_foobar (a int);
BEGIN;
	CREATE TABLE trans_foo (a int);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		DROP TABLE trans_foo;
		CREATE TABLE trans_bar (a int);
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	SAVEPOINT two;
		CREATE TABLE trans_baz (a int);
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
	drop TABLE trans_foobar;
	CREATE TABLE trans_barbaz (a int);
COMMIT;
-- should exist: trans_barbaz, trans_baz, trans_foo
SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should be empty
SELECT * FROM trans_bar;		-- shouldn't exist
SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should be empty
SELECT * FROM trans_baz;		-- should be empty

-- inserts
BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (1);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT into trans_bar VALUES (1);
	ROLLBACK TO one;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	SAVEPOINT two;
		INSERT into trans_barbaz VALUES (1);
	RELEASE two;
	SAVEPOINT three;
		SAVEPOINT four;
			INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (2);
		RELEASE SAVEPOINT four;
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT three;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT three;
	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (3);
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should have 1 and 3
SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should have 1

-- test whole-tree commit
BEGIN;
	SAVEPOINT one;
		SELECT trans_foo;
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	SAVEPOINT two;
		CREATE TABLE savepoints (a int);
		SAVEPOINT three;
			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (1);
			SAVEPOINT four;
				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (2);
				SAVEPOINT five;
					INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (3);
				ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT five;
COMMIT;
COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block
SELECT * FROM savepoints;

-- test whole-tree rollback
BEGIN;
	SAVEPOINT one;
		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	SAVEPOINT two;
		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
		SAVEPOINT three;
			DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=2;
ROLLBACK;
COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block

SELECT * FROM savepoints;

-- test whole-tree commit on an aborted subtransaction
BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (4);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (5);
		SELECT trans_foo;
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM savepoints;

BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (6);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (9);
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (10);
COMMIT;
-- CBDB: 6, 9, 10 are routed to the same segment(numseg=3)
-- rows 6 and 10 should have been created by the same xact
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=10;
-- rows 6 and 9 should have been created by different xacts
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=9;
-- CBDB: delete 9, 10, so the following test is not interferred.
DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a in (9, 10);

BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (9);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (10);
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (11);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a in (9, 10, 11);
-- rows 9 and 11 should have been created by different xacts
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=9 AND b.a=11;

BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (12);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (13);
		SAVEPOINT two;
			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (14);
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (15);
		SAVEPOINT two;
			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (16);
			SAVEPOINT three;
				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (17);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 12 AND 17;

BEGIN;
	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (18);
	SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (19);
		SAVEPOINT two;
			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (20);
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (21);
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (22);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 18 AND 22;

DROP TABLE savepoints;

-- only in a transaction block:
SAVEPOINT one;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;

-- Only "rollback to" allowed in aborted state
BEGIN;
  SAVEPOINT one;
  SELECT 0/0;
  SAVEPOINT two;    -- ignored till the end of ...
  RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;      -- ignored till the end of ...
  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
  SELECT 1;
COMMIT;
SELECT 1;			-- this should work

-- check non-transactional behavior of cursors
BEGIN;
	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
	SAVEPOINT one;
		FETCH 10 FROM c;
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
		FETCH 10 FROM c;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
	FETCH 10 FROM c;
	CLOSE c;
	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2/0 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
	SAVEPOINT two;
		FETCH 10 FROM c;
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
	-- c is now dead to the world ...
		FETCH 10 FROM c;
	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
	FETCH 10 FROM c;
COMMIT;

--
-- Check that "stable" functions are really stable.  They should not be
-- able to see the partial results of the calling query.  (Ideally we would
-- also check that they don't see commits of concurrent transactions, but
-- that's a mite hard to do within the limitations of pg_regress.)
--
select * from xacttest;

create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
'select max(a) from xacttest' stable READS SQL DATA;

begin;
update xacttest set a = (select max_xacttest()) + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;

-- start_ignore
-- CBDB: The following test expects to evaluate max_xacttest() for each
-- updated tuple. The result of max_xacttest() is updated every time
-- when it's evaluated. So, it can't be run on QD process.

-- But a volatile function can see the partial results of the calling query
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
'select max(a) from xacttest' volatile READS SQL DATA;

begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
-- end_ignore

-- Now the same test with plpgsql (since it depends on SPI which is different)
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' stable READS SQL DATA;

begin;
update xacttest set a = (select max_xacttest()) + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;

-- start_ignore
-- CBDB: The following test expects to evaluate max_xacttest() for each
-- updated tuple. The result of max_xacttest() is updated every time
-- when it's evaluated. So, it can't be run on QD process.

create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' volatile READS SQL DATA;

begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
-- end_ignore


-- test case for problems with dropping an open relation during abort
BEGIN;
	savepoint x;
		CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
	rollback to x;

	CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
ROLLBACK;

DROP TABLE trans_foo;
DROP TABLE trans_baz;
DROP TABLE trans_barbaz;


-- test case for problems with revalidating an open relation during abort
create function inverse(int) returns float8 as
$$
begin
  analyze revalidate_bug;
  return 1::float8/$1;
exception
  when division_by_zero then return 0;
end$$ language plpgsql volatile;

create table revalidate_bug (c float8 unique);
insert into revalidate_bug values (1);
insert into revalidate_bug values (inverse(0));

drop table revalidate_bug;
drop function inverse(int);


-- verify that cursors created during an aborted subtransaction are
-- closed, but that we do not rollback the effect of any FETCHs
-- performed in the aborted subtransaction
begin;

savepoint x;
create table abc (a int);
insert into abc values (5);
insert into abc values (10);
declare foo cursor for select * from abc;
fetch from foo;
rollback to x;

-- should fail
fetch from foo;
commit;

begin;

create table abc (a int);
insert into abc values (5);
insert into abc values (10);
insert into abc values (15);
declare foo cursor for select * from abc;

-- CBDB: the order of value is not guaranteed
-- start_ignore
fetch from foo;
-- end_ignore

savepoint x;
-- start_ignore
fetch from foo;
-- end_ignore
rollback to x;

-- start_ignore
fetch from foo;
-- end_ignore

abort;


-- Test for proper cleanup after a failure in a cursor portal
-- that was created in an outer subtransaction
CREATE FUNCTION invert(x float8) RETURNS float8 LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$$ begin return 1/x; end $$;

CREATE FUNCTION create_temp_tab() RETURNS text
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
  CREATE TEMP TABLE new_table (f1 float8);
  -- case of interest is that we fail while holding an open
  -- relcache reference to new_table
  INSERT INTO new_table SELECT invert(0.0);
  RETURN 'foo';
END $$;

BEGIN;
DECLARE ok CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
DECLARE ctt CURSOR FOR SELECT create_temp_tab();
-- start_ignore
FETCH ok;
-- end_ignore
SAVEPOINT s1;
-- start_ignore
FETCH ok;  -- should work
-- end_ignore
FETCH ctt; -- error occurs here
ROLLBACK TO s1;
-- start_ignore
FETCH ok;  -- should work
-- end_ignore
FETCH ctt; -- must be rejected
COMMIT;

DROP FUNCTION create_temp_tab();
DROP FUNCTION invert(x float8);


-- Tests for AND CHAIN

CREATE TABLE abc (a int);

-- set nondefault value so we have something to override below
SET default_transaction_read_only = on;

START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (2);
COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_END
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES ('error');
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (3);  -- check it's really aborted
COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (4);
COMMIT;

START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
SAVEPOINT x;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES ('error');
COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (5);
COMMIT;

START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
SAVEPOINT x;
COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
COMMIT;

-- different mix of options just for fun
START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ WRITE, NOT DEFERRABLE;
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (6);
ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
INSERT INTO abc VALUES ('error');
ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
SHOW transaction_isolation;
SHOW transaction_read_only;
SHOW transaction_deferrable;
ROLLBACK;

-- not allowed outside a transaction block
COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error

SELECT * FROM abc ORDER BY 1;

RESET default_transaction_read_only;

DROP TABLE abc;


-- Test assorted behaviors around the implicit transaction block created
-- when multiple SQL commands are sent in a single Query message.  These
-- tests rely on the fact that psql will not break SQL commands apart at a
-- backslash-quoted semicolon, but will send them as one Query.

create temp table i_table (f1 int);

-- psql will show only the last result in a multi-statement Query
SELECT 1\; SELECT 2\; SELECT 3;

-- this implicitly commits:
insert into i_table values(1)\; select * from i_table;
-- 1/0 error will cause rolling back the whole implicit transaction
insert into i_table values(2)\; select * from i_table\; select 1/0;
select * from i_table;

rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point

-- can use regular begin/commit/rollback within a single Query
begin\; insert into i_table values(3)\; commit;
rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
begin\; insert into i_table values(4)\; rollback;
rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point

-- begin converts implicit transaction into a regular one that
-- can extend past the end of the Query
select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(5);
commit;
select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(6);
rollback;

-- commit in implicit-transaction state commits but issues a warning.
insert into i_table values(7)\; commit\; insert into i_table values(8)\; select 1/0;
-- similarly, rollback aborts but issues a warning.
insert into i_table values(9)\; rollback\; select 2;

select * from i_table;

rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point

-- implicit transaction block is still a transaction block, for e.g. VACUUM
SELECT 1\; VACUUM;
SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; VACUUM;

-- we disallow savepoint-related commands in implicit-transaction state
SELECT 1\; SAVEPOINT sp;
SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; SAVEPOINT sp;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 2;
SELECT 2\; RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 3;

-- but this is OK, because the BEGIN converts it to a regular xact
SELECT 1\; BEGIN\; SAVEPOINT sp\; ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; COMMIT;


-- Tests for AND CHAIN in implicit transaction blocks

SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
SHOW transaction_read_only;

SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error
SHOW transaction_read_only;

CREATE TABLE abc (a int);

-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (7)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (8)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 7 commit, 8 error
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (9)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (10)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 9 rollback, 10 error

-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN + COMMIT/ROLLBACK
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (11)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (12)\; COMMIT;  -- 11 error, 12 not reached
INSERT INTO abc VALUES (13)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (14)\; ROLLBACK;  -- 13 error, 14 not reached

-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (15)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 15 ok
SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
COMMIT;

START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (16)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 16 ok
SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
ROLLBACK;

SET default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed';

-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (17)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (18)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 17 commit, 18 error
SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block

START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (19)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO abc VALUES (20)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 19 rollback, 20 error
SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block

RESET default_transaction_isolation;

SELECT * FROM abc ORDER BY 1;

DROP TABLE abc;


-- Test for successful cleanup of an aborted transaction at session exit.
-- THIS MUST BE THE LAST TEST IN THIS FILE.

begin;
select 1/0;
rollback to X;

-- DO NOT ADD ANYTHING HERE.