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| <article class="doc"> |
| <a name="section-top"></a> |
| <h1 class="page">Transactions and Errors</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In Apache Isis, every interaction (action invocation or property edit) is automatically wrapped in a transaction, and any repository query automatically does a flush before hand.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>What that means is that there’s no need to explicitly start or commit transactions in Apache Isis; this will be done for you. |
| Indeed, if you do try to manage transactions (eg by reaching into the JDO <code>PersistenceManager</code> exposed by the <a href="../../../../pjdo/2.0.0-M3/services/IsisJdoSupport.html" class="page">IsisJdoSupport</a> domain service, then you are likely to confuse the framework and get a stack trace for your trouble.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>However, you can complete a given transaction and start a new one. |
| This is sometimes useful if writing a <a href="../../../../testing/2.0.0-M3/fixtures/about.html#fixture-scripts" class="page">fixture script</a> which is going to perform some sort of bulk migration of data from an old system. |
| For this use case, use the <a href="../../../../refguide/2.0.0-M3/applib-svc/TransactionService.html" class="page"><code>TransactionService</code></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">public class SomeLongRunningFixtureScript extends FixtureScript |
| |
| protected void execute(final ExecutionContext executionContext) { |
| // do some work |
| transactionService.nextTransaction(); |
| // do some work |
| transactionService.nextTransaction(); |
| // do yet more work |
| } |
| |
| @javax.inject.Inject |
| TransactionService transactionService; |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="raise-message-in-the-ui"><a class="anchor" href="#raise-message-in-the-ui"></a>Raise message in the UI</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The framework provides the <a href="../../../../refguide/2.0.0-M3/applib-svc/MessageService.html" class="page"><code>MessageService</code></a> as a means to return an out-of-band message to the end-user. |
| In the <a href="../../../../vw/2.0.0-M3/about.html" class="page">Wicket viewer</a> these are shown as "toast" pop-ups; the |
| <a href="../../../../vro/2.0.0-M3/about.html" class="page">Restful Objects viewer</a> returns an HTTP header.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <code>UserService</code> provides three APIs, for different:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>informUser()</code> - an informational message. |
| In the Wicket viewer these are short-lived pop-ups that disappear after a short time.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>warnUser()</code> - a warning. |
| In the Wicket viewer these do not auto-close; they must be acknowledged.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>raiseError()</code> - an error. |
| In the Wicket viewer these do not auto-close; they must be acknowledged.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each pop-up has a different background colour indicating its severity.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>None of these messages/errors has any influence on the transaction; any changes to objects will be committed.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="aborting-transactions"><a class="anchor" href="#aborting-transactions"></a>Aborting transactions</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If you want to abort Apache Isis' transaction, this can be done by throwing an exception. |
| The exception message is displayed to the user on the error page (if <a href="../../../../vw/2.0.0-M3/about.html" class="page">Wicket viewer</a>) or a 500 status error code (if the |
| <a href="../../../../vro/2.0.0-M3/about.html" class="page">Restful Objects</a> viewer).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the exception thrown is because of an unexpected error (eg a <code>NullPointerException</code> in the domain app itself), then the error page will include a stack trace. |
| If however you want to indicate that the exception is in some sense "expected", then throw a <code>RecoverableException</code> (or any subclass, eg <code>ApplicationException</code>); the stack trace will then be suppressed from the error page.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Another way in which exceptions might be considered "expected" could be as the result of attempting to persist an object which then violates some type of database constraint. |
| Even if the domain application checks beforehand, it could be that another user operating on the object at the same moment of time might result in the conflict.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To handle this the <a href="../../../../refguide/2.0.0-M3/applib-svc/ExceptionRecognizerService.html" class="page"><code>ExceptionRecognizer</code></a> SPI can be used. |
| The framework provides a number of implementations out-of-the-box; whenever an exception is thrown it is passed to each known recognizer implementation to see if it recognizes the exception and can return a user-meaningful error message. |
| For example, <code>ExceptionRecognizerForSQLIntegrityConstraintViolationUniqueOrIndexException</code> checks if the exception inherits from <code>java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException</code>, and if so, constructs a suitable message.</p> |
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