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| <main class="article default-main full-800" data-ceiling="topbar"> |
| <div class="article-banner"> |
| <p>You are viewing the documentation for a prerelease version.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="article-header"> |
| <nav class="crumbs" aria-label="breadcrumbs"> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="crumb">Cassandra</li> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="index.html">Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="json.html">JSON</a></li> |
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| </div> |
| <article class="doc"> |
| <h1 class="page">JSON Support</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Cassandra 2.2 introduced JSON support to <code>SELECT <select-statement></code> and |
| <code>INSERT <insert-statement></code> statements. |
| This support does not fundamentally alter the CQL API (for example, the schema is still |
| enforced). |
| It simply provides a convenient way to work with JSON documents.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="select-json"><a class="anchor" href="#select-json"></a>SELECT JSON</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With <code>SELECT</code> statements, the <code>JSON</code> keyword is used to return each row as a single <code>JSON</code> encoded map. |
| The remainder of the <code>SELECT</code> statement behavior is the same.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The result map keys match the column names in a normal result set. |
| For example, a statement like <code>SELECT JSON a, ttl(b) FROM …​</code> would result in a map with keys <code>"a"</code> and <code>"ttl(b)"</code>. |
| However, there is one notable exception: for symmetry with <code>INSERT JSON</code> behavior, case-sensitive column names with upper-case letters will be surrounded with double quotes. |
| For example, <code>SELECT JSON myColumn FROM …​</code> would result in a map key <code>"\"myColumn\""</code> with escaped quotes).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The map values will JSON-encoded representations (as described below) of the result set values.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="insert-json"><a class="anchor" href="#insert-json"></a>INSERT JSON</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With <code>INSERT</code> statements, the new <code>JSON</code> keyword can be used to enable |
| inserting a <code>JSON</code> encoded map as a single row. The format of the <code>JSON</code> |
| map should generally match that returned by a <code>SELECT JSON</code> statement on |
| the same table. In particular, case-sensitive column names should be |
| surrounded with double quotes. For example, to insert into a table with |
| two columns named "myKey" and "value", you would do the following:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-cql hljs" data-lang="cql">INSERT INTO mytable JSON '{ "\"myKey\"": 0, "value": 0}';</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By default (or if <code>DEFAULT NULL</code> is explicitly used), a column omitted |
| from the <code>JSON</code> map will be set to <code>NULL</code>, meaning that any pre-existing |
| value for that column will be removed (resulting in a tombstone being |
| created). Alternatively, if the <code>DEFAULT UNSET</code> directive is used after |
| the value, omitted column values will be left unset, meaning that |
| pre-existing values for those column will be preserved.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types"><a class="anchor" href="#json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types"></a>JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data Types</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where possible, Cassandra will represent and accept data types in their |
| native <code>JSON</code> representation. Cassandra will also accept string |
| representations matching the CQL literal format for all single-field |
| types. For example, floats, ints, UUIDs, and dates can be represented by |
| CQL literal strings. However, compound types, such as collections, |
| tuples, and user-defined types must be represented by native <code>JSON</code> |
| collections (maps and lists) or a JSON-encoded string representation of |
| the collection.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following table describes the encodings that Cassandra will accept |
| in <code>INSERT JSON</code> values (and <code>from_json()</code> arguments) as well as the |
| format Cassandra will use when returning data for <code>SELECT JSON</code> |
| statements (and <code>from_json()</code>):</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Formats accepted</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Return format</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Notes</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ascii</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s <code>\u</code> character escape</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>bigint</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid 64 bit integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>blob</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String should be 0x followed by an even number of hex digits</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>boolean</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">boolean, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">boolean</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be "true" or "false"</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>date</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Date in format <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>, timezone UTC</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>decimal</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, float, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">May exceed 32 or 64-bit IEEE-754 floating point precision in client-side decoder</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>double</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, float, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid integer or float</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>float</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, float, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid integer or float</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>inet</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">IPv4 or IPv6 address</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>int</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid 32 bit integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>list</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s native list representation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>map</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">map, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">map</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s native map representation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>smallint</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid 16 bit integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>set</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s native list representation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>text</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s <code>\u</code> character escape</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>time</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Time of day in format <code>HH-MM-SS[.fffffffff]</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>timestamp</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A timestamp. Strings constant allows to input <code>timestamps |
| as dates <timestamps></code>. Datestamps with format <code>YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS</code> |
| are returned.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>timeuuid</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Type 1 UUID. See <code>constant</code> for the UUID format</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>tinyint</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">String must be valid 8 bit integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>tuple</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s native list representation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UDT</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">map, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">map</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s native map representation with field names as keys</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>uuid</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">See <code>constant</code> for the UUID format</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>varchar</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Uses JSON’s <code>\u</code> character escape</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>varint</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer, string</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Variable length; may overflow 32 or 64 bit integers in client-side decoder</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="the-from_json-function"><a class="anchor" href="#the-from_json-function"></a>The from_json() Function</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <code>from_json()</code> function may be used similarly to <code>INSERT JSON</code>, but |
| for a single column value. It may only be used in the <code>VALUES</code> clause of |
| an <code>INSERT</code> statement or as one of the column values in an <code>UPDATE</code>, |
| <code>DELETE</code>, or <code>SELECT</code> statement. For example, it cannot be used in the |
| selection clause of a <code>SELECT</code> statement.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="the-to_json-function"><a class="anchor" href="#the-to_json-function"></a>The to_json() Function</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <code>to_json()</code> function may be used similarly to <code>SELECT JSON</code>, but for |
| a single column value. It may only be used in the selection clause of a |
| <code>SELECT</code> statement.</p> |
| </div> |
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