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| <main class="article default-main full-800" data-ceiling="topbar"> |
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| <p>You are viewing the documentation for a prerelease version.</p> |
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| <ul> |
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| </div> |
| <article class="doc"> |
| <h1 class="page">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</h1> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="bootstrap"><a class="anchor" href="#bootstrap"></a>Bootstrap</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Adding new nodes is called "bootstrapping". The <code>num_tokens</code> parameter |
| will define the amount of virtual nodes (tokens) the joining node will |
| be assigned during bootstrap. The tokens define the sections of the ring |
| (token ranges) the node will become responsible for.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="token-allocation"><a class="anchor" href="#token-allocation"></a>Token allocation</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With the default token allocation algorithm the new node will pick |
| <code>num_tokens</code> random tokens to become responsible for. Since tokens are |
| distributed randomly, load distribution improves with a higher amount of |
| virtual nodes, but it also increases token management overhead. The |
| default of 256 virtual nodes should provide a reasonable load balance |
| with acceptable overhead.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>On 3.0+ a new token allocation algorithm was introduced to allocate |
| tokens based on the load of existing virtual nodes for a given keyspace, |
| and thus yield an improved load distribution with a lower number of |
| tokens. To use this approach, the new node must be started with the JVM |
| option <code>-Dcassandra.allocate_tokens_for_keyspace=<keyspace></code>, where |
| <code><keyspace></code> is the keyspace from which the algorithm can find the load |
| information to optimize token assignment for.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="manual-token-assignment"><a class="anchor" href="#manual-token-assignment"></a>Manual token assignment</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>You may specify a comma-separated list of tokens manually with the |
| <code>initial_token</code> <code>cassandra.yaml</code> parameter, and if that is specified |
| Cassandra will skip the token allocation process. This may be useful |
| when doing token assignment with an external tool or when restoring a |
| node with its previous tokens.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="range-streaming"><a class="anchor" href="#range-streaming"></a>Range streaming</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>After the tokens are allocated, the joining node will pick current |
| replicas of the token ranges it will become responsible for to stream |
| data from. By default it will stream from the primary replica of each |
| token range in order to guarantee data in the new node will be |
| consistent with the current state.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the case of any unavailable replica, the consistent bootstrap process |
| will fail. To override this behavior and potentially miss data from an |
| unavailable replica, set the JVM flag |
| <code>-Dcassandra.consistent.rangemovement=false</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="resuming-failedhanged-bootstrap"><a class="anchor" href="#resuming-failedhanged-bootstrap"></a>Resuming failed/hanged bootstrap</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>On 2.2+, if the bootstrap process fails, it’s possible to resume |
| bootstrap from the previous saved state by calling |
| <code>nodetool bootstrap resume</code>. If for some reason the bootstrap hangs or |
| stalls, it may also be resumed by simply restarting the node. In order |
| to cleanup bootstrap state and start fresh, you may set the JVM startup |
| flag <code>-Dcassandra.reset_bootstrap_progress=true</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>On lower versions, when the bootstrap proces fails it is recommended to |
| wipe the node (remove all the data), and restart the bootstrap process |
| again.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="manual-bootstrapping"><a class="anchor" href="#manual-bootstrapping"></a>Manual bootstrapping</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It’s possible to skip the bootstrapping process entirely and join the |
| ring straight away by setting the hidden parameter |
| <code>auto_bootstrap: false</code>. This may be useful when restoring a node from a |
| backup or creating a new data-center.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="removing-nodes"><a class="anchor" href="#removing-nodes"></a>Removing nodes</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>You can take a node out of the cluster with <code>nodetool decommission</code> to a |
| live node, or <code>nodetool removenode</code> (to any other machine) to remove a |
| dead one. This will assign the ranges the old node was responsible for |
| to other nodes, and replicate the appropriate data there. If |
| decommission is used, the data will stream from the decommissioned node. |
| If removenode is used, the data will stream from the remaining replicas.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>No data is removed automatically from the node being decommissioned, so |
| if you want to put the node back into service at a different token on |
| the ring, it should be removed manually.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="moving-nodes"><a class="anchor" href="#moving-nodes"></a>Moving nodes</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When <code>num_tokens: 1</code> it’s possible to move the node position in the ring |
| with <code>nodetool move</code>. Moving is both a convenience over and more |
| efficient than decommission + bootstrap. After moving a node, |
| <code>nodetool cleanup</code> should be run to remove any unnecessary data.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="replacing-a-dead-node"><a class="anchor" href="#replacing-a-dead-node"></a>Replacing a dead node</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In order to replace a dead node, start cassandra with the JVM startup |
| flag <code>-Dcassandra.replace_address_first_boot=<dead_node_ip></code>. Once this |
| property is enabled the node starts in a hibernate state, during which |
| all the other nodes will see this node to be DOWN (DN), however this |
| node will see itself as UP (UN). Accurate replacement state can be found |
| in <code>nodetool netstats</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The replacing node will now start to bootstrap the data from the rest of |
| the nodes in the cluster. A replacing node will only receive writes |
| during the bootstrapping phase if it has a different ip address to the |
| node that is being replaced. (See CASSANDRA-8523 and CASSANDRA-12344)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Once the bootstrapping is complete the node will be marked "UP".</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If any of the following cases apply, you <strong>MUST</strong> run repair to make the |
| replaced node consistent again, since it missed ongoing writes |
| during/prior to bootstrapping. The <em>replacement</em> timeframe refers to the |
| period from when the node initially dies to when a new node completes |
| the replacement process.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>The node is down for longer than <code>max_hint_window</code> before being |
| replaced.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>You are replacing using the same IP address as the dead node <strong>and</strong> |
| replacement takes longer than <code>max_hint_window</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="monitoring-progress"><a class="anchor" href="#monitoring-progress"></a>Monitoring progress</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Bootstrap, replace, move and remove progress can be monitored using |
| <code>nodetool netstats</code> which will show the progress of the streaming |
| operations.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="cleanup-data-after-range-movements"><a class="anchor" href="#cleanup-data-after-range-movements"></a>Cleanup data after range movements</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As a safety measure, Cassandra does not automatically remove data from |
| nodes that "lose" part of their token range due to a range movement |
| operation (bootstrap, move, replace). Run <code>nodetool cleanup</code> on the |
| nodes that lost ranges to the joining node when you are satisfied the |
| new node is up and working. If you do not do this the old data will |
| still be counted against the load on that node.</p> |
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