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| <main class="article default-main full-800" data-ceiling="topbar"> |
| <div class="article-banner"> |
| <p>You are viewing the documentation for a prerelease version.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="article-header"> |
| <nav class="crumbs" aria-label="breadcrumbs"> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="../../index.html">Cassandra</a></li> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="mtlsauthenticators.html">Getting started with mTLS authenticators</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </nav> |
| <div class="tools" role="navigation"> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="tool edit"><a href="https://github.com/apache/cassandra/edit/cassandra-5.0/doc/modules/cassandra/pages/getting-started/mtlsauthenticators.adoc" title="Edit Page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| </div> |
| <article class="doc"> |
| <h1 class="page">Getting started with mTLS authenticators</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When a certificate based authentication protocol like TLS is used for client and |
| Internode connections, <code>MutualTlsAuthenticator</code> & <code>MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator</code> |
| can be used for the authentication by leveraging the client certificates from the |
| SSL handshake.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>After SSL handshake, identity from the client certificates is extracted and only |
| authorized users will be granted access.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="what-is-an-identity"><a class="anchor" href="#what-is-an-identity"></a>What is an Identity</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Operators can define their own identity for certificates by extracting some fields or |
| information from the certificates. Implementing the interface <code>MutualTlsCertificateValidator</code> |
| supports validating & extracting identities from the certificates that can be used by |
| <code>MutualTlsAuthenticator</code> and <code>MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator</code> to customize for the |
| certificate conventions used in the deployment environment.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is a default implementation of <code>MutualTlsCertificateValidator</code> with |
| <a href="https://spiffe.io/docs/latest/spiffe-about/spiffe-concepts/">SPIFFE</a> as the identity |
| of the certificates.This requires spiffe to be present in the SAN of the certificate.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Instead of using <code>SPIFFE</code> based validator, a custom <code>CN</code> based validator that implements <code>MutualTlsCertificateValidator</code> |
| could be configured by the operator if required.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="configuring-mtls-authenticator-for-client-connections"><a class="anchor" href="#configuring-mtls-authenticator-for-client-connections"></a>Configuring mTLS authenticator for client connections</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that the following steps uses SPIFFE identity as an example, If you are using |
| a custom validator, use appropriate identity in place of <code>spiffe://testdomain.com/testIdentifier/testValue</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 1: Add authorized users to system_auth.identity_to_roles table</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that only users with permissions to create/modify roles can add/remove identities. |
| Client certificates with the identities in this table will be trusted by C*.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-plaintext hljs" data-lang="plaintext">ADD IDENTITY 'spiffe://testdomain.com/testIdentifier/testValue' TO ROLE 'read_only_user'</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 2: Configure Cassandra.yaml with right properties</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>client_encryption_options</code> configuration for mTLS connections</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-plaintext hljs" data-lang="plaintext">client_encryption_options: |
| enabled: true |
| optional: false |
| keystore: conf/.keystore |
| keystore_password: cassandra |
| truststore: conf/.truststore |
| truststore_password: cassandra |
| require_client_auth: true // to enable mTLS</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Configure mTLS authenticator and the validator for client connections . If you are |
| implementing a custom validator, use that instead of Spiffe validator</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-plaintext hljs" data-lang="plaintext">authenticator: |
| class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.MutualTlsAuthenticator |
| parameters : |
| validator_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.auth.SpiffeCertificateValidator</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 3: Bounce the cluster</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>After the bounce, C* will accept mTLS connections from the clients and if their |
| identity is present in the <code>identity_to_roles</code> table, access will be granted.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="configuring-mtls-authenticator-for-internode-connections"><a class="anchor" href="#configuring-mtls-authenticator-for-internode-connections"></a>Configuring mTLS authenticator for Internode connections</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Internode authenticator trusts certificates whose identities are present in |
| <code>internode_authenticator.parameters.trusted_peer_identities</code> if configured.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Otherwise, it trusts connections which have the same identity as the node. |
| When a node is making an outbound connection to another node, it uses the |
| certificate configured in <code>server_encryption_options.outbound_keystore</code>. |
| During the start of the node, identity is extracted from the outbound keystore and |
| connections from other nodes who have the same identity will be trusted if |
| <code>trusted_peer_identities</code> is not configured.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, if a node has <code>testIdentity</code> embedded in the certificate in |
| outbound keystore, It trusts connections from other nodes when their certificates |
| have <code>testIdentity</code> embedded in them.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is an optional configuration <code>node_identity</code> that can be used to verify identity |
| extracted from the keystore to avoid any configuration errors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 1: Configure server_encryption_options in cassandra.yaml</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-plaintext hljs" data-lang="plaintext">server_encryption_options: |
| internode_encryption: all |
| optional: true |
| keystore: conf/.keystore |
| keystore_password: cassandra |
| outbound_keystore: conf/.outbound_keystore |
| outbound_keystore_password: cassandra |
| require_client_auth: true // for enabling mTLS |
| truststore: conf/.truststore |
| truststore_password: cassandra</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 2: Configure Internode Authenticator and Validator</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Configure mTLS Internode authenticator and validator. If you are |
| implementing a custom validator, use that instead of Spiffe validator</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-plaintext hljs" data-lang="plaintext">internode_authenticator: |
| class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator |
| parameters : |
| validator_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.auth.SpiffeCertificateValidator |
| trusted_peer_identities : "spiffe1,spiffe2"</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>STEP 3: Bounce the cluster</strong> |
| Once all nodes in the cluster are restarted, all internode communications will be authenticated by mTLS.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="migration-from-existing-password-based-authentication"><a class="anchor" href="#migration-from-existing-password-based-authentication"></a>Migration from existing password based authentication</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>For client connections, since the migration will not happen overnight, |
| the operators can run cassandra in optional mTLS mode and use |
| <code>MutualTlsWithPasswordFallbackAuthenticator</code> which will accept both mTLS & password |
| based connections, based on the type of connection client is making. These settings |
| can be configured in <code>cassandra.yaml</code>. Once all the clients migrate to using mTLS, |
| turn off optional mode and set the authenticator to be <code>MutualTlsAuthenticator</code>. From |
| that point only mTLS client connections will be accepted.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>For Internode connections, while doing rolling upgrades from non-mTLS based configuration |
| to mTLS based configuration, set <code>server_encryption_options.optional:true</code> for the new nodes to |
| be able to connect to old nodes which are still using non-mTLS based configuration during upgrade. |
| After this, change the internode authenticator to be <code>MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator</code> and turn off the optional |
| mode by setting <code>server_encryption_options.optional:false</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
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