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| <main class="article default-main full-800" data-ceiling="topbar"> |
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| <p>You are viewing the documentation for a prerelease version.</p> |
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| <ul> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="../../../../index.html">Cassandra</a></li> |
| <li class="crumb"><a href="batch-good-example.html">Good use of BATCH statement</a></li> |
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| <ul> |
| <li class="tool edit"><a href="https://github.com/apache/cassandra/edit/cassandra-5.0/doc/modules/cassandra/pages/developing/cql/batch/batch-good-example.adoc" title="Edit Page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit</a></li> |
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| </div> |
| <article class="doc"> |
| <h1 class="page">Good use of BATCH statement</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Batch operations can be beneficial, as shown in the following examples. |
| The examples use the table <code>cyclist_expenses</code>:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name text, |
| balance float STATIC, |
| expense_id int, |
| amount float, |
| description text, |
| paid boolean, |
| PRIMARY KEY (cyclist_name, expense_id) |
| );</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that <code>balance</code> is <code>STATIC</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If there are two different tables in the same keyspace and the two tables have the same partition key, this scenario is considered a single partition batch. |
| There will be a single mutation for each table. |
| This happens because the two tables could have different columns, even though the keyspace and partition are the same. |
| Batches allow a caller to bundle multiple operations into a single batch request. |
| All the operations are performed by the same coordinator. |
| The best use of a batch request is for a single partition in multiple tables in the same keyspace. |
| Also, batches provide a guarantee that mutations will be applied in a particular order.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="single-partition-batch"><a class="anchor" href="#single-partition-batch"></a>Single partition batch</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The first INSERT in the <code>BATCH</code> statement sets the <code>balance</code> to zero. |
| The next two statements insert an <code>expense_id</code> and change the <code>balance</code> value. |
| All the <code>INSERT</code> and <code>UPDATE</code> statements in this batch write to the same partition, keeping the latency of the write operation low.</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">BEGIN BATCH |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name, balance |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 'Vera ADRIAN', 0 |
| ) IF NOT EXISTS; |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name, expense_id, amount, description, paid |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 'Vera ADRIAN', 1, 7.95, 'Breakfast', false |
| ); |
| |
| APPLY BATCH;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This batching example includes conditional updates combined with using <a href="#reference:static.adoc" class="page unresolved">static columns</a>. |
| Recall that single partition batches are not logged.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>It would be reasonable to expect that an UPDATE to the balance could be included in this BATCH statement:</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>+</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET balance = -7.95 |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| IF balance = 0;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>+ |
| However, it is important to understand that all the statements processed in a <code>BATCH</code> statement timestamp the records with the same value. |
| The operations may not perform in the order listed in the <code>BATCH</code> statement. |
| The UPDATE might be processed BEFORE the first INSERT that sets the balance value to zero, allowing the conditional to be met.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An acknowledgement of a batch statement is returned if the batch operation is successful.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-results hljs" data-lang="results"> [applied] |
| ----------- |
| True</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The resulting table will only have one record so far.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-results hljs" data-lang="results"> cyclist_name | expense_id | balance | amount | description | paid |
| --------------+------------+---------+--------+-------------+------- |
| Vera ADRIAN | 1 | 0 | 7.95 | Breakfast | False |
| |
| (1 rows)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The balance can be adjusted separately with an UPDATE statement. |
| Now the <code>balance</code> will reflect that breakfast was unpaid.</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET balance = -7.95 |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| IF balance = 0;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-results hljs" data-lang="results"> cyclist_name | expense_id | balance | amount | description | paid |
| --------------+------------+---------+--------+-------------+------- |
| Vera ADRIAN | 1 | -7.95 | 7.95 | Breakfast | False |
| |
| (1 rows)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The table <code>cyclist_expenses</code> stores records about each purchase by a cyclist and includes the running balance of all the cyclist’s purchases. |
| Because the balance is static, all purchase records for a cyclist have the same running balance. |
| This <code>BATCH</code> statement inserts expenses for two more meals changes the balance to reflect that breakfast and dinner were unpaid.</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">BEGIN BATCH |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name, expense_id, amount, description, paid |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 'Vera ADRIAN', 2, 13.44, 'Lunch', true |
| ); |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name, expense_id, amount, description, paid |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 'Vera ADRIAN', 3, 25.00, 'Dinner', false |
| ); |
| |
| UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET balance = -32.95 |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| IF balance = -7.95; |
| |
| APPLY BATCH;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-results hljs" data-lang="results"> cyclist_name | expense_id | balance | amount | description | paid |
| --------------+------------+---------+--------+-------------+------- |
| Vera ADRIAN | 1 | -32.95 | 7.95 | Breakfast | False |
| Vera ADRIAN | 2 | -32.95 | 13.44 | Lunch | True |
| Vera ADRIAN | 3 | -32.95 | 25 | Dinner | False |
| |
| (3 rows)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Finally, the cyclist pays off all outstanding bills and the <code>balance</code> of the account goes to zero.</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">BEGIN BATCH |
| |
| UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET balance = 0 |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| IF balance = -32.95; |
| |
| UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET paid = true |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| AND expense_id = 1 IF paid = false; |
| |
| UPDATE cycling.cyclist_expenses |
| SET paid = true |
| WHERE cyclist_name = 'Vera ADRIAN' |
| AND expense_id = 3 |
| IF paid = false; |
| |
| APPLY BATCH;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-results hljs" data-lang="results"> cyclist_name | expense_id | balance | amount | description | paid |
| --------------+------------+---------+--------+-------------+------ |
| Vera ADRIAN | 1 | 0 | 7.95 | Breakfast | True |
| Vera ADRIAN | 2 | 0 | 13.44 | Lunch | True |
| Vera ADRIAN | 3 | 0 | 25 | Dinner | True |
| |
| (3 rows)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because the column is static, you can provide only the partition key when updating the data. |
| To update a non-static column, you would also have to provide a clustering key. |
| Using batched conditional updates, you can maintain a running balance. |
| If the balance were stored in a separate table, maintaining a running balance would not be possible because a batch having conditional updates cannot span multiple partitions.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="multiple-partition-logged-batch"><a class="anchor" href="#multiple-partition-logged-batch"></a>Multiple partition logged batch</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Another example is using <code>BATCH</code> to perform a multiple partition insert that involves writing the same data to two related tables that must be synchronized. |
| The following example modifies multiple partitions, which in general is to be avoided, but the batch only contains two statements:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-language-cql hljs" data-lang="language-cql">BEGIN BATCH |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_expenses ( |
| cyclist_name, expense_id, amount, description, paid |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 'John SMITH', 3, 15.00, 'Lunch', false |
| ); |
| |
| INSERT INTO cycling.cyclist_name ( |
| id, lastname, firstname |
| ) VALUES ( |
| 6ab09bec-e68e-48d9-a5f8-97e6fb4c9b12, 'SMITH', 'John' |
| ); |
| |
| APPLY BATCH;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Another common use for this type of batch operation is updating usernames and passwords.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
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