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<title data-rh="true">BP-22: Separate closing ledgers from opening ledgers | Apache BookKeeper</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://bookkeeper.apache.org/bps/BP-22-separate-closing-ledgers-from-opening-ledgers"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="default"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="default"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="BP-22: Separate closing ledgers from opening ledgers | Apache BookKeeper"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Rejected due to lack of agreement that the issues raised in the motivation are valid."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Rejected due to lack of agreement that the issues raised in the motivation are valid."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://bookkeeper.apache.org/bps/BP-22-separate-closing-ledgers-from-opening-ledgers"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://bookkeeper.apache.org/bps/BP-22-separate-closing-ledgers-from-opening-ledgers" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://bookkeeper.apache.org/bps/BP-22-separate-closing-ledgers-from-opening-ledgers" hreflang="x-default"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.49914aab.css">
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aria-label="Direct link to Motivation" title="Direct link to Motivation"></a></h3><p>In the beginning there was openLedger. Opening a ledger meant also figuring out what the last entry of a ledger should be, and writing it to ZooKeeper. For a long time this was the only way to read a ledger. If a writer was writing to the ledger, then anything it wrote after this point would be lost (fencing was added later). The open operation was the natural place to put recovery, as at this point it was only possible to read a recovered ledger.</p><p>openLedgerNoRecovery was added in 2011. This allowed users to read from a ledger as it was being written to, which opened up a bunch of tailing uses cases. Recovery was still the default, because that was what it had always been, and tailing was still considered a secondary usecase. If the user wanted to skip recovery, they&#x27;d have to explicitly call the no recovery method.</p><p>Then the new API arrived. In the new API, tailing is the primary read use case, and recovery has been demoted to a boolean flag on a builder for the open operation. The user is for the most part unaware of recovery.</p><p>However, recovery is still one of the most important aspects of BookKeeper. It is the mechanism on which our Total Order Atomic Broadcast guarantees are built. It deserves to be a bit more prominent than a boolean flag in a builder. It also doesn&#x27;t help that the terminology is inconsistent. The flag is called withRecovery, while the to check if recovery is needed, we call isClosed. Closed itself is ambiguous because it may refer to the local handle, or it may refer to the state of the ledger.</p><p>As tailing is now the primary usecase, we expect that if a writer fails, then whichever node takes over as writer already has a non-recovered ReadHandle open. It would be nice to be able to continue using this Handle to read to the end of the ledger.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="public-interfaces">Public Interfaces<a href="#public-interfaces" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Public Interfaces" title="Direct link to Public Interfaces"></a></h3><p>I proposes the removal of OpenOpBuilder#withRecovery()</p><p>A new method on BookKeeper:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">interface BookKeeper {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; seal(ReadHandle handle);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="proposed-changes">Proposed Changes<a href="#proposed-changes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Proposed Changes" title="Direct link to Proposed Changes"></a></h3><p>With the proposed interface changes, every ReadHandle will be opened without recovery. For the tailing usecase, usage will look like.</p><div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ReadHandle reader = bk.newOpenLedgerOp().withLedgerId(X).execute().get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">long lastReadEntry = -1;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">while (!leader) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> long lac = reader.getLastAddConfirmed();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> if (lac &gt; lastReadEntry) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> LedgerEntries entries = reader.read(lastReadEntry+1, lac).get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> doSomethingWithEntries(entries);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> lastReadEntry = lac;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">assert (leader);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">bk.seal(reader).get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">long lac = reader.readLastAddConfirmed().get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">if (lac &gt; lastReadEntry) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> LedgerEntries entries = reader.read(lastReadEntry+1, lac).get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> doSomethingWithEntries(entries);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WriteHandle writer = bk.newCreateLedgerOp().execute().get();</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Constrast this with how it is with the current recovery on open mechanism.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ReadHandle reader = bk.newOpenLedgerOp().withLedgerId(X).execute().get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">long lastReadEntry = -1;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">while (!leader) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> long lac = reader.getLastAddConfirmed();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> if (lac &gt; lastReadEntry) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> LedgerEntries entries = reader.read(lastReadEntry+1, lac).get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> doSomethingWithEntries(entries);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> lastReadEntry = lac;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">assert (leader);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">reader.close();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">reader = bk.newOpenLedgerOp().withLedgerId(reader.getId()).withRecovery(true).execute.get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">long lac = reader.readLastAddConfirmed().get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">if (lac &gt; lastReadEntry) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> LedgerEntries entries = reader.read(lastReadEntry+1, lac).get();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> doSomethingWithEntries(entries);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WriteHandle writer = bk.newCreateLedgerOp().execute().get();</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>The second one is more code, you need to remember to close the previous handle, and the intent of the operation is less clear.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="compatibility-deprecation-and-migration-plan">Compatibility, Deprecation, and Migration Plan<a href="#compatibility-deprecation-and-migration-plan" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Compatibility, Deprecation, and Migration Plan" title="Direct link to Compatibility, Deprecation, and Migration Plan"></a></h3><p>This change is only on the new API, so there&#x27;s no promise of compatibility.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="test-plan">Test Plan<a href="#test-plan" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Test Plan" title="Direct link to Test Plan"></a></h3><p>This change replaces #withRecovery() with #seal(), so anyplace withRecovery was tested, should be replaced with #seal().</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rejected-alternatives">Rejected Alternatives<a href="#rejected-alternatives" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Rejected Alternatives" title="Direct link to Rejected Alternatives"></a></h3><ul><li>ReadHandle#seal: Rejected as ReadHandle should be side effect free</li><li>OpenOpBuilder#withRecovery(true): Rejected as we want tailing to be default usecase.</li><li>ReadHandle#forceClosed() or BookKeeper#forceClosed(ReadHandle): Rejected as unclear what the state of handle would be after (has ReadHandle#close been called).</li></ul></article></div><div class="col 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