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| <a id=print href=/update-site/docs/_print/><i class="fa fa-print fa-fw"></i> Print entire section</a></div><div class=td-toc><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#introduction>Introduction</a></li><li><a href=#schemas>Schemas</a></li><li><a href=#comparison-with-other-systems>Comparison with other systems</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="taxonomy taxonomy-terms-cloud taxo-tags"><h5 class=taxonomy-title>Tag Cloud</h5><ul class=taxonomy-terms><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=/update-site/tags/java/ data-taxonomy-term=java><span class=taxonomy-label>java</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=/update-site/tags/python/ data-taxonomy-term=python><span class=taxonomy-label>python</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li></ul></div></aside><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class="td-breadcrumbs td-breadcrumbs__single"><ol class=breadcrumb><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page><a href=/update-site/docs/>Documentation</a></li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>Documentation</h1><header class=article-meta><p class=reading-time><i class="fa fa-clock" aria-hidden=true></i> 2 minute read </p></header><h2 id=introduction>Introduction</h2><p>Apache Avro™ is a data serialization system.</p><p>Avro provides:</p><ul><li>Rich data structures.</li><li>A compact, fast, binary data format.</li><li>A container file, to store persistent data.</li><li>Remote procedure call (RPC).</li><li>Simple integration with dynamic languages. Code generation is not required to read or write data files nor to use or implement RPC protocols. Code generation as an optional optimization, only worth implementing for statically typed languages.</li></ul><h2 id=schemas>Schemas</h2><p>Avro relies on schemas. When Avro data is read, the schema used when writing it is always present. This permits each datum to be written with no per-value overheads, making serialization both fast and small. This also facilitates use with dynamic, scripting languages, since data, together with its schema, is fully self-describing.</p><p>When Avro data is stored in a file, its schema is stored with it, so that files may be processed later by any program. If the program reading the data expects a different schema this can be easily resolved, since both schemas are present.</p><p>When Avro is used in RPC, the client and server exchange schemas in the connection handshake. (This can be optimized so that, for most calls, no schemas are actually transmitted.) Since both client and server both have the other’s full schema, correspondence between same named fields, missing fields, extra fields, etc. can all be easily resolved.</p><p>Avro schemas are defined with JSON . This facilitates implementation in languages that already have JSON libraries.</p><h2 id=comparison-with-other-systems>Comparison with other systems</h2><p>Avro provides functionality similar to systems such as <a href=https://thrift.apache.org/>Thrift</a>, <a href=https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/>Protocol Buffers</a>, etc. Avro differs from these systems in the following fundamental aspects.</p><ul><li>Dynamic typing: Avro does not require that code be generated. Data is always accompanied by a schema that permits full processing of that data without code generation, static datatypes, etc. This facilitates construction of generic data-processing systems and languages.</li><li>Untagged data: Since the schema is present when data is read, considerably less type information need be encoded with data, resulting in smaller serialization size.</li><li>No manually-assigned field IDs: When a schema changes, both the old and new schema are always present when processing data, so differences may be resolved symbolically, using field names.</li></ul><div class=section-index><hr class=panel-line><div class=entry><h5><a href=/update-site/docs/++version++/>Apache Avro™ ++version++ Documentation</a></h5><p></p></div></div><div class="text-muted mt-5 pt-3 border-top">Last modified April 13, 2023: <a href=https://github.com/apache/avro/commit/8b181dcaa392cfc9bf9ed903deb586de9878f938>Fix the path for Java javadoc HTMLs (8b181dc)</a></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none"><div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5"><div class=row><div class="col-4 col-sm-3 text-xs-center order-sm-2"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="User mailing list" aria-label="User mailing list"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=mailto:user@avro.apache.org aria-label="User mailing list"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=Twitter aria-label=Twitter><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=https://twitter.com/ApacheAvro aria-label=Twitter><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Stack Overflow" aria-label="Stack Overflow"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/avro aria-label="Stack Overflow"><i class="fab fa-stack-overflow"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-4 col-sm-3 text-right text-xs-center order-sm-3"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=GitHub aria-label=GitHub><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=https://github.com/apache/avro aria-label=GitHub><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title=Issues aria-label=Issues><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/AVRO/issues aria-label=Issues><i class="fab fa-jira"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Chat with other project developers at Slack" aria-label="Chat with other project developers at Slack"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=https://the-asf.slack.com/ aria-label="Chat with other project developers at Slack"><i class="fab fa-slack"></i></a></li><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Developer mailing list" aria-label="Developer mailing list"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener href=mailto:dev@avro.apache.org aria-label="Developer mailing list"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-10 col-sm-3 text-center py-2 order-sm-2"><a href=https://www.apache.org/><small class=text-white>© 2023 The Apache Software Foundation </small></a><small class=text-white>All Rights Reserved</small><p><small class=text-white>Apache Avro, Avro™, Apache®, and the Apache feather logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</small></p></div><div class="col-5 col-sm-3 order-sm-2"><a href=https://www.apache.org/events/current-event.html><img src=https://www.apache.org/events/current-event-234x60.png></a></div></div></div></footer></div><script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js integrity=sha384-9/reFTGAW83EW2RDu2S0VKaIzap3H66lZH81PoYlFhbGU+6BZp6G7niu735Sk7lN crossorigin=anonymous></script> |
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