ARROW-12333: [JS] Remove jest-environment-node-debug and do not emit from typescript by default

Closes #9988 from domoritz/dev-env

Authored-by: Dominik Moritz <domoritz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Neal Richardson <neal.p.richardson@gmail.com>
diff --git a/js/package.json b/js/package.json
index 001a815..0e41e2e 100644
--- a/js/package.json
+++ b/js/package.json
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@
     "gulp-typescript": "5.0.1",
     "ix": "2.5.3",
     "jest": "26.3.0",
-    "jest-environment-node-debug": "2.0.0",
     "jest-silent-reporter": "0.1.2",
     "json": "9.0.6",
     "lerna": "3.22.1",
diff --git a/js/tsconfig.json b/js/tsconfig.json
index 6729675..8542ebf 100644
--- a/js/tsconfig.json
+++ b/js/tsconfig.json
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
   },
   "compilerOptions": {
     "target": "ESNEXT",
-    "module": "commonjs"
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "noEmit": true
   }
 }
diff --git a/js/yarn.lock b/js/yarn.lock
index e97e698..d41dafd 100644
--- a/js/yarn.lock
+++ b/js/yarn.lock
@@ -5833,11 +5833,6 @@
     jest-util "^26.6.2"
     jsdom "^16.4.0"
 
-jest-environment-node-debug@2.0.0:
-  version "2.0.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jest-environment-node-debug/-/jest-environment-node-debug-2.0.0.tgz#5ef098942fec1b6af5ee4841f4f8a2ff419562f9"
-  integrity sha1-XvCYlC/sG2r17khB9Pii/0GVYvk=
-
 jest-environment-node@^26.6.2:
   version "26.6.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jest-environment-node/-/jest-environment-node-26.6.2.tgz#824e4c7fb4944646356f11ac75b229b0035f2b0c"