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| <section id="reading-and-writing-orc-files"> |
| <h1>Reading and Writing ORC files<a class="headerlink" href="#reading-and-writing-orc-files" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1> |
| <p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://orc.apache.org/">Apache ORC</a> project provides a |
| standardized open-source columnar storage format for use in data analysis |
| systems. It was created originally for use in <a class="reference external" href="http://hadoop.apache.org/">Apache Hadoop</a> with systems like <a class="reference external" href="http://drill.apache.org">Apache Drill</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://hive.apache.org">Apache Hive</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://impala.apache.org">Apache |
| Impala</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="http://spark.apache.org">Apache Spark</a> adopting it as a shared standard for high |
| performance data IO.</p> |
| <p>Apache Arrow is an ideal in-memory representation layer for data that is being read |
| or written with ORC files.</p> |
| <div class="admonition seealso"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> |
| <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#cpp-api-orc"><span class="std std-ref">ORC reader/writer API reference</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <section id="supported-orc-features"> |
| <h2>Supported ORC features<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-orc-features" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p>The ORC format has many features, and we support a subset of them.</p> |
| <section id="data-types"> |
| <h3>Data types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>Here are a list of ORC types and mapped Arrow types.</p> |
| <table class="table"> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Logical type</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Mapped Arrow type</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>BOOLEAN</p></td> |
| <td><p>Boolean</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BYTE</p></td> |
| <td><p>Int8</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>SHORT</p></td> |
| <td><p>Int16</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>INT</p></td> |
| <td><p>Int32</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>LONG</p></td> |
| <td><p>Int64</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>FLOAT</p></td> |
| <td><p>Float32</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>DOUBLE</p></td> |
| <td><p>Float64</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>STRING</p></td> |
| <td><p>String/LargeString</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>BINARY</p></td> |
| <td><p>Binary/LargeBinary/FixedSizeBinary</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>TIMESTAMP</p></td> |
| <td><p>Timestamp/Date64</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1) (2)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>TIMESTAMP_INSTANT</p></td> |
| <td><p>Timestamp</p></td> |
| <td><p>(2)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>LIST</p></td> |
| <td><p>List/LargeList/FixedSizeList</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>MAP</p></td> |
| <td><p>Map</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>STRUCT</p></td> |
| <td><p>Struct</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>UNION</p></td> |
| <td><p>SparseUnion/DenseUnion</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>DECIMAL</p></td> |
| <td><p>Decimal128/Decimal256</p></td> |
| <td><p>(1)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>DATE</p></td> |
| <td><p>Date32</p></td> |
| <td></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>VARCHAR</p></td> |
| <td><p>String</p></td> |
| <td><p>(3)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>CHAR</p></td> |
| <td><p>String</p></td> |
| <td><p>(3)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>(1) On the read side the ORC type is read as the first corresponding Arrow type in the table.</p></li> |
| <li><p>(2) On the write side the ORC TIMESTAMP_INSTANT is used when timezone is provided, otherwise |
| ORC TIMESTAMP is used. On the read side both ORC TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP_INSTANT types are read |
| as the Arrow Timestamp type with <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8TimeUnit4type4NANOE" title="arrow::TimeUnit::NANO"><code class="xref cpp cpp-enumerator docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::TimeUnit::NANO</span></code></a> and timezone is set to |
| UTC for ORC TIMESTAMP_INSTANT type only.</p></li> |
| <li><p>(3) On the read side both ORC CHAR and VARCHAR types are read as the Arrow String type. ORC CHAR |
| and VARCHAR types are not supported on the write side.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </section> |
| <section id="compression"> |
| <h3>Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#compression" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <table class="table"> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Compression codec</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>SNAPPY</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>GZIP/ZLIB</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>LZ4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>ZSTD</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p><em>Unsupported compression codec:</em> LZO.</p> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| <section id="reading-orc-files"> |
| <h2>Reading ORC Files<a class="headerlink" href="#reading-orc-files" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8adapters3orc13ORCFileReaderE" title="arrow::adapters::orc::ORCFileReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ORCFileReader</span></code></a> class reads data for an entire |
| file or stripe into an <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5TableE" title="arrow::Table"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">::arrow::Table</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <section id="orcfilereader"> |
| <h3>ORCFileReader<a class="headerlink" href="#orcfilereader" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8adapters3orc13ORCFileReaderE" title="arrow::adapters::orc::ORCFileReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ORCFileReader</span></code></a> class requires a |
| <a class="reference internal" href="api/io.html#_CPPv4N5arrow2io16RandomAccessFileE" title="arrow::io::RandomAccessFile"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">::arrow::io::RandomAccessFile</span></code></a> instance representing the input |
| file.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h></span> |
| |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">MemoryPool</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_memory_pool</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">RandomAccessFile</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...;</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Open ORC file reader</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ORCFileReader</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle error instantiating file reader...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ORCFileReader</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ValueOrDie</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Read entire file as a single Arrow table</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">Read</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle error reading ORC data...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Table</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ValueOrDie</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
| <section id="writing-orc-files"> |
| <h2>Writing ORC Files<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-orc-files" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <section id="orcfilewriter"> |
| <h3>ORCFileWriter<a class="headerlink" href="#orcfilewriter" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>An ORC file is written to a <a class="reference internal" href="api/io.html#_CPPv4N5arrow2io12OutputStreamE" title="arrow::io::OutputStream"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OutputStream</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h></span> |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Oneshot write</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OutputStream</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...;</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">writer_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WriterOptions</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_writer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ORCFileWriter</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">writer_options</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle error instantiating file writer...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ORCFileWriter</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ValueOrDie</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">Write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">input_table</span><span class="p">)).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle write error...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">Close</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle close error...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
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