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| <section id="reading-json-files"> |
| <h1>Reading JSON files<a class="headerlink" href="#reading-json-files" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1> |
| <p>Line-separated JSON files can either be read as a single Arrow Table |
| with a <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json11TableReaderE" title="arrow::json::TableReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TableReader</span></code></a> or streamed as RecordBatches with a |
| <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json15StreamingReaderE" title="arrow::json::StreamingReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamingReader</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <p>Both of these readers require an <a class="reference internal" href="api/io.html#_CPPv4N5arrow2io11InputStreamE" title="arrow::io::InputStream"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::io::InputStream</span></code></a> instance |
| representing the input file. Their behavior can be customized using a |
| combination of <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json11ReadOptionsE" title="arrow::json::ReadOptions"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadOptions</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json12ParseOptionsE" title="arrow::json::ParseOptions"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ParseOptions</span></code></a>, and |
| other parameters.</p> |
| <div class="admonition seealso"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> |
| <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#cpp-api-json"><span class="std std-ref">JSON reader API reference</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <section id="tablereader"> |
| <h2>TableReader<a class="headerlink" href="#tablereader" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json11TableReaderE" title="arrow::json::TableReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TableReader</span></code></a> reads an entire file in one shot as a <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5TableE" title="arrow::Table"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Table</span></code></a>. Each |
| independent JSON object in the input file is converted to a row in |
| the output table.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">"arrow/json/api.h"</span> |
| |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">MemoryPool</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_memory_pool</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">InputStream</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...;</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">read_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ReadOptions</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Defaults</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parse_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ParseOptions</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Defaults</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Instantiate TableReader from input stream and options</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">TableReader</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">read_options</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parse_options</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle TableReader instantiation error...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maybe_reader</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Read table from JSON file</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">Read</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle JSON read error</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (for example a JSON syntax error or failed type conversion)</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maybe_table</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="streamingreader"> |
| <h2>StreamingReader<a class="headerlink" href="#streamingreader" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json15StreamingReaderE" title="arrow::json::StreamingReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamingReader</span></code></a> reads a file incrementally from blocks of a roughly equal byte size, each yielding a |
| <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow11RecordBatchE" title="arrow::RecordBatch"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RecordBatch</span></code></a>. Each independent JSON object in a block |
| is converted to a row in the output batch.</p> |
| <p>All batches adhere to a consistent <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6SchemaE" title="arrow::Schema"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Schema</span></code></a>, which is |
| derived from the first loaded batch. Alternatively, an explicit schema |
| may be passed via <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json12ParseOptionsE" title="arrow::json::ParseOptions"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ParseOptions</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">"arrow/json/api.h"</span> |
| |
| <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">read_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ReadOptions</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Defaults</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parse_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ParseOptions</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Defaults</span><span class="p">();</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">InputStream</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stream</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">StreamingReader</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stream</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">read_options</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parse_options</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle instantiation error</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">StreamingReader</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Result</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">RecordBatch</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maybe_batch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">maybe_batch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle read/parse error</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">RecordBatch</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maybe_batch</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Operate on each batch...</span> |
| <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="data-types"> |
| <h2>Data types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p>Since JSON values are typed, the possible Arrow data types on output |
| depend on the input value types. Top-level JSON values should always be |
| objects. The fields of top-level objects are taken to represent columns |
| in the Arrow data. For each name/value pair in a JSON object, there are |
| two possible modes of deciding the output data type:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>if the name is in <a class="reference internal" href="api/formats.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4json12ParseOptions15explicit_schemaE" title="arrow::json::ParseOptions::explicit_schema"><code class="xref cpp cpp-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ParseOptions::explicit_schema</span></code></a>, |
| conversion of the JSON value to the corresponding Arrow data type is |
| attempted;</p></li> |
| <li><p>otherwise, the Arrow data type is determined via type inference on |
| the JSON value, trying out a number of Arrow data types in order.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>The following tables show the possible combinations for each of those |
| two modes.</p> |
| <table class="table table-center" id="id1"> |
| <caption><span class="caption-text">Explicit conversions from JSON to Arrow</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this table">#</a></caption> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>JSON value type</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Allowed Arrow data types</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Null</p></td> |
| <td><p>Any (including Null)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Number</p></td> |
| <td><p>All Integer types, Float32, Float64, |
| Date32, Date64, Time32, Time64</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Boolean</p></td> |
| <td><p>Boolean</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>String</p></td> |
| <td><p>Binary, LargeBinary, String, LargeString, |
| Timestamp</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Array</p></td> |
| <td><p>List</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Object (nested)</p></td> |
| <td><p>Struct</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <table class="table table-center" id="id2"> |
| <caption><span class="caption-text">Implicit type inference from JSON to Arrow</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this table">#</a></caption> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>JSON value type</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Inferred Arrow data types (in order)</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Null</p></td> |
| <td><p>Null, any other</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Number</p></td> |
| <td><p>Int64, Float64</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Boolean</p></td> |
| <td><p>Boolean</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>String</p></td> |
| <td><p>Timestamp (with seconds unit), String</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Array</p></td> |
| <td><p>List</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Object (nested)</p></td> |
| <td><p>Struct</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
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