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| <section id="debugging-code-using-arrow"> |
| <h1>Debugging code using Arrow<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-code-using-arrow" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1> |
| <section id="gdb-extension-for-arrow-c"> |
| <span id="cpp-gdb-extension"></span><h2>GDB extension for Arrow C++<a class="headerlink" href="#gdb-extension-for-arrow-c" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> |
| <p>By default, when asked to print the value of a C++ object, |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sourceware.org/gdb/">GDB</a> displays the contents of its |
| member variables. However, for C++ objects this does not often yield |
| a very useful output, as C++ classes tend to hide their implementation details |
| behind methods and accessors.</p> |
| <p>For example, here is how a <a class="reference internal" href="api/support.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6StatusE" title="arrow::Status"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Status</span></code></a> instance may be displayed |
| by GDB:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span><span class="nv">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::util::EqualityComparable<arrow::Status>> = {<No data fields>},</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::util::ToStringOstreamable<arrow::Status>> = {<No data fields>},</span> |
| <span class="go"> members of arrow::Status:</span> |
| <span class="go"> state_ = 0x0</span> |
| <span class="go">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>and here is a <a class="reference internal" href="api/scalar.html#_CPPv4N5arrow16Decimal128ScalarE" title="arrow::Decimal128Scalar"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Decimal128Scalar</span></code></a>:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span><span class="nv">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>arrow::Decimal128Scalar<span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::DecimalScalar<arrow::Decimal128Type, arrow::Decimal128>> = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::internal::PrimitiveScalarBase> = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::Scalar> = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::util::EqualityComparable<arrow::Scalar>> = {<No data fields>},</span> |
| <span class="go"> members of arrow::Scalar:</span> |
| <span class="go"> _vptr.Scalar = 0x7ffff6870e78 <vtable for arrow::Decimal128Scalar+16>,</span> |
| <span class="go"> type = std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType> (use count 1, weak count 0) = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> get() = 0x555555ce58a0</span> |
| <span class="go"> },</span> |
| <span class="go"> is_valid = true</span> |
| <span class="go"> }, <No data fields>},</span> |
| <span class="go"> members of arrow::DecimalScalar<arrow::Decimal128Type, arrow::Decimal128>:</span> |
| <span class="go"> value = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::BasicDecimal128> = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> <arrow::GenericBasicDecimal<arrow::BasicDecimal128, 128, 2>> = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> static kHighWordIndex = <optimized out>,</span> |
| <span class="go"> static kBitWidth = 128,</span> |
| <span class="go"> static kByteWidth = 16,</span> |
| <span class="go"> static LittleEndianArray = <optimized out>,</span> |
| <span class="go"> array_ = {</span> |
| <span class="go"> _M_elems = {[0] = 1234567, [1] = 0}</span> |
| <span class="go"> }</span> |
| <span class="go"> },</span> |
| <span class="go"> members of arrow::BasicDecimal128:</span> |
| <span class="go"> static kMaxPrecision = 38,</span> |
| <span class="go"> static kMaxScale = 38</span> |
| <span class="go"> }, <No data fields>}</span> |
| <span class="go"> }, <No data fields>}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Fortunately, GDB also allows custom extensions to override the default printing |
| for specific types. We provide a |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/cpp/gdb_arrow.py">GDB extension</a> |
| written in Python that enables pretty-printing for common Arrow C++ classes, |
| so as to enable a more productive debugging experience. For example, |
| here is how the aforementioned <a class="reference internal" href="api/support.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6StatusE" title="arrow::Status"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Status</span></code></a> instance will be |
| displayed:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span><span class="nv">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>arrow::Status::OK<span class="o">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>and here is the same <a class="reference internal" href="api/scalar.html#_CPPv4N5arrow16Decimal128ScalarE" title="arrow::Decimal128Scalar"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Decimal128Scalar</span></code></a> instance as above:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span><span class="nv">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>arrow::Decimal128Scalar<span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span>value<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">123</span>.4567<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nv">precision</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span>,<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">scale</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="o">]</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <section id="manual-loading"> |
| <h3>Manual loading<a class="headerlink" href="#manual-loading" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>To enable the GDB extension for Arrow, you can simply |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/cpp/gdb_arrow.py">download it</a> |
| somewhere on your computer and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code> it from the GDB prompt:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(gdb)</span> <span class="go">source path/to/gdb_arrow.py</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>You will have to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code> it on each new GDB session. You might want to |
| make this implicit by adding the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code> invocation in a |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/gdbinit-man.html">gdbinit</a> file.</p> |
| </section> |
| <section id="automatic-loading"> |
| <h3>Automatic loading<a class="headerlink" href="#automatic-loading" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>GDB provides a facility to automatically load scripts or extensions for each |
| object file or library that is involved in a debugging session. You will need |
| to:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li><p>Find out what the <em>auto-load</em> locations are for your GDB install. |
| This can be determined using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show</span></code> subcommands on the GDB prompt; |
| the answer will depend on the operating system.</p> |
| <p>Here is an example on Ubuntu:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(gdb)</span> <span class="go">show auto-load scripts-directory</span> |
| <span class="go">List of directories from which to load auto-loaded scripts is $debugdir:$datadir/auto-load.</span> |
| <span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(gdb)</span> <span class="go">show data-directory</span> |
| <span class="go">GDB's data directory is "/usr/share/gdb".</span> |
| <span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(gdb)</span> <span class="go">show debug-file-directory</span> |
| <span class="go">The directory where separate debug symbols are searched for is "/usr/lib/debug".</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>This tells you that the directories used for auto-loading are |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$debugdir</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$datadir/auto-load</span></code>, which expand to |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/lib/debug/</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/share/gdb/auto-load</span></code> respectively.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Find out the full path to the Arrow C++ DLL, <em>with all symlinks resolved</em>. |
| For example, you might have installed Arrow 7.0 in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local</span></code> and the |
| path to the Arrow C++ DLL could then be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/libarrow.so.700.0.0</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Determine the actual auto-load script path. It is computed by <em>a)</em> taking |
| the path of the auto-load directory of your choice, <em>b)</em> appending the full |
| path to the Arrow C++ DLL, <em>c)</em> appending <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-gdb.py</span></code> at the tail.</p> |
| <p>In the example above, if we choose <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/share/gdb/auto-load</span></code> as auto-load |
| directory, the full path to the auto-load script will have to be |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/local/lib/libarrow.so.700.0.0-gdb.py</span></code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Either copy or symlink the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/cpp/gdb_arrow.py">GDB extension</a> to the file path determined |
| in step 3 above.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>If everything went well, then as soon as GDB encounters the Arrow C++ DLL, |
| it will automatically load the Arrow GDB extension so as to pretty-print |
| Arrow C++ classes on the display prompt.</p> |
| </section> |
| <section id="supported-classes"> |
| <h3>Supported classes<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-classes" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> |
| <p>The Arrow GDB extension provides pretty-printing for the core Arrow C++ classes:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8DataTypeE" title="arrow::DataType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::DataType</span></code></a> and subclasses</p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5FieldE" title="arrow::Field"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Field</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6SchemaE" title="arrow::Schema"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Schema</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow16KeyValueMetadataE" title="arrow::KeyValueMetadata"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::KeyValueMetadata</span></code></a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/array.html#_CPPv4N5arrow9ArrayDataE" title="arrow::ArrayData"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::ArrayData</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/array.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5ArrayE" title="arrow::Array"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Array</span></code></a> and subclasses</p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/scalar.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6ScalarE" title="arrow::Scalar"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Scalar</span></code></a> and subclasses</p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/array.html#_CPPv4N5arrow12ChunkedArrayE" title="arrow::ChunkedArray"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::ChunkedArray</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow11RecordBatchE" title="arrow::RecordBatch"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::RecordBatch</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5TableE" title="arrow::Table"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Table</span></code></a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/compute.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5DatumE" title="arrow::Datum"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Datum</span></code></a></p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Important utility classes are also covered:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/support.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6StatusE" title="arrow::Status"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Status</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/support.html#_CPPv4I0EN5arrow6ResultE" title="arrow::Result"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Result</span></code></a></p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/memory.html#_CPPv4N5arrow6BufferE" title="arrow::Buffer"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Buffer</span></code></a> and subclasses</p></li> |
| <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/utilities.html#_CPPv4N5arrow10Decimal128E" title="arrow::Decimal128"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Decimal128</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/utilities.html#_CPPv4N5arrow10Decimal256E" title="arrow::Decimal256"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Decimal256</span></code></a></p></li> |
| </ul> |
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