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 <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html"><span class="doc">Datatype API reference</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 <p>Data types govern how physical data is interpreted.  Their <a class="reference internal" href="../format/Columnar.html#format-columnar"><span class="std std-ref">specification</span></a> allows binary interoperability between different Arrow
 implementations, including from different programming languages and runtimes
 (for example it is possible to access the same data, without copying, from
 both Python and Java using the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyarrow.jvm</span></code> bridge module).</p>
 <p>Information about a data type in C++ can be represented in three ways:</p>
 <ol class="arabic simple">
 <li><p>Using a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8DataTypeE" title="arrow::DataType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::DataType</span></code></a> instance (e.g. as a function argument)</p></li>
 <li><p>Using a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8DataTypeE" title="arrow::DataType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::DataType</span></code></a> concrete subclass (e.g. as a template
 parameter)</p></li>
 <li><p>Using a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow4Type4typeE" title="arrow::Type::type"><code class="xref cpp cpp-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Type::type</span></code></a> enum value (e.g. as the condition of
 a switch statement)</p></li>
 </ol>
 <p>The first form (using a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8DataTypeE" title="arrow::DataType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::DataType</span></code></a> instance) is the most idiomatic
 and flexible.  Runtime-parametric types can only be fully represented with
 a DataType instance.  For example, a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow13TimestampTypeE" title="arrow::TimestampType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::TimestampType</span></code></a> needs to be
 constructed at runtime with a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8TimeUnit4typeE" title="arrow::TimeUnit::type"><code class="xref cpp cpp-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::TimeUnit::type</span></code></a> parameter; a
 <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow14Decimal128TypeE" title="arrow::Decimal128Type"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Decimal128Type</span></code></a> with <em>scale</em> and <em>precision</em> parameters;
 a <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8ListTypeE" title="arrow::ListType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::ListType</span></code></a> with a full child type (itself a
 <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow8DataTypeE" title="arrow::DataType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::DataType</span></code></a> instance).</p>
 <p>The two other forms can be used where performance is critical, in order to
 avoid paying the price of dynamic typing and polymorphism.  However, some
 amount of runtime switching can still be required for parametric types.
 It is not possible to reify all possible types at compile time, since Arrow
 data types allows arbitrary nesting.</p>
 <div class="section" id="creating-data-types">
 <h2>Creating data types<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-data-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p>To instantiate data types, it is recommended to call the provided
 <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#api-type-factories"><span class="std std-ref">factory functions</span></a>:</p>
 <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DataType</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">type</span><span class="p">;</span>

 <span class="c1">// A 16-bit integer type</span>
 <span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">int16</span><span class="p">();</span>
 <span class="c1">// A 64-bit timestamp type (with microsecond granularity)</span>
 <span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">TimeUnit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">MICRO</span><span class="p">);</span>
 <span class="c1">// A list type of single-precision floating-point values</span>
 <span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">());</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </div>
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