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|  | Arrow Columnar Format | 
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|  | Arrow Flight RPC | 
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|  | Integration Testing | 
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|  | The Arrow C data interface | 
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|  | <li class="toctree-l1"> | 
|  | <a class="reference internal" href="../format/CStreamInterface.html"> | 
|  | The Arrow C stream interface | 
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|  | <li class="toctree-l1"> | 
|  | <a class="reference internal" href="../format/CDeviceDataInterface.html"> | 
|  | The Arrow C Device data interface | 
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|  | ADBC: Arrow Database Connectivity | 
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|  | ADBC Go API Specification | 
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|  | ADBC Java API Specification | 
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|  | Other Data Structures | 
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|  | Changing the Apache Arrow Format Specification | 
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|  | Set up | 
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|  | Building the Arrow libraries 🏋🏿♀️ | 
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|  | <section id="tabular-data"> | 
|  | <h1>Tabular Data<a class="headerlink" href="#tabular-data" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1> | 
|  | <div class="admonition seealso"> | 
|  | <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> | 
|  | <p><a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html"><span class="doc">Table and RecordBatch API reference</span></a>.</p> | 
|  | </div> | 
|  | <p>While arrays and chunked arrays represent a one-dimensional sequence of | 
|  | homogeneous values, data often comes in the form of two-dimensional sets of | 
|  | heterogeneous data (such as database tables, CSV files…).  Arrow provides | 
|  | several abstractions to handle such data conveniently and efficiently.</p> | 
|  | <section id="fields"> | 
|  | <h2>Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#fields" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> | 
|  | <p>Fields are used to denote the particular columns of a table (and also | 
|  | the particular members of a nested data type such as <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow10StructTypeE" title="arrow::StructType"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::StructType</span></code></a>). | 
|  | A field, i.e. an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="api/datatype.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5FieldE" title="arrow::Field"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Field</span></code></a>, holds together a data | 
|  | type, a field name and some optional metadata.</p> | 
|  | <p>The recommended way to create a field is to call the <code class="xref cpp cpp-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::field()</span></code> | 
|  | factory function.</p> | 
|  | </section> | 
|  | <section id="schemas"> | 
|  | <h2>Schemas<a class="headerlink" href="#schemas" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> | 
|  | <p>A schema describes the overall structure of a two-dimensional dataset such | 
|  | as a table.  It holds a sequence of fields together with some optional | 
|  | schema-wide metadata (in addition to per-field metadata).  The recommended | 
|  | way to create a schema is to call one the <code class="xref cpp cpp-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::schema()</span></code> factory | 
|  | function overloads:</p> | 
|  | <div class="highlight-cpp notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Create a schema describing datasets with two columns:</span> | 
|  | <span class="c1">// a int32 column "A" and a utf8-encoded string column "B"</span> | 
|  | <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field_a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field_b</span><span class="p">;</span> | 
|  | <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">shared_ptr</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Schema</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">;</span> | 
|  |  | 
|  | <span class="n">field_a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"A"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">int32</span><span class="p">());</span> | 
|  | <span class="n">field_b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"B"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">utf8</span><span class="p">());</span> | 
|  | <span class="n">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrow</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="n">field_a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field_b</span><span class="p">});</span> | 
|  | </pre></div> | 
|  | </div> | 
|  | </section> | 
|  | <section id="tables"> | 
|  | <h2>Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#tables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> | 
|  | <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5TableE" title="arrow::Table"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Table</span></code></a> is a two-dimensional dataset with chunked arrays for | 
|  | columns, together with a schema providing field names.  Also, each chunked | 
|  | column must have the same logical length in number of elements (although each | 
|  | column can be chunked in a different way).</p> | 
|  | </section> | 
|  | <section id="record-batches"> | 
|  | <h2>Record Batches<a class="headerlink" href="#record-batches" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> | 
|  | <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow11RecordBatchE" title="arrow::RecordBatch"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::RecordBatch</span></code></a> is a two-dimensional dataset of a number of | 
|  | contiguous arrays, each the same length.  Like a table, a record batch also | 
|  | has a schema which must match its arrays’ datatypes.</p> | 
|  | <p>Record batches are a convenient unit of work for various serialization | 
|  | and computation functions, possibly incremental.</p> | 
|  | <img alt="A graphical representation of an Arrow Table and a Record Batch, with structure as described in text above." src="../_images/tables-versus-record-batches.svg" /><p>Record batches can be sent between implementations, such as via | 
|  | <a class="reference internal" href="../format/Columnar.html#format-ipc"><span class="std std-ref">IPC</span></a> or | 
|  | via the <a class="reference internal" href="../format/CDataInterface.html"><span class="doc">C Data Interface</span></a>. Tables and | 
|  | chunked arrays, on the other hand, are concepts in the C++ implementation, | 
|  | not in the Arrow format itself, so they aren’t directly portable.</p> | 
|  | <p>However, a table can be converted to and built from a sequence of record | 
|  | batches easily without needing to copy the underlying array buffers. | 
|  | A table can be streamed as an arbitrary number of record batches using | 
|  | a <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow16TableBatchReaderE" title="arrow::TableBatchReader"><code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::TableBatchReader</span></code></a>.  Conversely, a logical sequence of | 
|  | record batches can be assembled to form a table using one of the | 
|  | <a class="reference internal" href="api/table.html#_CPPv4N5arrow5Table17FromRecordBatchesERKNSt6vectorINSt10shared_ptrI11RecordBatchEEEE" title="arrow::Table::FromRecordBatches"><code class="xref cpp cpp-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrow::Table::FromRecordBatches()</span></code></a> factory function overloads.</p> | 
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