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   <section id="running-docker-builds">
 <span id="docker-builds"></span><h1>Running Docker Builds<a class="headerlink" href="#running-docker-builds" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
 <p>Most of our Linux based Continuous Integration tasks are decoupled from public
 CI services using <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/">Docker</a> and
 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/">Docker Compose</a>.  Keeping the CI configuration
 minimal makes local reproducibility possible.</p>
 <section id="usage">
 <h2>Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#usage" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
 <p>There are multiple ways to execute the Docker based builds.
 The recommended way is to use the <a class="reference internal" href="archery.html#archery"><span class="std std-ref">Archery</span></a> tool:</p>
 <section id="examples">
 <h3>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
 <p><strong>List the available images:</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>images
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>Execute a build:</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Archery calls the following docker compose commands:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>pull<span class="w"> </span>--ignore-pull-failures<span class="w"> </span>conda-cpp
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>pull<span class="w"> </span>--ignore-pull-failures<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>conda-cpp
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--rm<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>Show the Docker Compose commands instead of executing them:</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>--dry-run<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>To disable the image pulling:</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--no-cache<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Which translates to:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>--no-cache<span class="w"> </span>conda-cpp
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>--no-cache<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--rm<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>To disable the cache only for the leaf image:</strong></p>
 <p>Useful to force building the development version of a dependency.
 In case of the example below the command builds the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">conda-cpp</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">conda-python</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">conda-python-pandas</span></code> branch of the image tree
 where the leaf image is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">conda-python-pandas</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">PANDAS</span><span class="o">=</span>upstream_devel<span class="w"> </span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--no-leaf-cache<span class="w"> </span>conda-python-pandas
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Which translates to:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PANDAS</span><span class="o">=</span>upstream_devel
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>pull<span class="w"> </span>--ignore-pull-failures<span class="w"> </span>conda-cpp
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>pull<span class="w"> </span>--ignore-pull-failures<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>conda-cpp
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>--no-cache<span class="w"> </span>conda-python-pandas
 docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--rm<span class="w"> </span>conda-python-pandas
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Note that it doesn’t pull the conda-python-pandas image and disable the cache
 when building it.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PANDAS</span></code> is a <a class="reference internal" href="#docker-build-parameters"><span class="std std-ref">build parameter</span></a>, see the
 defaults in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.env</span></code> file.</p>
 <p><strong>To entirely skip building the image:</strong></p>
 <p>The layer-caching mechanism of docker-compose can be less reliable than
 docker’s, depending on the version, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache_from</span></code> build entry, and the
 backend used (docker-py, docker-cli, docker-cli and buildkit). This can lead to
 different layer hashes - even when executing the same build command
 repeatedly - eventually causing cache misses full image rebuilds.</p>
 <p><em>If the image has been already built but the cache doesn’t work properly</em>, it
 can be useful to skip the build phases:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># first run ensures that the image is built</span>
 archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>conda-python

 <span class="c1"># if the second run tries the build the image again and none of the files</span>
 <span class="c1"># referenced in the relevant dockerfile have changed, then it indicates a</span>
 <span class="c1"># cache miss caused by the issue described above</span>
 archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>conda-python

 <span class="c1"># since the image is properly built with the first command, there is no</span>
 <span class="c1"># need to rebuild it, so manually disable the pull and build phases to</span>
 <span class="c1"># spare the some time</span>
 archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--no-pull<span class="w"> </span>--no-build<span class="w"> </span>conda-python
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>Pass environment variables to the container:</strong></p>
 <p>Most of the build scripts used within the containers can be configured through
 environment variables. Pass them using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--env</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> CLI options -
 similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">compose</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code> interface.</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--env<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE</span><span class="o">=</span>release<span class="w"> </span>ubuntu-cpp
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>For the available environment variables in the C++ builds see the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh</span></code> script.</p>
 <p><strong>Run the image with custom command:</strong></p>
 <p>Custom docker commands may be passed as the second argument to
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">archery</span> <span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code>.</p>
 <p>The following example starts an interactive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bash</span></code> session in the container
 - useful for debugging the build interactively:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>ubuntu-cpp<span class="w"> </span>bash
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>Build the image with increased debugging output:</strong></p>
 <p>To enable additional logging output for debugging, pass the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--debug</span></code> flag
 to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">archery</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>archery<span class="w"> </span>--debug<span class="w"> </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>ubuntu-cpp
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>In addition to enabling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code>-level logging, this also translates to
 passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--progress=plain</span></code> to docker(-compose) build command.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="docker-volume-caches">
 <h3>Docker Volume Caches<a class="headerlink" href="#docker-volume-caches" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
 <p>Most of the compose container have specific directories mounted from the host
 to reuse <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ccache</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maven</span></code> artifacts. These docker volumes are placed
 in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.docker</span></code> directory.</p>
 <p>In order to clean up the cache simply delete one or more directories (or the
 whole <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.docker</span></code> directory).</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="development">
 <h2>Development<a class="headerlink" href="#development" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
 <p>The Docker Compose configuration is tuned towards reusable development
 containers using hierarchical images. For example multiple language bindings
 are dependent on the C++ implementation, so instead of redefining the
 C++ environment multiple Dockerfiles, we can reuse the exact same base C++
 image when building Glib, Ruby, R and Python bindings.
 This reduces duplication and streamlines maintenance, but makes the
 Docker Compose configuration more complicated.</p>
 <section id="docker-build-parameters">
 <span id="id1"></span><h3>Docker Build Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#docker-build-parameters" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
 <p>The build time parameters are pushed down to the dockerfiles to make the
 image building more flexible. These parameters are usually called as docker
 build args, but we pass these values as environment variables to
 compose.yaml. The build parameters are extensively used for:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>defining the docker registry used for caching</p></li>
 <li><p>platform architectures</p></li>
 <li><p>operation systems and versions</p></li>
 <li><p>defining various versions if dependencies</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>The default parameter values are stored in the top level .env file.
 For detailed examples see the compose.yaml.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="build-scripts">
 <h3>Build Scripts<a class="headerlink" href="#build-scripts" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
 <p>The scripts maintained under ci/scripts directory should be kept
 parameterizable but reasonably minimal to clearly encapsulate the tasks it is
 responsible for. Like:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpp_build.sh</span></code>: build the C++ implementation without running the tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpp_test.sh</span></code>: execute the C++ tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python_build.sh</span></code>: build the Python bindings without running the tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python_test.sh</span></code>: execute the Python tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docs_build.sh</span></code>: build the Sphinx documentation.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">integration_dask.sh</span></code>: execute the dask integration tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">integration_pandas.sh</span></code>: execute the pandas integration tests.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">install_minio.sh</span></code>: install minio server for multiple platforms.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">install_conda.sh</span></code>: install miniconda for multiple platforms.</p></li>
 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">install_gcs_testbench.sh</span></code>: install the GCS testbench for multiple platforms.</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>The parametrization (like the C++ CMake options) is achieved via environment
 variables with useful defaults to keep the build configurations declarative.</p>
 <p>A good example is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpp_build.sh</span></code> build script which forwards environment
 variables as CMake options - so the same scripts can be invoked in various
 configurations without the necessity of changing it. For examples see how the
 environment variables are passed in the compose.yaml’s C++ images.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="adding-new-images">
 <h3>Adding New Images<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-new-images" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
 <p>See the inline comments available in the compose.yaml file.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
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