ARROW-4368: [Docs] Fix install document for Ubuntu 16.04 or earlier

Author: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>
Author: Kouhei Sutou <kou@clear-code.com>

Closes #3495 from kou/doc-install-old-ubuntu and squashes the following commits:

be4e226f <Krisztián Szűcs>  fix curl command
9a7520d2 <Kouhei Sutou>  Fix install document for Ubuntu 16.04 or earlier
diff --git a/install.md b/install.md
index 86d0221..71377ca 100644
--- a/install.md
+++ b/install.md
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 * CentOS 6
 * CentOS 7
 
-Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu:
+Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or later:
 
 ```shell
 sudo apt update
@@ -103,6 +103,27 @@
 sudo apt install -y -V libparquet-glib-dev # For Apache Parquet GLib (C)
 ```
 
+Debian Ubuntu 16.04 LTS or earlier:
+
+```shell
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install -y -V apt-transport-https lsb-release
+curl https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/arrow/KEYS | sudo apt-key add -
+sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apache-arrow.list <<APT_LINE
+deb [arch=amd64] https://dl.bintray.com/apache/arrow/$(lsb_release --id --short | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')/ $(lsb_release --codename --short) main
+deb-src https://dl.bintray.com/apache/arrow/$(lsb_release --id --short | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')/ $(lsb_release --codename --short) main
+APT_LINE
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install -y -V libarrow-dev # For C++
+sudo apt install -y -V libarrow-glib-dev # For GLib (C)
+sudo apt install -y -V libplasma-dev # For Plasma C++
+sudo apt install -y -V libplasma-glib-dev # For Plasma GLib (C)
+sudo apt install -y -V libgandiva-dev # For Gandiva C++
+sudo apt install -y -V libgandiva-glib-dev # For Gandiva GLib (C)
+sudo apt install -y -V libparquet-dev # For Apache Parquet C++
+sudo apt install -y -V libparquet-glib-dev # For Apache Parquet GLib (C)
+```
+
 CentOS:
 
 ```shell