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| <h1>Data analysis with dplyr syntax</h1> |
| |
| |
| <small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/r/vignettes/data_wrangling.Rmd" class="external-link"><code>vignettes/data_wrangling.Rmd</code></a></small> |
| <div class="d-none name"><code>data_wrangling.Rmd</code></div> |
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| |
| <p>The arrow package provides functionality allowing users to manipulate |
| tabular Arrow data (<code>Table</code> and <code>Dataset</code> objects) |
| with familiar <a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">dplyr</a> syntax. To enable this functionality, |
| ensure that the arrow and dplyr packages are both loaded. In this |
| article we will take the <code>starwars</code> data set included in |
| dplyr, convert it to an Arrow Table, and then analyze this data. Note |
| that, although these examples all use an in-memory <code>Table</code> |
| object, the same functionality works for an on-disk <code>Dataset</code> |
| object with only minor differences in behavior (documented later in the |
| article).</p> |
| <p>To get started let’s load the packages and create the data:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">dplyr</a></span>, warn.conflicts <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://github.com/apache/arrow/" class="external-link">arrow</a></span>, warn.conflicts <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span></span> |
| <span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/table.html">arrow_table</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">starwars</span>, as_data_frame <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="one-table-dplyr-verbs">One-table dplyr verbs<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#one-table-dplyr-verbs"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <p>The arrow package provides support for the dplyr one-table verbs, |
| allowing users to construct data analysis pipelines in a familiar way. |
| The example below shows the use of <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter()</a></code>, |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html" class="external-link">rename()</a></code>, <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate()</a></code>, <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange()</a></code> and |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select()</a></code>:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">result</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">homeworld</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Tatooine"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/rename.html" class="external-link">rename</a></span><span class="op">(</span>height_cm <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">height</span>, mass_kg <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">mass</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>height_in <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">height_cm</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="fl">2.54</span>, mass_lbs <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">mass_kg</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="fl">2.2046</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/desc.html" class="external-link">desc</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">birth_year</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span>, <span class="va">height_in</span>, <span class="va">mass_lbs</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>It is important to note that arrow uses lazy evaluation to delay |
| computation until the result is explicitly requested. This speeds up |
| processing by enabling the Arrow C++ library to perform multiple |
| computations in one operation. As a consequence of this design choice, |
| we have not yet performed computations on the <code>sw</code> data. The |
| <code>result</code> variable is an object with class |
| <code>arrow_dplyr_query</code> that represents all the computations to |
| be performed:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">result</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## Table (query)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name: string</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## height_in: double (divide(cast(height, {to_type=double, allow_int_overflow=false, allow_time_truncate=false, allow_time_overflow=false, allow_decimal_truncate=false, allow_float_truncate=false, allow_invalid_utf8=false}), cast(2.54, {to_type=double, allow_int_overflow=false, allow_time_truncate=false, allow_time_overflow=false, allow_decimal_truncate=false, allow_float_truncate=false, allow_invalid_utf8=false})))</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## mass_lbs: double (multiply_checked(mass, 2.2046))</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## * Filter: (homeworld == "Tatooine")</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## * Sorted by birth_year [desc]</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## See $.data for the source Arrow object</span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>To perform these computations and materialize the result, we call |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">compute()</a></code> or <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect()</a></code>. The difference between |
| the two determines what kind of object will be returned. Calling |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">compute()</a></code> returns an Arrow Table, suitable for passing to |
| other arrow or dplyr functions:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">compute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">result</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## Table</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## 10 rows x 3 columns</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## $name <string></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## $height_in <double></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## $mass_lbs <double></span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>In contrast, <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect()</a></code> returns an R data frame, suitable |
| for viewing or passing to other R functions for analysis or |
| visualization:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">result</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 10 x 3</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name height_in mass_lbs</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> C-3PO 65.7 165. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> Cliegg Lars 72.0 <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> Shmi Skywalker 64.2 <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Owen Lars 70.1 265. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Beru Whitesun Lars 65.0 165. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Darth Vader 79.5 300. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Anakin Skywalker 74.0 185. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> Biggs Darklighter 72.0 185. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Luke Skywalker 67.7 170. </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> R5-D4 38.2 70.5</span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>The arrow package has broad support for single-table dplyr verbs, |
| including those that compute aggregates. For example, it supports |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by()</a></code> and <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarize()</a></code>, as well as |
| commonly-used convenience functions such as <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html" class="external-link">count()</a></code>:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">species</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarize</a></span><span class="op">(</span>mean_height <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html" class="external-link">mean</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span>, na.rm <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 38 x 2</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## species mean_height</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Human 178 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> Droid 131.</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> Wookiee 231 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Rodian 173 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Hutt 175 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 175 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Yoda's species 66 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> Trandoshan 190 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Mon Calamari 180 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> Ewok 88 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># i 28 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/count.html" class="external-link">count</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">gender</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 3 x 2</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## gender n</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><int></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> masculine 66</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> feminine 17</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 4</span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>Note, however, that window functions such as <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/ntile.html" class="external-link">ntile()</a></code> are |
| not yet supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="two-table-dplyr-verbs">Two-table dplyr verbs<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#two-table-dplyr-verbs"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <p>Equality joins (e.g. <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html" class="external-link">left_join()</a></code>, |
| <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html" class="external-link">inner_join()</a></code>) are supported for joining multiple tables. |
| This is illustrated below:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">jedi</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span> |
| <span> name <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"C-3PO"</span>, <span class="st">"Luke Skywalker"</span>, <span class="st">"Obi-Wan Kenobi"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span> |
| <span> jedi <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="cn">FALSE</span>, <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span></span> |
| <span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">3</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html" class="external-link">right_join</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">jedi</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 3 x 4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name height mass jedi </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><int></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><lgl></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> Luke Skywalker 172 77 TRUE </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> C-3PO 167 75 FALSE</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> Obi-Wan Kenobi 182 77 TRUE</span></span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="expressions-within-dplyr-verbs">Expressions within dplyr verbs<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#expressions-within-dplyr-verbs"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <p>Inside dplyr verbs, Arrow offers support for many functions and |
| operators, with common functions mapped to their base R and tidyverse |
| equivalents: you can find a <a href="../reference/acero.html">list of |
| supported functions within dplyr queries</a> in the function |
| documentation. If there are additional functions you would like to see |
| implemented, please file an issue as described in the <a href="https://arrow.apache.org/docs/r/#getting-help">Getting help</a> |
| guidelines.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="registering-custom-bindings">Registering custom bindings<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#registering-custom-bindings"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <p>The arrow package makes it possible for users to supply bindings for |
| custom functions in some situations using |
| <code><a href="../reference/register_scalar_function.html">register_scalar_function()</a></code>. To operate correctly, the |
| to-be-registered function must have <code>context</code> as its first |
| argument, as required by the query engine. For example, suppose we |
| wanted to implement a function that converts a string to snake case (a |
| greatly simplified version of <code>janitor::make_clean_names()</code>). |
| The function could be written as follows:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">to_snake_name</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="kw">function</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">context</span>, <span class="va">string</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span> |
| <span> <span class="va">replace</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span>`'` <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">""</span>, `"` <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">""</span>, `-` <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">""</span>, `\\.` <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"_"</span>, ` ` <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"_"</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span> <span class="va">string</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu">stringr</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/str_replace.html" class="external-link">str_replace_all</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">replace</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu">stringr</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/case.html" class="external-link">str_to_lower</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu">stringi</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/stringi/man/stri_trans_general.html" class="external-link">stri_trans_general</a></span><span class="op">(</span>id <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Latin-ASCII"</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>To call this within an arrow/dplyr pipeline, it needs to be |
| registered:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/register_scalar_function.html">register_scalar_function</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span> |
| <span> name <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"to_snake_name"</span>,</span> |
| <span> fun <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">to_snake_name</span>,</span> |
| <span> in_type <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/data-type.html">utf8</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span> |
| <span> out_type <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/data-type.html">utf8</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span> |
| <span> auto_convert <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span></span> |
| <span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <p>In this expression, the <code>name</code> argument specifies the name |
| by which it will be recognized in the context of the arrow/dplyr |
| pipeline and <code>fun</code> is the function itself. The |
| <code>in_type</code> and <code>out_type</code> arguments are used to |
| specify the expected data type for the input and output, and |
| <code>auto_convert</code> specifies whether arrow should automatically |
| convert any R inputs to their Arrow equivalents.</p> |
| <p>Once registered, the following works:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span>, snake_name <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">to_snake_name</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span><span class="op">)</span>, .keep <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"none"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 87 x 2</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name snake_name </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Luke Skywalker luke_skywalker </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> C-3PO c3po </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> R2-D2 r2d2 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Darth Vader darth_vader </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Leia Organa leia_organa </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Owen Lars owen_lars </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Beru Whitesun Lars beru_whitesun_lars</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> R5-D4 r5d4 </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Biggs Darklighter biggs_darklighter </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> Obi-Wan Kenobi obiwan_kenobi </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># i 77 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>To learn more, see |
| <code><a href="../reference/register_scalar_function.html">help("register_scalar_function", package = "arrow")</a></code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="handling-unsupported-expressions">Handling unsupported expressions<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#handling-unsupported-expressions"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <p>For dplyr queries on Table objects, which are held in memory and |
| should usually be representable as data frames, if the arrow package |
| detects an unimplemented function within a dplyr verb, it automatically |
| calls <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect()</a></code> to return the data as an R data frame |
| before processing that dplyr verb. As an example, neither |
| <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/lm.html" class="external-link">lm()</a></code> nor <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/residuals.html" class="external-link">residuals()</a></code> are implemented, so if we |
| write code that computes the residuals for a linear regression model, |
| this automatic collection takes place:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/transmute.html" class="external-link">transmute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span>, <span class="va">height</span>, <span class="va">mass</span>, res <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/residuals.html" class="external-link">residuals</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/lm.html" class="external-link">lm</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## Warning: In residuals(lm(mass ~ height)): </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #0000BB;">i</span> Expression not supported in Arrow</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## > Pulling data into R</span></span></code></pre> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 59 x 4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name height mass res</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><int></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Luke Skywalker 172 77 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">18.8</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> C-3PO 167 75 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">17.7</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> R2-D2 96 32 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">16.4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Darth Vader 202 136 21.4</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Leia Organa 150 49 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">33.1</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Owen Lars 178 120 20.4</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Beru Whitesun Lars 165 75 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">16.5</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> R5-D4 97 32 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">17.0</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Biggs Darklighter 183 84 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">18.7</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> Obi-Wan Kenobi 182 77 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">25.1</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># i 49 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>For queries on <code>Dataset</code> objects – which can be larger |
| than memory – arrow is more conservative and always raises an error if |
| it detects an unsupported expression. To illustrate this behavior, we |
| can write the <code>starwars</code> data to disk and then open it as a |
| Dataset. When we use the same pipeline on the Dataset, we obtain an |
| error:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb22"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="co"># write and open starwars dataset</span></span> |
| <span><span class="va">dataset_path</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/tempfile.html" class="external-link">tempfile</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/write_dataset.html">write_dataset</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">starwars</span>, <span class="va">dataset_path</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span><span class="va">sw2</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/open_dataset.html">open_dataset</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">dataset_path</span><span class="op">)</span></span> |
| <span></span> |
| <span><span class="co"># dplyr pipeline with unsupported expressions</span></span> |
| <span><span class="va">sw2</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/transmute.html" class="external-link">transmute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span>, <span class="va">height</span>, <span class="va">mass</span>, res <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/residuals.html" class="external-link">residuals</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/lm.html" class="external-link">lm</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BBBB00; font-weight: bold;">Error</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in `residuals()`:</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BBBB00;">!</span> Expression not supported in Arrow</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## > Call collect() first to pull data into R.</span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>Calling <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect()</a></code> in the middle of the pipeline fixes |
| the issue:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb24"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw2</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/transmute.html" class="external-link">transmute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">name</span>, <span class="va">height</span>, <span class="va">mass</span>, res <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/residuals.html" class="external-link">residuals</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/lm.html" class="external-link">lm</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mass</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">height</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 59 x 4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name height mass res</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><int></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Luke Skywalker 172 77 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">18.8</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> C-3PO 167 75 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">17.7</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> R2-D2 96 32 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">16.4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Darth Vader 202 136 21.4</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Leia Organa 150 49 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">33.1</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Owen Lars 178 120 20.4</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Beru Whitesun Lars 165 75 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">16.5</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> R5-D4 97 32 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">17.0</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Biggs Darklighter 183 84 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">18.7</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> Obi-Wan Kenobi 182 77 -<span style="color: #BB0000;">25.1</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># i 49 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre> |
| <p>For some operations, you can use <a href="https://www.duckdb.org" class="external-link">DuckDB</a>. It supports Arrow natively, so |
| you can pass the <code>Dataset</code> or query object to DuckDB without |
| paying a performance penalty using the helper function |
| <code><a href="../reference/to_duckdb.html">to_duckdb()</a></code> and pass the object back to Arrow with |
| <code><a href="../reference/to_arrow.html">to_arrow()</a></code>:</p> |
| <div class="sourceCode" id="cb26"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
| <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">sw</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">4</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">!</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/NA.html" class="external-link">is.na</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">hair_color</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/to_duckdb.html">to_duckdb</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">hair_color</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span> <span class="op"><</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html" class="external-link">mean</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">height</span>, na.rm <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/to_arrow.html">to_arrow</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|></span></span> |
| <span> <span class="co"># perform other arrow operations...</span></span> |
| <span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/compute.html" class="external-link">collect</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div> |
| <pre><code><span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 28 x 4</span></span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## name height mass hair_color</span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><int></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><chr></span> </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Yoda 66 17 white </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> Luke Skywalker 172 77 blond </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> Finis Valorum 170 <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> blond </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> R4-P17 96 <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Lobot 175 79 none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Ackbar 180 83 none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Nien Nunb 160 68 none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> Sebulba 112 40 none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Bib Fortuna 180 <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> Ayla Secura 178 55 none </span></span> |
| <span><span class="co">## <span style="color: #949494;"># i 18 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section level2"> |
| <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#further-reading"></a> |
| </h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li>To learn more about multi-file datasets, see the <a href="./dataset.html">dataset article</a>.</li> |
| <li>To learn more about user-registered functions, see |
| <code><a href="../reference/register_scalar_function.html">help("register_scalar_function", package = "arrow")</a></code>.</li> |
| <li>To learn more about writing dplyr bindings as an arrow developer, |
| see the <a href="./developers/writing_bindings.html">article on writing |
| bindings</a>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
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