feat(c/driver/postgresql): Implement GetObjects for columns (#723)

This passes the current test suite. To get things really done, still
need to work on the CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA and USAGE_SCHEMA implementations

Those are going to require some updated tests and more implementatin, so
this might be a good checkpoint to merge in first
diff --git a/c/driver/postgresql/connection.cc b/c/driver/postgresql/connection.cc
index 326d556..8250294 100644
--- a/c/driver/postgresql/connection.cc
+++ b/c/driver/postgresql/connection.cc
@@ -206,8 +206,23 @@
     schema_table_items_ = db_schema_tables_col_->children[0];
     table_name_col_ = schema_table_items_->children[0];
     table_type_col_ = schema_table_items_->children[1];
+
     table_columns_col_ = schema_table_items_->children[2];
+    table_columns_items_ = table_columns_col_->children[0];
+    column_name_col_ = table_columns_items_->children[0];
+    column_position_col_ = table_columns_items_->children[1];
+    column_remarks_col_ = table_columns_items_->children[2];
+
     table_constraints_col_ = schema_table_items_->children[3];
+    table_constraints_items_ = table_constraints_col_->children[0];
+    constraint_name_col_ = table_constraints_items_->children[0];
+    constraint_type_col_ = table_constraints_items_->children[1];
+
+    constraint_column_names_col_ = table_constraints_items_->children[2];
+    constraint_column_name_col_ = constraint_column_names_col_->children[0];
+
+    constraint_column_usages_col_ = table_constraints_items_->children[3];
+    constraint_column_usage_items_ = constraint_column_usages_col_->children[0];
 
     RAISE_ADBC(AppendCatalogs());
     RAISE_ADBC(FinishArrowArray());
@@ -263,10 +278,10 @@
         CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
                  ArrowArrayAppendString(db_schema_name_col_, ArrowCharView(schema_name)),
                  error_);
-        if (depth_ >= ADBC_OBJECT_DEPTH_TABLES) {
-          RAISE_ADBC(AppendTables(std::string(schema_name)));
-        } else {
+        if (depth_ == ADBC_OBJECT_DEPTH_DB_SCHEMAS) {
           CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(db_schema_tables_col_, 1), error_);
+        } else {
+          RAISE_ADBC(AppendTables(std::string(schema_name)));
         }
         CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(catalog_db_schemas_items_), error_);
       }
@@ -354,17 +369,19 @@
       const char* table_name = row[0].data;
       const char* table_type = row[1].data;
 
-      if (depth_ > ADBC_OBJECT_DEPTH_TABLES) {
-        return ADBC_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
-      } else {
-        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
-                 ArrowArrayAppendString(table_name_col_, ArrowCharView(table_name)),
-                 error_);
-        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
-                 ArrowArrayAppendString(table_type_col_, ArrowCharView(table_type)),
-                 error_);
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+               ArrowArrayAppendString(table_name_col_, ArrowCharView(table_name)),
+               error_);
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+               ArrowArrayAppendString(table_type_col_, ArrowCharView(table_type)),
+               error_);
+      if (depth_ == ADBC_OBJECT_DEPTH_TABLES) {
         CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(table_columns_col_, 1), error_);
         CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(table_constraints_col_, 1), error_);
+      } else {
+        auto table_name_s = std::string(table_name);
+        RAISE_ADBC(AppendColumns(schema_name, table_name_s));
+        RAISE_ADBC(AppendConstraints(schema_name, table_name_s));
       }
       CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(schema_table_items_), error_);
     }
@@ -373,6 +390,156 @@
     return ADBC_STATUS_OK;
   }
 
+  AdbcStatusCode AppendColumns(std::string schema_name, std::string table_name) {
+    struct StringBuilder query = {0};
+    if (StringBuilderInit(&query, /*initial_size*/ 512)) {
+      return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> params = {schema_name, table_name};
+    const char* stmt =
+        "SELECT attr.attname, attr.attnum, "
+        "pg_catalog.col_description(cls.oid, attr.attnum) "
+        "FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute AS attr "
+        "INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class AS cls ON attr.attrelid = cls.oid "
+        "INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace AS nsp ON nsp.oid = cls.relnamespace "
+        "WHERE attr.attnum > 0 AND NOT attr.attisdropped "
+        "AND nsp.nspname LIKE $1 AND cls.relname LIKE $2";
+
+    if (StringBuilderAppend(&query, "%s", stmt)) {
+      StringBuilderReset(&query);
+      return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (column_name_ != NULL) {
+      if (StringBuilderAppend(&query, "%s", " AND attr.attname LIKE $3")) {
+        StringBuilderReset(&query);
+        return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+      }
+
+      params.push_back(std::string(column_name_));
+    }
+
+    auto result_helper = PqResultHelper{conn_, query.buffer, params, error_};
+    StringBuilderReset(&query);
+
+    RAISE_ADBC(result_helper.Prepare());
+    RAISE_ADBC(result_helper.Execute());
+
+    for (PqResultRow row : result_helper) {
+      const char* column_name = row[0].data;
+      const char* position = row[1].data;
+
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+               ArrowArrayAppendString(column_name_col_, ArrowCharView(column_name)),
+               error_);
+      int ival = atol(position);
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+               ArrowArrayAppendInt(column_position_col_, static_cast<int64_t>(ival)),
+               error_);
+      if (row[2].is_null) {
+        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(column_remarks_col_, 1), error_);
+      } else {
+        const char* remarks = row[2].data;
+        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+                 ArrowArrayAppendString(column_remarks_col_, ArrowCharView(remarks)),
+                 error_);
+      }
+
+      // no xdbc_ values for now
+      for (auto i = 3; i < 19; i++) {
+        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(table_columns_items_->children[i], 1),
+                 error_);
+      }
+
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(table_columns_items_), error_);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(table_columns_col_), error_);
+    return ADBC_STATUS_OK;
+  }
+
+  AdbcStatusCode AppendConstraints(std::string schema_name, std::string table_name) {
+    struct StringBuilder query = {0};
+    if (StringBuilderInit(&query, /*initial_size*/ 512)) {
+      return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> params = {schema_name, table_name};
+    const char* stmt =
+        "SELECT con.conname, CASE con.contype WHEN 'c' THEN 'CHECK' WHEN 'u' THEN "
+        "'UNIQUE' WHEN 'p' THEN 'PRIMARY KEY' WHEN 'f' THEN 'FOREIGN KEY' "
+        "END AS contype, ARRAY(SELECT attr.attname) AS colnames, con.confkey "
+        "FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint AS con "
+        "CROSS JOIN UNNEST(conkey) AS conkeys "
+        "INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class AS cls ON cls.oid = con.conrelid "
+        "INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace AS nsp ON nsp.oid = cls.relnamespace "
+        "INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute AS attr ON attr.attnum = conkeys "
+        "AND cls.oid = attr.attrelid "
+        "WHERE con.contype IN ('c', 'u', 'p', 'f') AND nsp.nspname LIKE $1 "
+        "AND cls.relname LIKE $2";
+
+    if (StringBuilderAppend(&query, "%s", stmt)) {
+      StringBuilderReset(&query);
+      return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (column_name_ != NULL) {
+      if (StringBuilderAppend(&query, "%s", " AND con.conname LIKE $3")) {
+        StringBuilderReset(&query);
+        return ADBC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+      }
+
+      params.push_back(std::string(column_name_));
+    }
+
+    auto result_helper = PqResultHelper{conn_, query.buffer, params, error_};
+    StringBuilderReset(&query);
+
+    RAISE_ADBC(result_helper.Prepare());
+    RAISE_ADBC(result_helper.Execute());
+
+    for (PqResultRow row : result_helper) {
+      const char* constraint_name = row[0].data;
+      const char* constraint_type = row[1].data;
+
+      CHECK_NA(
+          INTERNAL,
+          ArrowArrayAppendString(constraint_name_col_, ArrowCharView(constraint_name)),
+          error_);
+
+      CHECK_NA(
+          INTERNAL,
+          ArrowArrayAppendString(constraint_type_col_, ArrowCharView(constraint_type)),
+          error_);
+
+      for (auto i = 0; i < row[2].len; i++) {
+        // TODO: get actual name in here
+        const char* data = row[2].data;
+        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL,
+                 ArrowArrayAppendString(constraint_column_name_col_,
+                                        ArrowCharView("IMPLEMENT_ME")),
+                 error_);
+      }
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(constraint_column_names_col_), error_);
+
+      if (row[3].is_null) {
+        CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayAppendNull(constraint_column_usage_items_, 1),
+                 error_);
+      } else {
+        // TODO: some kind of for loop here over each usage
+        // need to unpack binary data from libpq
+        return ADBC_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+      }
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(constraint_column_usages_col_), error_);
+
+      CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(table_constraints_items_), error_);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_NA(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishElement(table_constraints_col_), error_);
+    return ADBC_STATUS_OK;
+  }
+
   AdbcStatusCode FinishArrowArray() {
     CHECK_NA_DETAIL(INTERNAL, ArrowArrayFinishBuildingDefault(array_, &na_error_),
                     &na_error_, error_);
@@ -401,7 +568,18 @@
   struct ArrowArray* table_name_col_;
   struct ArrowArray* table_type_col_;
   struct ArrowArray* table_columns_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* table_columns_items_;
+  struct ArrowArray* column_name_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* column_position_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* column_remarks_col_;
   struct ArrowArray* table_constraints_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* table_constraints_items_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_name_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_type_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_column_names_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_column_name_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_column_usages_col_;
+  struct ArrowArray* constraint_column_usage_items_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/c/driver/postgresql/postgresql_test.cc b/c/driver/postgresql/postgresql_test.cc
index 496bec0..483d38e 100644
--- a/c/driver/postgresql/postgresql_test.cc
+++ b/c/driver/postgresql/postgresql_test.cc
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
   std::string BindParameter(int index) const override {
     return "$" + std::to_string(index + 1);
   }
+
+  std::string db_schema() const override { return "public"; }
 };
 
 class PostgresDatabaseTest : public ::testing::Test,
@@ -87,7 +89,6 @@
   void TearDown() override { ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TearDownTest()); }
 
   void TestMetadataGetObjectsTablesTypes() { GTEST_SKIP() << "Not yet implemented"; }
-  void TestMetadataGetObjectsColumns() { GTEST_SKIP() << "Not yet implemented"; }
 
  protected:
   PostgresQuirks quirks_;