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class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 3.14</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>PubSub</h1></header><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="what-is-pubsub"></a>What is PubSub<a class="hash-link" href="#what-is-pubsub" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Publish-subscribe is a messaging paradigm:</p><ul><li>Producers send messages to specific brokers rather than directly to consumers.</li><li>Brokers cache messages sent by producers and then actively push them to subscribed consumers or pull them.</li></ul><p>The system architectures use this pattern to decouple or handle high traffic scenarios.</p><p>In Apache APISIX, the most common scenario is handling north-south traffic from the server to the client. Combining it with a publish-subscribe system, we can achieve more robust features, such as real-time collaboration on online documents, online games, etc.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="architecture"></a>Architecture<a class="hash-link" href="#architecture" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p><span class="lazy-load-image-background blur" style="color:transparent;display:inline-block"><div><noscript><img alt="pubsub architecture" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/apisix/release/3.14/docs/assets/images/pubsub-architecture.svg"></noscript><div style="width:500px;height:300px;border-radius:1rem;background-color:#d2d2d7"></div></div></span></p><p>Currently, Apache APISIX supports WebSocket communication with the client, which can be any application that supports WebSocket, with Protocol Buffer as the serialization mechanism, see the <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/include/apisix/model/pubsub.proto" rel="noopener noreferrer">protocol definition</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="supported-messaging-systems"></a>Supported messaging systems<a class="hash-link" href="#supported-messaging-systems" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ul><li><a href="/docs/apisix/pubsub/kafka/">Apache Kafka</a></li></ul><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="how-to-support-other-messaging-systems"></a>How to support other messaging systems<a class="hash-link" href="#how-to-support-other-messaging-systems" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Apache APISIX implement an extensible pubsub module, which is responsible for starting the WebSocket server, coding and decoding communication protocols, handling client commands, and adding support for the new messaging system.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="basic-steps"></a>Basic Steps<a class="hash-link" href="#basic-steps" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><ul><li>Add new commands and response body definitions to <code>pubsub.proto</code></li><li>Add a new option to the <code>scheme</code> configuration item in upstream</li><li>Add a new <code>scheme</code> judgment branch to <code>http_access_phase</code></li><li>Implement the required message system instruction processing functions</li><li>Optional: Create plugins to support advanced configurations of this messaging system</li></ul><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="example-of-apache-kafka"></a>Example of Apache Kafka<a class="hash-link" href="#example-of-apache-kafka" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="add-new-commands-and-response-body-definitions-to-pubsubproto"></a>Add new commands and response body definitions to <code>pubsub.proto</code><a class="hash-link" href="#add-new-commands-and-response-body-definitions-to-pubsubproto" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>The core of the protocol definition in <code>pubsub.proto</code> is the two parts <code>PubSubReq</code> and <code>PubSubResp</code>.</p><p>First, create the <code>CmdKafkaFetch</code> command and add the required parameters. Then, register this command in the list of commands for <code>req</code> in <code>PubSubReq</code>, which is named <code>cmd_kafka_fetch</code>.</p><p>Then create the corresponding response body <code>KafkaFetchResp</code> and register it in the <code>resp</code> of <code>PubSubResp</code>, named <code>kafka_fetch_resp</code>.</p><p>The protocol definition <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/include/apisix/model/pubsub.proto" rel="noopener noreferrer">pubsub.proto</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="add-a-new-option-to-the-scheme-configuration-item-in-upstream"></a>Add a new option to the <code>scheme</code> configuration item in upstream<a class="hash-link" href="#add-a-new-option-to-the-scheme-configuration-item-in-upstream" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Add a new option <code>kafka</code> to the <code>scheme</code> field enumeration in the <code>upstream</code> of <code>apisix/schema_def.lua</code>.</p><p>The schema definition <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/schema_def.lua" rel="noopener noreferrer">schema_def.lua</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="add-a-new-scheme-judgment-branch-to-http_access_phase"></a>Add a new <code>scheme</code> judgment branch to <code>http_access_phase</code><a class="hash-link" href="#add-a-new-scheme-judgment-branch-to-http_access_phase" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Add a <code>scheme</code> judgment branch to the <code>http_access_phase</code> function in <code>apisix/init.lua</code> to support the processing of <code>kafka</code> type upstreams. Because Apache Kafka has its clustering and partition scheme, we do not need to use the Apache APISIX built-in load balancing algorithm, so we intercept and take over the processing flow before selecting the upstream node, using the <code>kafka_access_phase</code> function.</p><p>The APISIX init file <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/init.lua" rel="noopener noreferrer">init.lua</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="implement-the-required-message-system-commands-processing-functions"></a>Implement the required message system commands processing functions<a class="hash-link" href="#implement-the-required-message-system-commands-processing-functions" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>First, create an instance of the <code>pubsub</code> module, which is provided in the <code>core</code> package.</p><p>Then, an instance of the Apache Kafka client is created and omitted code here.</p><p>Next, add the command registered in the protocol definition above to the <code>pubsub</code> instance, which will provide a callback function that provides the parameters parsed from the communication protocol, in which the developer needs to call the kafka client to get the data and return it to the <code>pubsub</code> module as the function return value.</p><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>Callback function prototype</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>The <code>params</code> is the data in the protocol definition; the first return value is the data, which needs to contain the fields in the response body definition, and returns the <code>nil</code> value when there is an error; the second return value is the error, and returns the error string when there is an error</p></div></div><p>Finally, it enters the loop to wait for client commands, and when an error occurs, it returns the error and stops the processing flow.</p><p>The kafka pubsub implementation <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/pubsub/kafka.lua" rel="noopener noreferrer">kafka.lua</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="optional-create-plugins-to-support-advanced-configurations-of-this-messaging-system"></a>Optional: Create plugins to support advanced configurations of this messaging system<a class="hash-link" href="#optional-create-plugins-to-support-advanced-configurations-of-this-messaging-system" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Add the required fields to the plugin schema definition and write them to the context of the current request in the <code>access</code> function.</p><p>The <code>kafka-proxy</code> plugin <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/plugins/kafka-proxy.lua" rel="noopener noreferrer">kafka-proxy.lua</a>.</p><p>Add this plugin to <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/apisix/cli/config.yaml.example" rel="noopener noreferrer">the existing list of plugins</a> in the APISIX configuration file <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/blob/master/conf/config.yaml" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>config.yaml</code></a>. For instance:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa" class="codeBlockTitle_PQMO">conf/config.yaml</div><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 yaml"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">plugins</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># see `conf/config.yaml.example` for an example</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># add existing plugins</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> kafka</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">proxy</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h4 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="results"></a>Results<a class="hash-link" href="#results" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>After this is done, create a route like the one below to connect to this messaging system via APISIX using the WebSocket.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 shell"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">curl</span><span class="token plain"> -X PUT </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/kafka'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> -H </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'X-API-KEY: ${api-key}'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> -H </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Content-Type: application/json'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> -d </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "uri": "/kafka",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "plugins": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "kafka-proxy": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "sasl": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "username": "user",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "password": "pwd"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "upstream": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "nodes": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "kafka-server1:9092": 1,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "kafka-server2:9092": 1,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "kafka-server3:9092": 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "type": "none",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "scheme": "kafka",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "tls": {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> "verify": true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">}'</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="/edit#https://github.com/apache/apisix/edit/release/3.14/docs/en/latest/pubsub.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" 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