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class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="description"></a>Description<a class="hash-link" href="#description" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>This article mainly introduces the health check function of Apache APISIX. The health check function can proxy requests to healthy nodes when the upstream node fails or migrates, avoiding the problem of service unavailability to the greatest extent. The health check function of APISIX is implemented using <a href="https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-healthcheck" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">lua-resty-healthcheck</a>, which is divided into active check and passive check.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="active-check"></a>Active check<a class="hash-link" href="#active-check" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Active health check mainly means that APISIX actively detects the survivability of upstream nodes through preset probe types. APISIX supports three probe types: <code>HTTP</code>, <code>HTTPS</code>, and <code>TCP</code>.</p><p>When N consecutive probes sent to healthy node <code>A</code> fail, the node will be marked as unhealthy, and the unhealthy node will be ignored by APISIX&#x27;s load balancer and cannot receive requests; if For an unhealthy node, if M consecutive probes are successful, the node will be re-marked as healthy and can be proxied.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="passive-check"></a>Passive check<a class="hash-link" href="#passive-check" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Passive health check refers to judging whether the corresponding upstream node is healthy by judging the response status of the request forwarded from APISIX to the upstream node. Compared with the active health check, the passive health check method does not need to initiate additional probes, but it cannot sense the node status in advance, and there may be a certain amount of failed requests.</p><p>If <code>N</code> consecutive requests to a healthy node A fail, the node will be marked as unhealthy.</p><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Since unhealthy nodes cannot receive requests, nodes cannot be re-marked as healthy using the passive health check strategy alone, so combining the active health check strategy is usually necessary.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><ul><li>We only start the health check when the upstream is hit by a request. There won&#x27;t be any health check if an upstream is configured but isn&#x27;t in used.</li><li>If there is no healthy node can be chosen, we will continue to access the upstream.</li></ul></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="configuration-instructions"></a>Configuration instructions<a class="hash-link" href="#configuration-instructions" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Configuration type</th><th>Value type</th><th>Valid values</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.type</td><td>Active check</td><td>string</td><td><code>http</code> <code>https</code> <code>tcp</code></td><td>http</td><td>The type of active check.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.timeout</td><td>Active check</td><td>integer</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>The timeout period of the active check (unit: second).</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.concurrency</td><td>Active check</td><td>integer</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>The number of targets to be checked at the same time during the active check.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.http_path</td><td>Active check</td><td>string</td><td></td><td>/</td><td>The HTTP request path that is actively checked.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.host</td><td>Active check</td><td>string</td><td></td><td>${upstream.node.host}</td><td>The hostname of the HTTP request actively checked.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.port</td><td>Active check</td><td>integer</td><td><code>1</code> to <code>65535</code></td><td>${upstream.node.port}</td><td>The host port of the HTTP request that is actively checked.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.https_verify_certificate</td><td>Active check</td><td>boolean</td><td></td><td>true</td><td>Active check whether to check the SSL certificate of the remote host when HTTPS type checking is used.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.req_headers</td><td>Active check</td><td>array</td><td></td><td>[]</td><td>Active check When using HTTP or HTTPS type checking, set additional request header information.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.healthy.interval</td><td>Active check (healthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>&gt;= 1</code></td><td>1</td><td>Active check (healthy node) check interval (unit: second)</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.healthy.http_statuses</td><td>Active check (healthy node)</td><td>array</td><td><code>200</code> to <code>599</code></td><td>[200, 302]</td><td>Active check (healthy node) HTTP or HTTPS type check, the HTTP status code of the healthy node.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.healthy.successes</td><td>Active check (healthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>1</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>2</td><td>Active check (healthy node) determine the number of times a node is healthy.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.unhealthy.interval</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>&gt;= 1</code></td><td>1</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node) check interval (unit: second)</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.unhealthy.http_statuses</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node)</td><td>array</td><td><code>200</code> to <code>599</code></td><td>[429, 404, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505]</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node) HTTP or HTTPS type check, the HTTP status code of the non-healthy node.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.unhealthy.http_failures</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>1</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>5</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node) HTTP or HTTPS type check, determine the number of times that the node is not healthy.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.unhealthy.tcp_failures</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>1</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>2</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node) TCP type check, determine the number of times that the node is not healthy.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.active.unhealthy.timeouts</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>1</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>3</td><td>Active check (unhealthy node) to determine the number of timeouts for unhealthy nodes.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.type</td><td>Passive check</td><td>string</td><td><code>http</code> <code>https</code> <code>tcp</code></td><td>http</td><td>The type of passive check.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.healthy.http_statuses</td><td>Passive check (healthy node)</td><td>array</td><td><code>200</code> to <code>599</code></td><td>[200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 226, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308]</td><td>Passive check (healthy node) HTTP or HTTPS type check, the HTTP status code of the healthy node.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.healthy.successes</td><td>Passive check (healthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>0</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>5</td><td>Passive checks (healthy node) determine the number of times a node is healthy.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.unhealthy.http_statuses</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node)</td><td>array</td><td><code>200</code> to <code>599</code></td><td>[429, 500, 503]</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node) HTTP or HTTPS type check, the HTTP status code of the non-healthy node.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.unhealthy.tcp_failures</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>0</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>2</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node) When TCP type is checked, determine the number of times that the node is not healthy.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.unhealthy.timeouts</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>0</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>7</td><td>Passive checks (unhealthy node) determine the number of timeouts for unhealthy nodes.</td></tr><tr><td>upstream.checks.passive.unhealthy.http_failures</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node)</td><td>integer</td><td><code>0</code> to <code>254</code></td><td>5</td><td>Passive check (unhealthy node) The number of times that the node is not healthy during HTTP or HTTPS type checking.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="configuration-example"></a>Configuration example<a class="hash-link" href="#configuration-example" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>You can enable health checks in routes via the Admin API:</p><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>You can fetch the <code>admin_key</code> from <code>config.yaml</code> and save to an environment variable with the following command:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 bash"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">admin_key</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">$(</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">yq </span><span class="token variable string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;.deployment.admin.admin_key[0].key&#x27;</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa"> conf/config.yaml </span><span class="token variable operator" style="color:#393A34">|</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa"> </span><span class="token variable function" style="color:#d73a49">sed</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa"> </span><span class="token variable string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;s/&quot;//g&#x27;</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">)</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div></div></div><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 shell"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">curl</span><span class="token plain"> http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;X-API-KEY: </span><span class="token string variable" style="color:#36acaa">$admin_key</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;</span><span class="token plain"> -X PUT -d </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;uri&quot;: &quot;/index.html&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;plugins&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;limit-count&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;count&quot;: 2,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;time_window&quot;: 60,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;rejected_code&quot;: 503,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;key&quot;: &quot;remote_addr&quot;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;upstream&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;nodes&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;127.0.0.1:1980&quot;: 1,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;127.0.0.1:1970&quot;: 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;type&quot;: &quot;roundrobin&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;retries&quot;: 2,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;checks&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;active&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;timeout&quot;: 5,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;http_path&quot;: &quot;/status&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;host&quot;: &quot;foo.com&quot;,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;healthy&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;interval&quot;: 2,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;successes&quot;: 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;unhealthy&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;interval&quot;: 1,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;http_failures&quot;: 2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;req_headers&quot;: [&quot;User-Agent: curl/7.29.0&quot;]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;passive&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;healthy&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;http_statuses&quot;: [200, 201],</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;successes&quot;: 3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> },</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;unhealthy&quot;: {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;http_statuses&quot;: [500],</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;http_failures&quot;: 3,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> &quot;tcp_failures&quot;: 3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c"> }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">}&#x27;</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>If APISIX detects an unhealthy node, the following logs will be output in the error log:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 shell"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">enabled healthcheck passive </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">while</span><span class="token plain"> logging request</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">failed to receive status line from </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;nil (127.0.0.1:1980)&#x27;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token plain"> closed</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">unhealthy TCP increment </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain">/2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">for</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;(127.0.0.1:1980)&#x27;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">failed to receive status line from </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;nil (127.0.0.1:1980)&#x27;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token plain"> closed</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">unhealthy TCP increment </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain">/2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">for</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;(127.0.0.1:1980&#x27;</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>To observe the above log information, you need to adjust the error log level to <code>info</code>.</p></div></div><p>The health check status can be fetched via <code>GET /v1/healthcheck</code> in <a href="/docs/apisix/next/control-api/">Control API</a>.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 shell"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">curl</span><span class="token plain"> http://127.0.0.1:9090/v1/healthcheck/upstreams/healthycheck -s </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">|</span><span class="token plain"> jq </span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="health-check-status"></a>Health Check Status<a class="hash-link" href="#health-check-status" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>APISIX provides comprehensive health check information, with particular emphasis on the <code>status</code> and <code>counter</code> parameters for effective health monitoring. In the APISIX context, nodes exhibit four states: <code>healthy</code>, <code>unhealthy</code>, <code>mostly_unhealthy</code>, and <code>mostly_healthy</code>. The <code>mostly_healthy</code> status indicates that the current node is considered healthy, but during health checks, the node&#x27;s health status is not consistently successful. The <code>mostly_unhealthy</code> status indicates that the current node is considered unhealthy, but during health checks, the node&#x27;s health detection is not consistently unsuccessful. The transition of a node&#x27;s state depends on the success or failure of the current health check, along with the recording of four key metrics in the <code>counter</code>: <code>tcp_failure</code>, <code>http_failure</code>, <code>success</code>, and <code>timeout_failure</code>.</p><p>To retrieve health check information, you can use the following curl command:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 shell"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">curl</span><span class="token plain"> -i http://127.0.0.1:9090/v1/healthcheck</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Response Example:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 json"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;nodes&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;/apisix/routes/1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;http&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;nodes&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;port&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1970</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;hostname&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;status&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;healthy&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;ip&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;counter&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;tcp_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;http_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;success&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;timeout_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;port&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1980</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;hostname&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;status&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;healthy&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;ip&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;counter&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;tcp_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;http_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;success&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;timeout_failure&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;/apisix/routes/example-hc-route&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&quot;http&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="state-transition-diagram"></a>State Transition Diagram<a class="hash-link" href="#state-transition-diagram" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p><span class="lazy-load-image-background blur" style="color:transparent;display:inline-block"><div><noscript><img alt="image" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/apisix/master/docs/assets/images/health_check_node_state_diagram.png"></noscript><div style="width:500px;height:300px;border-radius:1rem;background-color:#d2d2d7"></div></div></span></p><p>Note that all nodes start with the <code>healthy</code> status without any initial probes, and the counter only resets and updates with a state change. Hence, when nodes are <code>healthy</code> and all subsequent checks are successful, the <code>success</code> counter is not updated and remains zero.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="counter-information"></a>Counter Information<a class="hash-link" href="#counter-information" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>In the event of a health check failure, the <code>success</code> count in the counter will be reset to zero. Upon a successful health check, the <code>tcp_failure</code>, <code>http_failure</code>, and <code>timeout_failure</code> data will be reset to zero.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Description</th><th>Purpose</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>success</td><td>Number of successful health checks</td><td>When <code>success</code> exceeds the configured <code>healthy.successes</code> value, the node transitions to a <code>healthy</code> state.</td></tr><tr><td>tcp_failure</td><td>Number of TCP health check failures</td><td>When <code>tcp_failure</code> exceeds the configured <code>unhealthy.tcp_failures</code> value, the node transitions to an <code>unhealthy</code> state.</td></tr><tr><td>http_failure</td><td>Number of HTTP health check failures</td><td>When <code>http_failure</code> exceeds the configured <code>unhealthy.http_failures</code> value, the node transitions to an <code>unhealthy</code> state.</td></tr><tr><td>timeout_failure</td><td>Number of health check timeouts</td><td>When <code>timeout_failure</code> exceeds the configured <code>unhealthy.timeouts</code> value, the node transitions to an <code>unhealthy</code> state.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="/edit#https://github.com/apache/apisix/edit/master/docs/en/latest/tutorials/health-check.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/apisix/next/tutorials/observe-your-api/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Observe APIs</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/apisix/next/tutorials/monitor-api-health-check/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Monitor API Health Check with Prometheus »</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_vrFS thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#description" class="table-of-contents__link">Description</a></li><li><a href="#active-check" class="table-of-contents__link">Active check</a></li><li><a href="#passive-check" class="table-of-contents__link">Passive check</a><ul><li><a href="#configuration-instructions" class="table-of-contents__link">Configuration 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