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7.492a.982.982 0 01-.828.454H1c-.55 0-1-.453-1-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.629-6.942L.168 3.078A.939.939 0 010 2.528c0-.548.45-.997 1-.997h2.996c.352 0 .649.18.828.45L9.82 9.472c.11.148.172.347.172.55zm0 0"></path><path d="M19.98 10.023c0 .2-.058.399-.168.547l-4.996 7.492a.987.987 0 01-.828.454h-3c-.547 0-.996-.453-.996-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.625-6.942-4.625-6.945a.939.939 0 01-.168-.55 1 1 0 01.996-.997h3c.348 0 .649.18.828.45l4.996 7.492c.11.148.168.347.168.55zm0 0"></path></g></svg></button></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_Q970"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_zHA2"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is documentation for Apache APISIX® -- Cloud-Native API Gateway and AI Gateway <b>3.11</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/docs/apisix/external-plugin/">latest version</a></b> (3.14).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 3.11</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>External Plugin</h1></header><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="what-are-external-plugin-and-plugin-runner"></a>What are external plugin and plugin runner<a class="hash-link" href="#what-are-external-plugin-and-plugin-runner" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>APISIX supports writing plugins in Lua. This type of plugin will be executed |
| inside APISIX. Sometimes you want to develop plugins in other languages, so APISIX |
| provides sidecars that load your plugins and run them when the requests hit |
| APISIX. These sidecars are called plugin runners and your plugins are called |
| external plugins.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="how-does-it-work"></a>How does it work<a class="hash-link" href="#how-does-it-work" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p><span class="lazy-load-image-background blur" style="color:transparent;display:inline-block"><div><noscript><img alt="external-plugin" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/apisix/release/3.11/docs/assets/images/external-plugin.png"></noscript><div style="width:500px;height:300px;border-radius:1rem;background-color:#d2d2d7"></div></div></span></p><p>When you configure a plugin runner in APISIX, APISIX will run the plugin runner |
| as a subprocess. The process will belong to the same user of the APISIX |
| process. When we restart or reload APISIX, the plugin runner will be restarted too.</p><p>Once you have configured <code>ext-plugin-*</code> plugins for a given route, the requests |
| which hit the route will trigger RPC call from APISIX to the plugin runner via |
| unix socket.</p><p>The plugin runner will handle the RPC call, create a fake request at its side, |
| run external plugins and return the result back to APISIX.</p><p>The target external plugins and the execution order are configured in the <code>ext-plugin-*</code> |
| plugins. Like other plugins, they can be enabled and reconfigured on the fly.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="how-is-it-implemented"></a>How is it implemented<a class="hash-link" href="#how-is-it-implemented" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>If you are interested in the implementation of Plugin Runner, please refer to <a href="/docs/apisix/3.11/internal/plugin-runner/">The Implementation of Plugin Runner</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="supported-plugin-runners"></a>Supported plugin runners<a class="hash-link" href="#supported-plugin-runners" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ul><li>Java: <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix-java-plugin-runner" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/apache/apisix-java-plugin-runner</a></li><li>Go: <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix-go-plugin-runner" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/apache/apisix-go-plugin-runner</a></li><li>Python: <a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix-python-plugin-runner" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/apache/apisix-python-plugin-runner</a></li><li>JavaScript: <a href="https://github.com/zenozeng/apisix-javascript-plugin-runner" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/zenozeng/apisix-javascript-plugin-runner</a></li></ul><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="configuration-for-plugin-runner-in-apisix"></a>Configuration for plugin runner in APISIX<a class="hash-link" href="#configuration-for-plugin-runner-in-apisix" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>To run the plugin runner in the prod, add the section below to <code>config.yaml</code>:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 yaml"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">ext-plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">cmd</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"blah"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># replace it to the real runner executable according to the runner you choice</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Then APISIX will manage the runner as its subprocess.</p><p>Note: APISIX can't manage the runner on the Mac in <code>v2.6</code>.</p><p>During development, we want to run the runner separately so that we can restart it without |
| restarting APISIX first.</p><p>By specifying the environment variable <code>APISIX_LISTEN_ADDRESS</code>, we can force the runner to |
| listen to a fixed address. |
| For instance:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 bash"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">APISIX_LISTEN_ADDRESS</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">unix:/tmp/x.sock ./the_runner</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>will force the runner to listen to <code>/tmp/x.sock</code>.</p><p>Then you need to configure APISIX to send RPC to the fixed address:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 yaml"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">ext-plugin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># cmd: ["blah"] # don't configure the executable!</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">path_for_test</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/tmp/x.sock"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># without 'unix:' prefix</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>In the prod environment, <code>path_for_test</code> should not be used and the unix socket |
| path will be generated dynamically.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h2 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="faq"></a>FAQ<a class="hash-link" href="#faq" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="when-managing-by-apisix-the-runner-cant-access-my-environment-variable"></a>When managing by APISIX, the runner can't access my environment variable<a class="hash-link" href="#when-managing-by-apisix-the-runner-cant-access-my-environment-variable" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Since <code>v2.7</code>, APISIX can pass environment variables to the runner.</p><p>However, Nginx will hide all environment variables by default. So you need to |
| declare your variable first in the <code>conf/config.yaml</code>:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_EiTO"><div class="codeBlockContent_X2I6 yaml"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_UxnK thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_W6UD"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">nginx_config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">envs</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> MY_ENV_VAR</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_V-PD clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor anchor__h3 anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_3ly5" id="apisix-terminates-my-runner-with-sigkill-but-not-sigterm"></a>APISIX terminates my runner with SIGKILL but not SIGTERM!<a class="hash-link" href="#apisix-terminates-my-runner-with-sigkill-but-not-sigterm" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Since <code>v2.7</code>, APISIX will stop the runner with SIGTERM when it is running on |
| OpenResty 1.19+.</p><p>However, APISIX needs to wait for the runner to quit so that we can ensure the resource |
| for the process group is freed.</p><p>Therefore, we send SIGTERM first. And then after 1 second, if the runner is still |
| running, we will send SIGKILL.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="/edit#https://github.com/apache/apisix/edit/release/3.11/docs/en/latest/external-plugin.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/apisix/3.11/support-fips-in-apisix/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Support FIPS in APISIX</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/apisix/3.11/wasm/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Wasm »</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_vrFS thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#what-are-external-plugin-and-plugin-runner" class="table-of-contents__link">What are external plugin and plugin runner</a></li><li><a href="#how-does-it-work" class="table-of-contents__link">How does it work</a></li><li><a href="#how-is-it-implemented" class="table-of-contents__link">How is it implemented</a></li><li><a href="#supported-plugin-runners" class="table-of-contents__link">Supported plugin runners</a></li><li><a href="#configuration-for-plugin-runner-in-apisix" class="table-of-contents__link">Configuration for plugin runner in APISIX</a></li><li><a href="#faq" class="table-of-contents__link">FAQ</a><ul><li><a href="#when-managing-by-apisix-the-runner-cant-access-my-environment-variable" class="table-of-contents__link">When managing by APISIX, the runner can't access my environment variable</a></li><li><a href="#apisix-terminates-my-runner-with-sigkill-but-not-sigterm" class="table-of-contents__link">APISIX terminates my runner with SIGKILL but not SIGTERM!</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="container_MP5Z"><div class="linksRow_iwpv"><div class="linksCol_a1ec"><div>ASF</div><ul><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Foundation</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>License</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/events/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Events</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Security</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Sponsorship</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Thanks</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="linksCol_a1ec"><div>Community</div><ul><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>GitHub</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="/docs/general/join/"><span></span><span>Slack</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheAPISIX" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgPD18cMhOg5rmPVnQhAC8g" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>YouTube</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="linksCol_a1ec"><div>More</div><ul><li class="footer__item"><a target="_parent" href="/blog/"><span></span><span>Blog</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a target="_parent" href="/showcase/"><span></span><span>Showcase</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a target="_parent" href="/plugins/"><span></span><span>Plugin Hub</span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/apisix/milestones" target="_parent" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span></span><span>Roadmap</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="copyright_ZfFh"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="display:inline-block;width:231.25px;height:40px"></span></a><div>Copyright © 2019-2025 The Apache Software Foundation. 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