cli/src/main/java/org/apache/any23/cli/Rover.java - any23 - Git at Google

 /*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 package org.apache.any23.cli;

 import com.beust.jcommander.IStringConverter;
 import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
 import com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException;
 import com.beust.jcommander.Parameters;
 import com.beust.jcommander.converters.FileConverter;
 import org.apache.any23.Any23;
 import org.apache.any23.configuration.Configuration;
 import org.apache.any23.configuration.DefaultConfiguration;
 import org.apache.any23.configuration.Setting;
 import org.apache.any23.configuration.Settings;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractionParameters;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractionParameters.ValidationMode;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorGroup;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorRegistry;
 import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorRegistryImpl;
 import org.apache.any23.filter.IgnoreAccidentalRDFa;
 import org.apache.any23.filter.IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments;
 import org.apache.any23.source.DocumentSource;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.BenchmarkTripleHandler;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.DecoratingWriterFactory;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleWriterFactory;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.LoggingTripleHandler;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.NTriplesWriterFactory;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.ReportingTripleHandler;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandler;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandlerException;
 import org.apache.any23.writer.WriterFactoryRegistry;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.ListIterator;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Objects;

 import static java.lang.String.format;

 /**
  * A default rover implementation. Goes and fetches a URL using an hint as to what format should require, then tries to
  * convert it to RDF.
  *
  * @author Michele Mostarda (mostarda@fbk.eu)
  * @author Richard Cyganiak (richard@cyganiak.de)
  * @author Gabriele Renzi
  * @author Hans Brende (hansbrende@apache.org)
  */
 @Parameters(commandNames = { "rover" }, commandDescription = "Apache Any23 Command Line Tool.")
 public class Rover extends BaseTool {

     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Rover.class);

     private static final ExtractorRegistry eRegistry = ExtractorRegistryImpl.getInstance();
     private static final WriterFactoryRegistry registry = WriterFactoryRegistry.getInstance();
     private static final String DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER = NTriplesWriterFactory.IDENTIFIER;

     static {
         final Setting<Boolean> ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES = Setting.create("alwayssuppresscsstriples", Boolean.TRUE);
         final Settings supportedSettings = Settings.of(ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES);

         registry.register(new DecoratingWriterFactory() {

             @Override
             public TripleHandler getTripleWriter(TripleHandler delegate, Settings settings) {
                 boolean always = settings.get(ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES);
                 return new IgnoreAccidentalRDFa(new IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments(delegate), always);
             }

             @Override
             public Settings getSupportedSettings() {
                 return supportedSettings;
             }

             @Override
             public String getIdentifier() {
                 return "notrivial";
             }
         });
     }

     @Parameter(names = { "-o",
             "--output" }, description = "Specify Output file (defaults to standard output)", converter = PrintStreamConverter.class)
     private PrintStream outputStream = System.out;

     @Parameter(description = "input IRIs {<url>|<file>}+", converter = ArgumentToIRIConverter.class)
     protected List<String> inputIRIs = new LinkedList<>();

     @Parameter(names = { "-e", "--extractors" }, description = "a comma-separated list of extractors, "
             + "e.g. rdf-xml,rdf-turtle, etc. A complete extractor list can be obtained by calling ./any23 extractor --list")
     private List<String> extractors = new LinkedList<String>() {
         {
             addAll(eRegistry.getAllNames());
         }
     };

     @Parameter(names = { "-f",
             "--format" }, description = "a comma-separated list of writer factories, e.g. json,jsonld,nquads,notrivial,ntriples,trix,turtle,uri")
     private List<String> formats = new LinkedList<String>() {
         {
             add(DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER);
         }
     };

     @Parameter(names = { "-l", "--log" }, description = "Produce log within a file.", converter = FileConverter.class)
     private File logFile = null;

     @Parameter(names = { "-s", "--stats" }, description = "Print out extraction statistics.")
     private boolean statistics;

     @Parameter(names = { "-t",
             "--notrivial" }, description = "Filter trivial statements (e.g. CSS related ones). [DEPRECATED: As of version 2.3, use --format instead.]")
     private boolean noTrivial;

     @Parameter(names = { "-p",
             "--pedantic" }, description = "Validate and fixes HTML content detecting commons issues.")
     private boolean pedantic;

     @Parameter(names = { "-n", "--nesting" }, description = "Disable production of nesting triples.")
     private boolean nestingDisabled;

     @Parameter(names = { "-d",
             "--defaultns" }, description = "Override the default namespace used to produce statements.")
     private String defaultns;

     // non parameters

     private TripleHandler tripleHandler;

     private ReportingTripleHandler reportingTripleHandler;

     private BenchmarkTripleHandler benchmarkTripleHandler;

     private Any23 any23;

     private ExtractionParameters extractionParameters;

     @Override
     PrintStream getOut() {
         return outputStream;
     }

     @Override
     void setOut(PrintStream out) {
         outputStream = out;
     }

     private static TripleHandler getWriter(String id, OutputStream os) {
         TripleWriterFactory f = (TripleWriterFactory) registry.getWriterByIdentifier(id);
         Objects.requireNonNull(f,
                 () -> "Invalid writer id '" + id + "'; admitted values: " + registry.getIdentifiers());
         return f.getTripleWriter(os, Settings.of()); // TODO parse TripleWriter settings from format list
     }

     private static TripleHandler getWriter(String id, TripleHandler delegate) {
         DecoratingWriterFactory f = (DecoratingWriterFactory) registry.getWriterByIdentifier(id);
         Objects.requireNonNull(f,
                 () -> "Invalid writer id '" + id + "'; admitted values: " + registry.getIdentifiers());
         return f.getTripleWriter(delegate, Settings.of()); // TODO parse delegate settings from format list
     }

     protected void configure() {
         List<String> formats = this.formats;
         if (formats.isEmpty()) {
             formats = Collections.singletonList(DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER);
         }
         ListIterator<String> l = formats.listIterator(formats.size());
         tripleHandler = getWriter(l.previous(), outputStream);

         while (l.hasPrevious()) {
             tripleHandler = getWriter(l.previous(), tripleHandler);
         }

         if (logFile != null) {
             try {
                 tripleHandler = new LoggingTripleHandler(tripleHandler,
                         new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(logFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
             } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Can not write to log file [%s]", logFile),
                         fnfe);
             }
         }

         if (statistics) {
             benchmarkTripleHandler = new BenchmarkTripleHandler(tripleHandler);
             tripleHandler = benchmarkTripleHandler;
         }

         if (noTrivial) {
             tripleHandler = new IgnoreAccidentalRDFa(new IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments(tripleHandler), true); // suppress
                                                                                                              // stylesheet
                                                                                                              // triples.
         }

         reportingTripleHandler = new ReportingTripleHandler(tripleHandler);

         final Configuration configuration = DefaultConfiguration.singleton();
         extractionParameters = pedantic
                 ? new ExtractionParameters(configuration, ValidationMode.VALIDATE_AND_FIX, nestingDisabled)
                 : new ExtractionParameters(configuration, ValidationMode.NONE, nestingDisabled);
         if (defaultns != null) {
             extractionParameters.setProperty(ExtractionParameters.EXTRACTION_CONTEXT_IRI_PROPERTY, defaultns);
         }

         any23 = (extractors.isEmpty()) ? new Any23() : new Any23(extractors.toArray(new String[extractors.size()]));
         any23.setHTTPUserAgent(Any23.DEFAULT_HTTP_CLIENT_USER_AGENT + "/" + Any23.VERSION);
     }

     protected String printReports() {
         final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         if (benchmarkTripleHandler != null)
             sb.append(benchmarkTripleHandler.report()).append('\n');
         if (reportingTripleHandler != null)
             sb.append(reportingTripleHandler.printReport()).append('\n');
         return sb.toString();
     }

     protected void performExtraction(DocumentSource documentSource) throws Exception {
         if (!any23.extract(extractionParameters, documentSource, reportingTripleHandler).hasMatchingExtractors()) {
             throw new IllegalStateException(
                     format(Locale.ROOT, "No suitable extractors found for source %s", documentSource.getDocumentIRI()));
         }
     }

     protected void close() {
         if (tripleHandler != null) {
             try {
                 tripleHandler.close();
             } catch (TripleHandlerException the) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("Error while closing TripleHandler", the);
             }
         }

         if (outputStream != null && outputStream != System.out) { // TODO: low - find better solution to avoid closing
                                                                   // system out.
             outputStream.close();
         }
     }

     public void run() throws Exception {
         if (inputIRIs.isEmpty()) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected at least 1 argument.");
         }

         configure();

         // perform conversions

         try {
             final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
             for (String inputIRI : inputIRIs) {
                 DocumentSource source = any23.createDocumentSource(inputIRI);

                 performExtraction(source);
             }
             final long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;

             if (benchmarkTripleHandler != null) {
                 System.err.println(benchmarkTripleHandler.report());
             }

             logger.info("Extractors used: " + reportingTripleHandler.getExtractorNames());
             logger.info(reportingTripleHandler.getTotalTriples() + " triples, " + elapsed + "ms");
         } finally {
             close();
         }
     }

     public static final class ArgumentToIRIConverter implements IStringConverter<String> {

         @Override
         public String convert(String uri) {
             uri = uri.trim();
             if (uri.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("http:") || uri.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("https:")) {
                 try {
                     return new URL(uri).toString();
                 } catch (MalformedURLException murle) {
                     throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Invalid IRI: '%s': %s", uri, murle.getMessage()));
                 }
             }

             final File f = new File(uri);
             if (!f.exists()) {
                 throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "No such file: [%s]", f.getAbsolutePath()));
             }
             if (f.isDirectory()) {
                 throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Found a directory: [%s]", f.getAbsolutePath()));
             }
             return f.toURI().toString();
         }

     }

     public static final class PrintStreamConverter implements IStringConverter<PrintStream> {

         @Override
         public PrintStream convert(String value) {
             final File file = new File(value);
             try {
                 return new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(file), true, "UTF-8");
             } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
                 throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Cannot open file '%s': %s", file, fnfe.getMessage()));
             } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("Error converting to PrintStream with UTF-8 encoding.", e);
             }
         }

     }

 }
	/*
	* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
	* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
	* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
	* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
	* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
	* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	package org.apache.any23.cli;

	import com.beust.jcommander.IStringConverter;
	import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
	import com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException;
	import com.beust.jcommander.Parameters;
	import com.beust.jcommander.converters.FileConverter;
	import org.apache.any23.Any23;
	import org.apache.any23.configuration.Configuration;
	import org.apache.any23.configuration.DefaultConfiguration;
	import org.apache.any23.configuration.Setting;
	import org.apache.any23.configuration.Settings;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractionParameters;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractionParameters.ValidationMode;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorGroup;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorRegistry;
	import org.apache.any23.extractor.ExtractorRegistryImpl;
	import org.apache.any23.filter.IgnoreAccidentalRDFa;
	import org.apache.any23.filter.IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments;
	import org.apache.any23.source.DocumentSource;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.BenchmarkTripleHandler;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.DecoratingWriterFactory;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleWriterFactory;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.LoggingTripleHandler;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.NTriplesWriterFactory;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.ReportingTripleHandler;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandler;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandlerException;
	import org.apache.any23.writer.WriterFactoryRegistry;
	import org.slf4j.Logger;
	import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

	import java.io.File;
	import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
	import java.io.FileOutputStream;
	import java.io.OutputStream;
	import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
	import java.io.PrintStream;
	import java.io.PrintWriter;
	import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
	import java.net.MalformedURLException;
	import java.net.URL;
	import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
	import java.util.Collections;
	import java.util.LinkedList;
	import java.util.List;
	import java.util.ListIterator;
	import java.util.Locale;
	import java.util.Objects;

	import static java.lang.String.format;

	/**
	* A default rover implementation. Goes and fetches a URL using an hint as to what format should require, then tries to
	* convert it to RDF.
	*
	* @author Michele Mostarda (mostarda@fbk.eu)
	* @author Richard Cyganiak (richard@cyganiak.de)
	* @author Gabriele Renzi
	* @author Hans Brende (hansbrende@apache.org)
	*/
	@Parameters(commandNames = { "rover" }, commandDescription = "Apache Any23 Command Line Tool.")
	public class Rover extends BaseTool {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Rover.class);

	private static final ExtractorRegistry eRegistry = ExtractorRegistryImpl.getInstance();
	private static final WriterFactoryRegistry registry = WriterFactoryRegistry.getInstance();
	private static final String DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER = NTriplesWriterFactory.IDENTIFIER;

	static {
	final Setting<Boolean> ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES = Setting.create("alwayssuppresscsstriples", Boolean.TRUE);
	final Settings supportedSettings = Settings.of(ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES);

	registry.register(new DecoratingWriterFactory() {

	@Override
	public TripleHandler getTripleWriter(TripleHandler delegate, Settings settings) {
	boolean always = settings.get(ALWAYS_SUPPRESS_CSS_TRIPLES);
	return new IgnoreAccidentalRDFa(new IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments(delegate), always);
	}

	@Override
	public Settings getSupportedSettings() {
	return supportedSettings;
	}

	@Override
	public String getIdentifier() {
	return "notrivial";
	}
	});
	}

	@Parameter(names = { "-o",
	"--output" }, description = "Specify Output file (defaults to standard output)", converter = PrintStreamConverter.class)
	private PrintStream outputStream = System.out;

	@Parameter(description = "input IRIs {<url>\|<file>}+", converter = ArgumentToIRIConverter.class)
	protected List<String> inputIRIs = new LinkedList<>();

	@Parameter(names = { "-e", "--extractors" }, description = "a comma-separated list of extractors, "
	+ "e.g. rdf-xml,rdf-turtle, etc. A complete extractor list can be obtained by calling ./any23 extractor --list")
	private List<String> extractors = new LinkedList<String>() {
	{
	addAll(eRegistry.getAllNames());
	}
	};

	@Parameter(names = { "-f",
	"--format" }, description = "a comma-separated list of writer factories, e.g. json,jsonld,nquads,notrivial,ntriples,trix,turtle,uri")
	private List<String> formats = new LinkedList<String>() {
	{
	add(DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER);
	}
	};

	@Parameter(names = { "-l", "--log" }, description = "Produce log within a file.", converter = FileConverter.class)
	private File logFile = null;

	@Parameter(names = { "-s", "--stats" }, description = "Print out extraction statistics.")
	private boolean statistics;

	@Parameter(names = { "-t",
	"--notrivial" }, description = "Filter trivial statements (e.g. CSS related ones). [DEPRECATED: As of version 2.3, use --format instead.]")
	private boolean noTrivial;

	@Parameter(names = { "-p",
	"--pedantic" }, description = "Validate and fixes HTML content detecting commons issues.")
	private boolean pedantic;

	@Parameter(names = { "-n", "--nesting" }, description = "Disable production of nesting triples.")
	private boolean nestingDisabled;

	@Parameter(names = { "-d",
	"--defaultns" }, description = "Override the default namespace used to produce statements.")
	private String defaultns;

	// non parameters

	private TripleHandler tripleHandler;

	private ReportingTripleHandler reportingTripleHandler;

	private BenchmarkTripleHandler benchmarkTripleHandler;

	private Any23 any23;

	private ExtractionParameters extractionParameters;

	@Override
	PrintStream getOut() {
	return outputStream;
	}

	@Override
	void setOut(PrintStream out) {
	outputStream = out;
	}

	private static TripleHandler getWriter(String id, OutputStream os) {
	TripleWriterFactory f = (TripleWriterFactory) registry.getWriterByIdentifier(id);
	Objects.requireNonNull(f,
	() -> "Invalid writer id '" + id + "'; admitted values: " + registry.getIdentifiers());
	return f.getTripleWriter(os, Settings.of()); // TODO parse TripleWriter settings from format list
	}

	private static TripleHandler getWriter(String id, TripleHandler delegate) {
	DecoratingWriterFactory f = (DecoratingWriterFactory) registry.getWriterByIdentifier(id);
	Objects.requireNonNull(f,
	() -> "Invalid writer id '" + id + "'; admitted values: " + registry.getIdentifiers());
	return f.getTripleWriter(delegate, Settings.of()); // TODO parse delegate settings from format list
	}

	protected void configure() {
	List<String> formats = this.formats;
	if (formats.isEmpty()) {
	formats = Collections.singletonList(DEFAULT_WRITER_IDENTIFIER);
	}
	ListIterator<String> l = formats.listIterator(formats.size());
	tripleHandler = getWriter(l.previous(), outputStream);

	while (l.hasPrevious()) {
	tripleHandler = getWriter(l.previous(), tripleHandler);
	}

	if (logFile != null) {
	try {
	tripleHandler = new LoggingTripleHandler(tripleHandler,
	new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(logFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
	} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
	throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Can not write to log file [%s]", logFile),
	fnfe);
	}
	}

	if (statistics) {
	benchmarkTripleHandler = new BenchmarkTripleHandler(tripleHandler);
	tripleHandler = benchmarkTripleHandler;
	}

	if (noTrivial) {
	tripleHandler = new IgnoreAccidentalRDFa(new IgnoreTitlesOfEmptyDocuments(tripleHandler), true); // suppress
	// stylesheet
	// triples.
	}

	reportingTripleHandler = new ReportingTripleHandler(tripleHandler);

	final Configuration configuration = DefaultConfiguration.singleton();
	extractionParameters = pedantic
	? new ExtractionParameters(configuration, ValidationMode.VALIDATE_AND_FIX, nestingDisabled)
	: new ExtractionParameters(configuration, ValidationMode.NONE, nestingDisabled);
	if (defaultns != null) {
	extractionParameters.setProperty(ExtractionParameters.EXTRACTION_CONTEXT_IRI_PROPERTY, defaultns);
	}

	any23 = (extractors.isEmpty()) ? new Any23() : new Any23(extractors.toArray(new String[extractors.size()]));
	any23.setHTTPUserAgent(Any23.DEFAULT_HTTP_CLIENT_USER_AGENT + "/" + Any23.VERSION);
	}

	protected String printReports() {
	final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	if (benchmarkTripleHandler != null)
	sb.append(benchmarkTripleHandler.report()).append('\n');
	if (reportingTripleHandler != null)
	sb.append(reportingTripleHandler.printReport()).append('\n');
	return sb.toString();
	}

	protected void performExtraction(DocumentSource documentSource) throws Exception {
	if (!any23.extract(extractionParameters, documentSource, reportingTripleHandler).hasMatchingExtractors()) {
	throw new IllegalStateException(
	format(Locale.ROOT, "No suitable extractors found for source %s", documentSource.getDocumentIRI()));
	}
	}

	protected void close() {
	if (tripleHandler != null) {
	try {
	tripleHandler.close();
	} catch (TripleHandlerException the) {
	throw new RuntimeException("Error while closing TripleHandler", the);
	}
	}

	if (outputStream != null && outputStream != System.out) { // TODO: low - find better solution to avoid closing
	// system out.
	outputStream.close();
	}
	}

	public void run() throws Exception {
	if (inputIRIs.isEmpty()) {
	throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected at least 1 argument.");
	}

	configure();

	// perform conversions

	try {
	final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
	for (String inputIRI : inputIRIs) {
	DocumentSource source = any23.createDocumentSource(inputIRI);

	performExtraction(source);
	}
	final long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;

	if (benchmarkTripleHandler != null) {
	System.err.println(benchmarkTripleHandler.report());
	}

	logger.info("Extractors used: " + reportingTripleHandler.getExtractorNames());
	logger.info(reportingTripleHandler.getTotalTriples() + " triples, " + elapsed + "ms");
	} finally {
	close();
	}
	}

	public static final class ArgumentToIRIConverter implements IStringConverter<String> {

	@Override
	public String convert(String uri) {
	uri = uri.trim();
	if (uri.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("http:") \|\| uri.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("https:")) {
	try {
	return new URL(uri).toString();
	} catch (MalformedURLException murle) {
	throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Invalid IRI: '%s': %s", uri, murle.getMessage()));
	}
	}

	final File f = new File(uri);
	if (!f.exists()) {
	throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "No such file: [%s]", f.getAbsolutePath()));
	}
	if (f.isDirectory()) {
	throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Found a directory: [%s]", f.getAbsolutePath()));
	}
	return f.toURI().toString();
	}

	}

	public static final class PrintStreamConverter implements IStringConverter<PrintStream> {

	@Override
	public PrintStream convert(String value) {
	final File file = new File(value);
	try {
	return new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(file), true, "UTF-8");
	} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
	throw new ParameterException(format(Locale.ROOT, "Cannot open file '%s': %s", file, fnfe.getMessage()));
	} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
	throw new RuntimeException("Error converting to PrintStream with UTF-8 encoding.", e);
	}
	}

	}

	}