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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
LOAD 'age';
SET search_path TO ag_catalog;
--
-- jsonb operators in AGE (?, ?&, ?|, ->, ->>, #>, #>>, ||)
--
--
-- concat || operator
--
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------------+-----------
[0, 1, 0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '2'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
-----------+-----------
[2, 0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || '2'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
-----------+-----------
[0, 1, 2] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '{"a": 1}'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
------------------+-----------
[{"a": 1}, 0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || '{"a": 1}'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
------------------+-----------
[0, 1, {"a": 1}] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[]'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------+-----------
[0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || '[]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------+-----------
[0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT 'null'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------------+-----------
[null, 0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || 'null'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------------+-----------
[0, 1, null] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[null]'::agtype || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------------+-----------
[null, 0, 1] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || '[null]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
--------------+-----------
[0, 1, null] | agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT NULL || '[0, 1]'::agtype as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
---+-----------
| agtype
(1 row)
SELECT i, pg_typeof(i) FROM (SELECT '[0, 1]'::agtype || NULL as i) a;
i | pg_typeof
---+-----------
| agtype
(1 row)
-- both operands are objects
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
?column?
---------------------------------------------
{"b": "g", "aa": 1, "cq": "l", "fg": false}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '{"aq":"l"}';
?column?
---------------------------------------
{"b": 2, "aa": 1, "aq": "l", "cq": 3}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '{"aa":"l"}';
?column?
------------------------------
{"b": 2, "aa": "l", "cq": 3}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '{}';
?column?
----------------------------
{"b": 2, "aa": 1, "cq": 3}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3, "cj": {"fg": true}}'::agtype || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
{"b": "g", "aa": 1, "cj": {"fg": true}, "cq": "l", "fg": false}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"a": 13}'::agtype || '{"a": 13}'::agtype;
?column?
-----------
{"a": 13}
(1 row)
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '{"a":"b"}'::agtype;
?column?
------------
{"a": "b"}
(1 row)
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
----------
{}
(1 row)
-- both operands are arrays
SELECT '["a", "b"]'::agtype || '["c"]';
?column?
-----------------
["a", "b", "c"]
(1 row)
SELECT '["a", "b"]'::agtype || '["c", "d"]';
?column?
----------------------
["a", "b", "c", "d"]
(1 row)
SELECT '["a", "b"]'::agtype || '["c", "d", "d"]';
?column?
---------------------------
["a", "b", "c", "d", "d"]
(1 row)
SELECT '["c"]' || '["a", "b"]'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------
["c", "a", "b"]
(1 row)
SELECT '[]'::agtype || '["a"]'::agtype;
?column?
----------
["a"]
(1 row)
SELECT '[]'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[]
(1 row)
SELECT '["a", "b"]'::agtype || '"c"';
?column?
-----------------
["a", "b", "c"]
(1 row)
SELECT '"c"' || '["a", "b"]'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------
["c", "a", "b"]
(1 row)
SELECT '[]'::agtype || '"a"'::agtype;
?column?
----------
["a"]
(1 row)
SELECT '"b"'::agtype || '"a"'::agtype;
?column?
------------
["b", "a"]
(1 row)
SELECT '3'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[3]
(1 row)
SELECT '3'::agtype || '4'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[3, 4]
(1 row)
SELECT '3'::agtype || '[4]';
?column?
----------
[3, 4]
(1 row)
SELECT '3::numeric'::agtype || '[[]]'::agtype;
?column?
------------------
[3::numeric, []]
(1 row)
SELECT null::agtype || null::agtype;
?column?
----------
(1 row)
-- array and object as operands
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '[{"aa":"l"}]';
?column?
-------------------------------------------
[{"b": 2, "aa": 1, "cq": 3}, {"aa": "l"}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::agtype || '[{"aa":"l", "aa": "k"}]';
?column?
-------------------------------------------
[{"b": 2, "aa": 1, "cq": 3}, {"aa": "k"}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"a": 13}'::agtype || '[{"a": 13}]'::agtype;
?column?
------------------------
[{"a": 13}, {"a": 13}]
(1 row)
SELECT '[]'::agtype || '{"a":"b"}'::agtype;
?column?
--------------
[{"a": "b"}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"a":"b"}'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
--------------
[{"a": "b"}]
(1 row)
SELECT '[]'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[{}]
(1 row)
SELECT '[3]'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[3, {}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '[null]'::agtype;
?column?
------------
[{}, null]
(1 row)
SELECT '[null]'::agtype || '{"a": null}'::agtype;
?column?
---------------------
[null, {"a": null}]
(1 row)
SELECT '""'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[""]
(1 row)
-- vertex/edge/path as operand(s)
SELECT '{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b" : true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge'::agtype || '"id"';
?column?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b": true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge, "id"]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b" : true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge'::agtype || '"m"';
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b": true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge, "m"]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b" : true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge'::agtype || '{"m": []}';
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "EDGE", "end_id": 1970324836974593, "start_id": 1407374883553281, "properties": {"a": "xyz", "b": true, "c": -19.888, "e": {"f": "abcdef", "g": {}, "h": [[], {}]}, "i": {"j": 199, "k": {"l": "mnopq"}}}}::edge, {"m": []}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype || '{"id": 844424930131971, "label": "v", "properties": {"key": "value"}}::vertex'::agtype;
?column?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 844424930131971, "label": "v", "properties": {"key": "value"}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex, {}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[{}, {"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT '"id"'::agtype || '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype;
?column?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
["id", {"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype || '{"id": 1688849860263950, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710662, "start_id": 281474976710661, "properties": {}}::edge'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263950, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710662, "start_id": 281474976710661, "properties": {}}::edge]
(1 row)
SELECT '[{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path'::agtype || '{"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex'::agtype;
?column?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path, {"id": 844424930131969, "label": "v", "properties": {}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT '[{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path'::agtype || '[{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path'::agtype;
?column?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path, [{"id": 281474976710672, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex, {"id": 1688849860263960, "label": "e_var", "end_id": 281474976710673, "start_id": 281474976710672, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 281474976710673, "label": "", "properties": {}}::vertex]::path]
(1 row)
-- using concat more than once in a query
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '{}'::agtype || '[{}]'::agtype;
?column?
----------
[{}, {}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"y": {}}'::agtype || '{"b": "5"}'::agtype || '{"a": {}}'::agtype || '{"z": []}'::agtype;
?column?
---------------------------------------
{"a": {}, "b": "5", "y": {}, "z": []}
(1 row)
SELECT '{"y": {}}'::agtype || '{"b": "5"}'::agtype || '{"a": {}}'::agtype || '{"z": []}'::agtype || '[]'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------------------------------
[{"a": {}, "b": "5", "y": {}, "z": []}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"y": {}}'::agtype || '{"b": "5"}'::agtype || '{"a": {}}'::agtype || '{"z": []}'::agtype || '[]'::agtype || '{}';
?column?
---------------------------------------------
[{"a": {}, "b": "5", "y": {}, "z": []}, {}]
(1 row)
SELECT '"e"'::agtype || '1'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
--------------
["e", 1, {}]
(1 row)
SELECT ('"e"'::agtype || '1'::agtype) || '{"[]": "p"}'::agtype;
?column?
-----------------------
["e", 1, {"[]": "p"}]
(1 row)
SELECT '{"{}": {"a": []}}'::agtype || '{"{}": {"[]": []}}'::agtype || '{"{}": {}}'::agtype;
?column?
------------
{"{}": {}}
(1 row)
SELECT '{}'::agtype || '{}'::agtype || '[{}]'::agtype || '[{}]'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
?column?
------------------
[{}, {}, {}, {}]
(1 row)
-- should give an error
SELECT '{"a": 13}'::agtype || 'null'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '"a"'::agtype || '{"a":1}';
ERROR: invalid left operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '3'::agtype || '{}'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid left operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '{"a":1}' || '"a"'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '{"b": [1, 2, {"[{}, {}]": "a"}, {"1": {}}]}'::agtype || true::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '{"b": [1, 2, {"[{}, {}]": "a"}, {"1": {}}]}'::agtype || 'true'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT '{"b": [1, 2, {"[{}, {}]": "a"}, {"1": {}}]}'::agtype || age_agtype_sum('1', '2');
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT ('{"a": "5"}'::agtype || '{"a": {}}'::agtype) || '5'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT ('{"a": "5"}'::agtype || '{"a": {}}'::agtype || '5') || '[5]'::agtype;
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
-- both operands have to be of agtype
SELECT '3'::agtype || 4;
ERROR: operator does not exist: agtype || integer
LINE 1: SELECT '3'::agtype || 4;
^
HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
SELECT '3'::agtype || true;
ERROR: operator does not exist: agtype || boolean
LINE 1: SELECT '3'::agtype || true;
^
HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
--
-- jsonb operators inside cypher queries
--
SELECT create_graph('jsonb_operators');
NOTICE: graph "jsonb_operators" has been created
create_graph
--------------
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators',$$CREATE ({list:['a', 'b', 'c'], json:{a:1, b:['a', 'b'], c:{d:'a'}}})$$) as (a agtype);
a
---
(0 rows)
--
-- concat || operator
--
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ RETURN [1,2] || 2 $$) AS (result agtype);
result
-----------
[1, 2, 2]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ RETURN true || false $$) AS (result agtype);
result
---------------
[true, false]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ RETURN true || false || {a: 'string'} $$) AS (result agtype);
result
--------------------------------
[true, false, {"a": "string"}]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ RETURN true || false || {a: 'string'} || true $$) AS (result agtype);
result
--------------------------------------
[true, false, {"a": "string"}, true]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ WITH [1,2,3] AS m WITH m, m || 'string' AS n RETURN n $$) AS (result agtype);
result
---------------------
[1, 2, 3, "string"]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ WITH [1,2,3] AS m WITH m, m || {a: 1::numeric} AS n RETURN n $$) AS (result agtype);
result
------------------------------
[1, 2, 3, {"a": 1::numeric}]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ WITH {a: [1,2,3]} AS m WITH m, m || {a: 1::numeric} AS n RETURN n $$) AS (result agtype);
result
-------------------
{"a": 1::numeric}
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ WITH {b: [1,2,3]} AS m WITH m, m || {a: 1::numeric} AS n RETURN n $$) AS (result agtype);
result
-----------------------------------
{"a": 1::numeric, "b": [1, 2, 3]}
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH(n) RETURN n || 1 || 'string' $$) AS (result agtype);
result
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 281474976710657, "label": "", "properties": {"json": {"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}}::vertex, 1, "string"]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH(n) RETURN n || {list: [true, null]} $$) AS (result agtype);
result
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 281474976710657, "label": "", "properties": {"json": {"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}}::vertex, {"list": [true, null]}]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) MATCH(m) RETURN n || m $$) AS (result agtype);
result
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"id": 281474976710657, "label": "", "properties": {"json": {"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}}::vertex, {"id": 281474976710657, "label": "", "properties": {"json": {"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}}::vertex]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) RETURN n.list || [1, 2, 3] $$) AS (result agtype);
result
--------------------------
["a", "b", "c", 1, 2, 3]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) RETURN n.json || [1, 2, 3] $$) AS (result agtype);
result
-------------------------------------------------------
[{"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, 1, 2, 3]
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) RETURN n.json || n.json $$) AS (result agtype);
result
--------------------------------------------
{"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) RETURN n.json || n $$) AS (result agtype);
result
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, {"id": 281474976710657, "label": "", "properties": {"json": {"a": 1, "b": ["a", "b"], "c": {"d": "a"}}, "list": ["a", "b", "c"]}}::vertex]
(1 row)
-- should give an error
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ RETURN true || {a: 'string'} || true $$) AS (result agtype);
ERROR: invalid left operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ WITH 'b' AS m WITH m, m || {a: 1} AS n RETURN n $$) AS (result agtype);
ERROR: invalid left operand for agtype concatenation
SELECT * FROM cypher('jsonb_operators', $$ MATCH (n) RETURN n.json || 1 $$) AS (result agtype);
ERROR: invalid right operand for agtype concatenation
-- clean up
SELECT drop_graph('jsonb_operators', true);
NOTICE: drop cascades to 2 other objects
DETAIL: drop cascades to table jsonb_operators._ag_label_vertex
drop cascades to table jsonb_operators._ag_label_edge
NOTICE: graph "jsonb_operators" has been dropped
drop_graph
------------
(1 row)